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Canyonlands Research Station Research Products

  1. Bowker, M., M. E. Miller, T. Sisk and N. Johnson . 2008. (In press). Prioritizing conservation effort through the use of biological soil crusts as ecosystem function indicators in an arid region. Conservation Biology. [Journal Article]
  2. Rosentreter, R., M. Bowker, J. Belnap. 2008. A field guide to biological soil crusts of western U.S. drylands: Common lichens and bryophytes. Denver, Colorado, U.S. Government Printing Office,104 p. [Book]
  3. Bowker, M.A., J. Belnap. 2008. A simple classification of biological soil crust habitat on the Colorado Plateau, USA. Journal of Vegetation Science. In press. [Journal Article]
  4. Belnap J., S.L. Phillips, S. Flint, J. Moeny, M. Caldwell. 2008. Global change and biological soil crusts: Effects of ultraviolet augmentation under altered precipitation regimes and nitrogen additions. Global Change Biology 14: 670-686. [Journal Article]
  5. Bowker, M. A., J. Belnap, V. B. Chaudhary, N. C. Johnson. 2008. Revisiting classic water erosion models in drylands: The strong impact of biological soil crusts. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 40(9):2309-2316. [Journal Article]
  6. J. Belnap, S.K. Sherrod. 2008. Salt sensitivity of the exotic grass Bromus tectorum L. and facilitation by Hilaria jamesii (Torr.) Benth. In press, Plant Ecology. [Journal Article]
  7. Schwinning, S., J. Belnap, D.R. Bowling, J.R. Ehleringer. 2008. Sensitivity of the Colorado Plateau to change: Climate, ecosystems and society. Ecology and Society. In press. [Journal Article]
  8. Belnap, J, S.L. Phillips, D.L. Witwicki, M.E. Miller. 2008. Visually assessing the level of development and soil surface stability of cyanobacterially dominated biological soil crusts. Journal of Arid Environments 72: 1257-1264. [Journal Article]
  9. Newingham, B. A., P. Vidiella, and J. Belnap. 2007. Do soil characteristics or microhabitat determine field emergence and success of Bromus tectorum. Journal of Arid Environments 70(3): 389-402. [Journal Article]
  10. Belnap, J., S. L. Phillips, and S. D. Smith. 2007. Dynamics of cover, UV-protective pigments, and quantum yield in biological soil crust communities of an undisturbed Mojave Desert shrubland. Flora, 202: 674-686. [Journal Article]
  11. Belnap, J. 2007. ESA publications revisited. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 5(10):515-515. [Journal Article]
  12. Housman, David C., C. M. Yeager, B. J. Darby, R. L. Sanford Jr., C. Kuske, Cheryl, D.A. Neher, J. Belnap. 2007. Heterogeneity of soil nutrients and subsurface biota in a dryland ecosystem. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 39: 2138-2149. [Journal Article]
  13. Jocqué, M., T. Graham, and L. Brendonck. 2007. Local structuring factors of invertebrate communities in ephemeral freshwater rock pools and the influence of more permanent water bodies in the region. Hydrobiologia 592(1):271-280. [Journal Article]
  14. Darby, B. J., D. A. Neher, and J. Belnap. 2007. Soil nematode communities are ecologically more mature beneath late- than early-successional stage biological soil crusts. Applied Soil Ecology 35(1): 203-212. [Journal Article]
  15. Pech, L. and T. B. Graham. 2007. The first state record for Trichiorhyssemus riparius (Horn) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) from Utah. The Coleopterists Bulletin, 61(4): 567. [Journal Article]
  16. Yeager, C. M., J. L. Kornosky, R. Morgan, E. Cain, J. Belnap, C. R. Kuske. 2007. Three distinct clades of cultured heterocystous cyanobacteria comprise the dominant N2-fixing members of biological soil crusts of the Colorado Plateau, USA. FEMS Microbiology Ecology 60(1): 85-97. [Journal Article]
  17. Belnap, J., S. L. Phillips, J. E. Herrick, J. R. Johansen. 2007. Wind erodibility of soils at Fort Irwin, California (Mojave Desert), USA, before and after trampling disturbance: Implications for land management. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 32(1):75-84. [Journal Article]
  18. Hawkes, C.V., J. Belnap, C.M D'Antonio, M.K. Firestone. 2006. Arbuscular mycorrhizal assemblages in native plant roots change in the presence of invasive exotic grasses. Plant and Soil 281(1-2): 367-379. [Journal Article]
  19. Sperry, L.J., J. Belnap and R.D. Evans. 2006. Bromus tectorum invasion alters nitrogen dynamics in an undisturbed arid grassland ecosystem. Ecology, v. 87, no. 3, p. 603-615. [Journal Article]
  20. Housman, D.C., H.H.Powers, A.D. Collins, and J. Belnap. 2006. Carbon and nitrogen fixation differ between successional stages of biological soil crusts in the Colorado Plateau and Chihuahuan Desert. Journal of Arid Environments 66(4)620-634. [Journal Article]
  21. Bowker, M.A., J. Belnap, D.W. Davidson, H. Goldstein. 2006. Correlates of biological soil crust abundance across a continuum of spatial scales: Support for a hierarchical conceptual model. Journal of Applied Ecology 43(1):152-334. [Journal Article]
  22. Newingham, B.A., J. Belnap. 2006. Direct effects of soil amendments on field emergence and growth of the invasive annual grass Bromus tectorum L. and the native perennial grass Hilaria jamesii (Torr.) Benth. Plant and Soil 280(1-2): 29-40. [Journal Article]
  23. I. Lebron, M. D. Madsen, D. G. Chandler, D. A. Robinson, O. Wendroth, J. Belnap. 2006. Ecohydrological controls on soil moisture and hydraulic conductivity within a pinyon-juniper woodland. Water Resources Research. [Journal Article]
  24. B. J. Darby, D. C. Housman, A. M. Zaki, Y. Shamout, S. M. Adi, J. Belnap, D. A. Neher. 2006. Effects of altered temperature and precipitation on desert protozoa associated with biological soil crusts. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 53(6):507-514. [Journal Article]
  25. Belnap J. 2006. From the ground up: Biological soil crusts in the Sonoran Desert. In: W. Broyles and R. Felger, editors. Dry Borders: Great Natural Reserves of the Sonoran Desert: Salt Lake City, University of Utah Press. [Book Chapter]
  26. Barger, N.N., J.E. Herrick, J. VanZee, J. Belnap. 2006. Impacts of biological soil crust disturbance and composition on C and N loss from water erosion. Biogeochemistry 77(2): 247-263. [Journal Article]
  27. Housman, D.C., E. Naumburg, T.E. Huxman, T.N. Charlet, R.S. Nowak, and S.D. Smith. 2006. Increases in desert shrub productivity under elevated carbon dioxide vary with water availability. Ecosystems 9:374-385. [Journal Article]
  28. Belnap, Jayne. 2006. Meeting the Mission: The Interplay of Science and Management. Learning from the Land: Bureau of Land Management Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument Science Symposium, September 12-14 2006, Cedar City, Utah. [Training/Workshop]
  29. Hartley, A.E., N. Barger, J. Belnap, and G.S. Okin. 2006. Nutrient cycling in dryland ecosystems. in P. Marshner and Z. Rengel, editors. Nutrient cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. [Book Chapter]
  30. Belnap, J., S.L. Phillips, T. Troxler. 2006. Soil lichen and moss cover and species richness can be highly dynamic: The effects of invasion by the annual exotic grass Bromus tectorum and the effects of climate on biological soil crusts. Applied Soil Ecology 32:63-76. [Journal Article]
  31. Fernandez, D., Neff, J., Belnap, J., and Reynolds, R. 2006. Soil respiration in the cold desert environment of the Colorado Plateau (USA): Abiotic regulators and thresholds. Biogeochemistry 78(3)247-265. [Journal Article]
  32. Bowker, M. A, J. Belnap, M. E. Miller. 2006. Spatial modeling of biological soil crusts to support rangeland assessment and monitoring. Rangeland Ecology and Management 59(5):519-529. [Journal Article]
  33. Belnap, J. 2006. The potential roles of biological soil crusts in dryland hydrologic cycles. Hydrological Processes 20: 3159-3178. [Journal Article]
  34. Belnap J., O. Lange. 2005. Biological soil crusts and global changes: What does the future hold. In: J. Dighton, editor. The Fungal Community: Its Organization and Role in the Ecosystem Vol. 23: Boca Raton, Florida, Taylor & Francis Group, p. 697-712. [Book Chapter]
  35. Belnap J. 2005. Crusts: Biological. In: D. Hillel, editor. Encyclopedia of Soils in the Environment: London, Elsevier, p. 339-346. [Book Chapter]
  36. Belnap J. 2005. Cyanobacteria and algae. In: D. M. Sylvia, J. J. Fuhrmann, P. G. Hartel, and D. A. Zuberer, editors. Principles and Applications of Soil Microbiology: Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, Pearson Education, Inc., p. 162-180. [Book Chapter]
  37. Bowker, M.A., J. Belnap, D.W. Davidson, S.L. Phillips. 2005. Evidence for micronutrient limitation of biological soil crusts: Importance to arid-lands restoration. Ecological Applications 15(6): 1941-1951. [Journal Article]
  38. Belnap J., O. L. Lange. 2005. Lichens and microfungi in biological soil crusts: Community structure, physiology and ecological functions. In: J. Dighton, editor. The Fungal Community: Its Organization and Role in the Ecosystem Vol. 23: Boca Raton, Florida, Taylor & Francis Group, p.397-712. [Book Chapter]
  39. Belnap, J., J.R. Welter, N.B. Grimm, N.N. Barger, J.A. Ludwig. 2005. Linkages between microbial and hydrologic processes in arid and semi-arid watersheds. Ecology 86(2): 298-307. [Journal Article]
  40. Neff, J.C., R. Reynolds, J. Belnap, P. Lamothe. 2005. Multi-decadal impacts of grazing on soil physical and biogeochemical properties in Southeast Utah. Ecological Applications 15(1): 87-95. [Journal Article]
  41. Barger, N.N., J. Belnap, D. Ojima, A. Mosier. 2005. NO gas loss from biologically crusted soils in Canyonlands National Park, Utah. Biogeochemistry 75(3): 373-391. [Journal Article]
  42. Breshears, D.D., N.S. Cobb, P.M. Rich, K.P. Price, C.D. Allen, R.G. Balice, W.H. Romme, J.H. Kastens, M.L. Floyd, J. Belnap, J.J. Anderson, O.B. Myers, C.W. Meyer. 2005. Regional vegetation die-off in response to global-change-type drought. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 102(42): 15144-15148. [Journal Article]
  43. Johnson S. L., C. R. Budinoff, J. Belnap, F. Garcia-Pichel. 2005. Relevance of ammonium oxidation within biological soil crust communities. Environmental Microbiology 7(1):1-12. [Journal Article]
  44. Belnap, J., S.L. Phillips, S. Sherrod, A. Moldenke. 2005. Soil biota can change after exotic plant invasion: Does this affect ecosystem processes. Ecology 86(11): 3007-3017. [Journal Article]
  45. Loik M. E., D. D. Breshears, W. K. Laurenroth, J. Belnap. 2004. A multi-scale perspective of water pulses in dryland ecosystems: Climatology and ecohydrology of the western USA. Oecologia 141(2): p. 269-281. [Journal Article]
  46. Webb, R. H., J. Belnap, J. S. Weisheit. 2004. Cataract Canyon: A Human and Environmental History of the Rivers in Canyonlands. Salt Lake City, University of Utah Press, 268 pp. [Book]
  47. Barger, N.N., D. Ojima, J. Belnap, W. Shiping, W. Yanfen, and Z. Chen. 2004. Changes in plant functional groups, litter quality, and soil C and N mineralization with sheep grazing in an Inner Mongolian grassland. Journal of Range Management 57: 613-619. [Journal Article]
  48. Yeager C.M., J.L. Kornosky, D.C. Housman, E.E. Grote, J. Belnap, C.R. Kuske. 2004. Diazotrophic community structure and Function in two successional stages of biological soil crusts from the Colorado Plateau and Chihuahuan Desert. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70(2):973-983. [Journal Article]
  49. Belnap, J., S. L. Phillips and M. E. Miller. Oecologia 141(2): 306-316. 2004. Response of desert biological soil crusts to alterations in precipitation frequency. Oecologia 141(2): 306-316. [Journal Article]
  50. Austin A. T., M. L. Yahkjian, J. M. Stark, J. Belnap, A. Porporato, I. C. Burke, U. Norton, D. Ravetta, S. M. Shaeffer. 2004. Water pulses and biogeochemical cycles in arid and semiarid ecosystems. Oecologia 141(2): 221-235. [Journal Article]
  51. Bowker M. A., J. Belnap, R. Rosentreter, B. Graham. 2004. Wildfire-resistant biological soil crusts and fire-induced loss of soil stability in Palouse praries, USA. Applied Soil Ecology 26(1):41-52. [Journal Article]
  52. Strayer D. L., M. E. Power, W. F. Fagan, S. T. A. Pickett, J. Belnap. 2003. A classification of ecological boundaries. BioScience 53(8):723-729. [Journal Article]
  53. Belnap J., J. P. Lindsey. 2003. At the ground level: Fungi and mosses. In: M. L. Floyd, editor. Ancient Piñon-Juniper Woodlands: A Natural History of Mesa Verde Country: Boulder, Colorado, University Press of Colorado, pp.61-74. [Book Chapter]
  54. Belnap J., O. L. Lange. 2003. Biological Soil Crusts: Structure, Function, and Management. Ecological Studies Series 150, Second Edition. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 503 pp. [Book]
  55. Belnap J. 2003. Biological soil crusts and wind erosion. In: J. Belnap and O. L. Lange, editors. Biological Soil Crusts: Structure, Function, and Management, Ecological Studies Series 150, Second Edition. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp.339-347. [Book Chapter]
  56. Belnap J. 2003. Biological soil crusts in deserts: A short review of their role in soil fertility, stabilization, and water relations. Algological Studies 109:113-126. [Journal Article]
  57. Rosentreter R., J. Belnap. 2003. Biological soil crusts of North America. In: J. Belnap and O. L. Lange, editors. Biological Soil Crusts: Structure, Function, and Management. Ecological Studies Series 150, Second Edition. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp.31-50. [Book Chapter]
  58. Belnap J., B. Büdel, O. L. Lange. 2003. Biological soil crusts: Characteristics and distribution. In: J. Belnap and O. L. Lange, editors. Biological Soil Crusts: Structure, Function, and Management. Ecological Studies Series 150, Second Edition. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp.3-30. [Book Chapter]
  59. Belnap J., C. V. Hawkes, M. K. Firestone. 2003. Boundaries in miniature: Two examples from soil. BioScience 53(8):739-749. [Journal Article]
  60. Hanna D. D., T. B. Graham. 2003. Chapter 9, Reptiles and Amphibians of the Piñon-Juniper Woodlands. pp. 151-165. in L. Floyd-Hanna and D. Hanna (eds.), Ancient Piñon-Juniper Woodlands: a natural history of Mesa Verde Country, University Press of Colorado, Boulder, CO. [Book Chapter]
  61. Belnap J. 2003. Comparative structure of physical and biological soil crusts. In: J. Belnap and O. L. Lange, editors. Biological Soil Crusts: Structure, Function, and Management. Ecological Studies Series 150, Second Edition. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp.177-191. [Book Chapter]
  62. Duda J. J., D. C. Freeman, J. M. Emlen, J. Belnap, S. G. Kitchen, J. C. Zak, E. Sobek, M. Tracy, J. Montante. 2003. Differences in native soil ecology associated with invasion of the exotic annual chenopod, Halogeton glomeratus. Biology and Fertility of Soils 38(2):72-77. [Journal Article]
  63. Belnap J., D. Eldridge. 2003. Disturbance and recovery of biological soil crusts. In: J. Belnap and O. L. Lange, editors. Biological Soil Crusts: Structure, Function, and Management. Ecological Studies Series 150,Ecological Studies Series 150, Second Edition.Berlin, pp.363-383. [Book Chapter]
  64. Belnap J., S. K. Sherrod, M. E. Miller. 2003. Effects of soil amendments on germination and emergence of downy brome (Bromus tectorum) and Hilaria jamesii. Weed Science 51:371-378. [Journal Article]
  65. Garcia-Pichel F., J. Belnap, S. Neuer, F. Schanz. 2003. Estimates of global cyanobacterial biomass and its distribution. Algological Studies 109:213-227. [Journal Article]
  66. Jayne Belnap. 2003. Exotic annual grasses in western rangelands: Predicting resistance and resilience of native ecosystems invasion. Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program. [Publication]
  67. Belnap J. 2003. Factors influencing nitrogen fixation and nitrogen release in biological soil crusts. In: J. Belnap and O. L. Lange, editors. Biological Soil Crusts: Structure, Function, and Management. Ecological Studies Series 150, Second Edition. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp.241-261. [Book Chapter]
  68. Housman D.C., S.F. Zitzer, T.E. Huxman, S.D. Smith. 2003. Functional ecology of shrub seedlings after a natural recruitment event at the Nevada Desert FACE Facility. Global Change Biology 9:718-728. [Journal Article]
  69. Platenberg R., T.B. Persons, E.M. Nowak. 2003. Glen Canyon National Recreation Area herpetofauna inventory, 2003 annual report. Unpublished report to National Park Service. USGS Colorado Plateau Field Station, Flagstaff, Arizona. [Technical Report]
  70. Evans, R. D., J. Belnap, F. Garcia-Pichel and S. L. Phillips. 2003. Global change and the future of biological soil crusts. Pages 417-429 in J. Belnap and O. L. Lange, editors. Biological Soil Crusts: Structure, Function, and Management, Second edition. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. [Book Chapter]
  71. Evans R. D., J. Belnap, F. Garcia-Pichel, S. L. Phillips. 2003. Global change and the future of biological soil crusts. In: J. Belnap and O. L. Lange, editors. Biological Soil Crusts: Structure, Function, and Management. Ecological Studies Series 150, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp.417-429. [Book Chapter]
  72. Belnap J., R. Prasse, K. T. Harper. 2003. Influence of biological soil crusts on soil environments and vascular plants. In: J. Belnap and O. L. Lange, editors. Biological Soil Crusts: Structure, Function, and Management. Ecological Studies Series 150, Second Edition. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp.281-300. [Book Chapter]
  73. Clausnitzer, D., M. Huso, D. Pyke, J. Belnap, T. Graham, R.L. Sanford, S. Phillips. 2003. Interactions of cattle grazing and climate change: Hierarchical data analysis. In Proceedings of the VIIth International Rangelands Congress, 26th July-1st August 2003, Durban, South Africa. N. Allsopp, A. R. Palmer, S. J. Milton, K. P. Kirkman, G. I. H. Kerley and C. R. Hurt, Eds. Irene, South Africa, Document Transformation Technologies: 1062-1064. [Book Chapter]
  74. Belnap J. 2003. Magnificent microbes: Biological soil crusts in Piñon-Juniper communities. In: M. L. Floyd, editor. Ancient Piñon-Juniper Woodlands: A Natural History of Mesa Verde Country: Boulder, Colorado, University Press of Colorado, pp.75-88. [Book Chapter]
  75. Belnap, J. 2003. Microbes and microfauna associated with biological soil crusts. Pages 167-174 in J. Belnap and O. L. Lange, Eds. Biological Soil Crusts: Structure, Function, and Management, Ecological Studies Series 150, Second Editon. Berlin, Springer-Verlag. [Book Chapter]
  76. Platenberg R. J., T. B. Graham. 2003. Northern Colorado Plateau Herpetofauna Inventory 2002 Annual Report. Unpublished report to Northern Colorado Plateau Network, National Park Service. January 2003. [Technical Report]
  77. Naumburg E., D.C. Housman, T.E. Huxman, S.D. Smith. 2003. Photosynthetic responses of Mojave Desert shrubs to Free Air CO2 Enrichment are greatest during wet years. Global Change Biology 9:276-285. [Journal Article]
  78. Belnap J., O. L. Lange. 2003. Preface. In: J. Belnap and O. L. Lange, editors. Biological soil crusts: structure, function, and management. Ecological Studies Series 150, Second Edition. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp.v-ix. [Book Chapter]
  79. Sherrod S.K., J. Belnap, and M.E. Miller. 2003. Repeated use of ion-exchange resin membranes in calcareous soils. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 34(1&2): 13-21. [Journal Article]
  80. Gelbard J. L., J. Belnap. 2003. Roads as conduits for exotic plant invasions in a semiarid landscape. Conservation Biology 17(2):420-432. [Journal Article]
  81. Garcia-Pichel F., J. Belnap. 2003. Small-scale environments and distribution of biological soil crusts. In: J. Belnap and O. Lange, editors. Biological Soil Crusts: Structure, Function, and Management. Ecological Studies Series 150, Second Edition. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp.193-201. [Book Chapter]
  82. Garcia-Pichel F., S. L. Johnson, D. Youngkin, J. Belnap. 2003. Small-scale vertical distribution of bacterial biomass and diversity in biological soil crusts from arid lands in the Colorado Plateau. Microbial Ecology 46(3):312-321. [Journal Article]
  83. Bashkin M., T. J. Stohlgren, Y. Otsuki, M. Lee, P. Evangelista, J. Belnap. 2003. Soil characteristics and plant exotic species invasions in the Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument, Utah, USA. Applied Soil Ecology 22(1):67-77. [Journal Article]
  84. Belnap J., S. L. Phillips, M. Duniway, R. Reynolds. 2003. Soil fertility in deserts: A review on the influence of biological soil crusts and the effect of soil surface disturbance on nutrient inputs and losses. In: A. S. Alsharhan, W. W. Wood, A. Goudie, A. R. Fowler, and E. M. Abdellatif, editors. Desertification in the Third Millennium: Lisse, The Netherlands, Swets & Zeitlinger (Balkema), pp.245-252. [Book Chapter]
  85. Belnap J., O. L. Lange. 2003. Structure and functioning of biological soil crusts: A synthesis. In: J. Belnap and O. L. Lange, editors. Biological Soil Crusts: Structure, Function, and Management. Ecological Studies Series 150, Second Edition. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp.471-479. [Book Chapter]
  86. Belnap J. 2003. The world at your feet: Desert biological soil crusts. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 1(5):181-189. [Journal Article]
  87. Housman D.C., M.V. Price, R.A. Redak. 2002. Architecture of coastal and desert Encelia farinosa (Asteraceae): consequences of plastic and heritable variation in leaf characters. American Journal of Botany 89:203-208. [Journal Article]
  88. Belnap J. 2002. Biological soil crusts of Arabian sabkhat. In: H.-J. Barth and B. Böer, editors. Sabkha Ecosystems. Volume 1: The Arabian Peninsula and Adjacent Countries. Tasks for Vegetation Science Vol. 36, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, pp.227-237. [Book Chapter]
  89. Belnap, J. 2002. Biological soil crusts: Webs of life in the desert. (Online). US Geological Survey Fact Sheet No. FS-065-01. Moab, Utah, US Geological Survey. http://fresc.usgs.gov/products/fs/fs-065-01.pdf. [Fact Sheet]
  90. Redfield E., S. M. Barns, J. Belnap, L. L. Daane, C. R. Kuske. 2002. Comparative diversity and composition of cyanobacteria in three predominant soil crusts of the Colorado Plateau. FEMS Microbiology Ecology 40(1):55-63. [Journal Article]
  91. Brooks, R. J., Buchmann, N., Phillips, S., Ehleringer, B., Evans, R. D., Lott, M., Martinelli, L. A., Pockman, W. T., Sandquist, D., Sparks, J. P., Sperry, L., Williams, D., Ehleringer, J. R. 2002. Heavy and light beer: A carbon isotope approach to detect C4 carbon in beers of different origins, styles and prices. Agricultural and Food Chemistry 50:6413-6418. [Journal Article]
  92. Belnap J. 2002. Impacts of off-road vehicles on nitrogen cycles in biological soil crusts: resistance in different U.S. deserts. Journal of Arid Environments 52(2):155-165. [Journal Article]
  93. Belnap J. 2002. Nitrogen fixation in biological soil crusts from southeast Utah, USA. Biology and Fertility of Soils 35(2):128-135. [Journal Article]
  94. Graham, Tim and Renata Platenberg. 2002. Northern Colorado Plateau Herpetofauna Inventory 2001 Annual Report. Northern Colorado Plateau Network Herpetofauna Inventory. [Technical Report]
  95. Belnap J., S. D. Warren. 2002. Patton's tracks in the Mojave Desert, USA: An ecological legacy. Arid Land Research and Management 16(3):245-258. [Journal Article]
  96. Graham Tim B. 2002. Survey of ephemeral pool invertebrates at Wupatki NM: an evaluation of the significance of constructed impoundments as habitat. Hydrobiologia 486:215-224. [Journal Article]
  97. Bowker M., S. C. Reed, J. Belnap, S. Phillips. 2002. Temporal variation in community composition, pigmentation, and Fv /Fm of desert cyanobacterial soil crusts. Microbial Ecology 43(1):13-25. [Journal Article]
  98. Davidson D. W., M. Bowker, D. George, S. L. Phillips, J. Belnap. 2002. Treatment effects on performance of N-fixing lichens in disturbed soil crusts of the Colorado Plateau. Ecological Applications 12(5):1391-1405. [Journal Article]
  99. Reynolds R., J. Belnap, M. Reheis, P. Lamothe, F. Luiszer. 2001. Aeolian dust in Colorado Plateau soils: Nutrient inputs and recent change in source. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 98(13):7123-7127. [Proceedings]
  100. Belnap, J. and O. L. Lange, editors. 2001. Biological Soil Crusts: Structure, Function, and Management. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 503 pp. [Book]
  101. Belnap, J. 2001. Biological soil crusts and wind erosion. Pages 339-347 in J. Belnap and O. L. Lange, editors. Biological Soil Crusts: Structure, Function, and Management. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. [Book Chapter]
  102. Rosentreter, R. and J. Belnap. 2001. Biological soil crusts of North America. Pages 31-50 in J. Belnap and O. L. Lange, editors. Biological Soil Crusts: Structure, Function, and Management. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. [Book Chapter]
  103. Belnap, J., B. Büdel and O. L. Lange. 2001. Biological soil crusts: Characteristics and distribution. Pages 3-30 in J. Belnap and O. L. Lange, editors. Biological Soil Crusts: Structure, Function, and Management. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. [Book Chapter]
  104. Belnap J., J. H. Kaltenecker, R. Rosentreter, J. Williams, S. Leonard, D. Eldridge. 2001. Biological soil crusts: Ecology and management. In: P. Peterson, editor. January 2001. US Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, US Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, Denver, Colorado. BLM Technical Reference 1730-2, 110 p. [Technical Report]
  105. Belnap, J. 2001. Comparative structure of physical and biological soil crusts. Pages 177-191 in J. Belnap and O. L. Lange, editors. Biological Soil Crusts: Structure, Function, and Management. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. [Book Chapter]
  106. Miller M., J. Belnap, S. Beatty, B. Webb. 2001. Components of spatial and temporal soil variation at Canyonlands National Park: implications for P dynamics and cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) performance. In. E. D. McArthur and D. J. Fairbanks, Eds. 11th Wildland Shrub Synposium: Shrubland Ecosystem Genetics and Biodiversity, June 13-15, 2000, Provo, UT, Proceedings RMRS-P-21. Ogden, Utah, US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, pp. 154-162. [Proceedings]
  107. Belnap, J. and D. Eldridge. 2001. Disturbance and recovery of biological soil crusts. Pages 363-383 in J. Belnap and O. L. Lange, editors. Biological Soil Crusts: Structure, Function, and Management. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. [Book Chapter]
  108. Evans R. D., R. Rimer, L. Sperry, J. Belnap. 2001. Exotic plant invasion alters nitrogen dynamics in an arid grassland. Ecological Applications 11(5):1301-1310. [Journal Article]
  109. Belnap, J. 2001. Factors influencing nitrogen fixation and nitrogen release in biological soil crusts. Pages 241-261 in J. Belnap and O. L. Lange, editors. Biological Soil Crusts: Structure, Function, and Management. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. [Book Chapter]
  110. Evans, R. D., J. Belnap, F. Garcia-Pichel and S. L. Phillips. 2001. Global change and the future of biological soil crusts. Evans, R. D., J. Belnap, F. Garcia-Pichel and S. L. Phillips. (2001). Global change and the future of biological soil crusts. Pages 417-429 in J. Belnap and O. L. Lange, editors. Biological Soil Crusts: Structure, Function, and Management. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. [Book Chapter]
  111. Belnap, J., R. Prasse and K. T. Harper. 2001. Influence of biological soil crusts on soil environments and vascular plants. Pages 281-300 in J. Belnap and O. L. Lange, editors. Biological Soil Crusts: Structure, Function, and Management. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. [Book Chapter]
  112. Belnap, J. 2001. Microbes and microfauna associated with biological soil crusts. Pages 167-174 in J. Belnap and O. L. Lange, editors. Biological Soil Crusts: Structure, Function, and Management. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. [Book Chapter]
  113. Graham Tim B., R. J. Platenberg. 2001. Northern Colorado Plateau Herpetofauna Inventory 2001 Annual Report. Unpublished report to Northern Colorado Plateau Network, National Park Service. January 2002. [Technical Report]
  114. Stohlgren T. J., Y. Otsuki, C. A. Villa, M. Lee, J. Belnap. 2001. Patterns of plant invasions: A case example in native species hotspots and rare habitats. Biological Invasions 3(1):37-50. [Journal Article]
  115. Belnap, J. and O. L. Lange. 2001. Preface. Pages v-ix in J. Belnap and O. L. Lange, editors. Biological Soil Crusts: Structure, Function, and Management. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. [Book Chapter]
  116. Belnap J. 2001. Revised www.soilcrust.org. [Web Page]
  117. Garcia-Pichel, F. and J. Belnap. 2001. Small-scale environments and distribution of biological soil crusts. Pages 193-201 in J. Belnap and O. Lange, editors. Biological Soil Crusts: Structure, Function, and Management. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. [Book Chapter]
  118. Belnap J., S. L. Phillips. 2001. Soil biota in an ungrazed grassland: Response to annual grass (Bromus tectorum) invasion. Ecological Applications 11(5):1261-1275. [Journal Article]
  119. Belnap, J. and O. L. Lange. 2001. Structure and functioning of biological soil crusts: A synthesis. Pages 471-479 in J. Belnap and O. L. Lange, editors. Biological Soil Crusts: Structure, Function, and Management. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. [Book Chapter]
  120. Graham T. B. 2001. The Knowles Canyon hanging garden, Glen Canyon National Recreation Area, eight years after burning: changes in vegetation and soil biota. submitted to Desert Springs Symposium Proceedings, to be published by University of Arizona Press, Jan. 2001. In press. [Book Chapter]
  121. Harper K., and J. Belnap. 2001. The influence of biological soil crusts on mineral uptake by associated vascular plants. Journal of Arid Environments 47(3):347-357. [Journal Article]
  122. Belnap J., R.L. Reynolds, M. Reheis, S.L. Phillips. 2001. What makes the desert bloom? The contribution of dust and crusts to soil fertility on the Colorado Plateau. in 11th Wild Shrubland Symposium: Shrubland Ecosystem Genetics and Biodiversity, June 13-15, 2000, Provo, Utah, US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, p. 147-153. [Abstract]
  123. Smith S.D., T.E. Huxman, S.F. Zitzer, T.N. Charlet, D.C. Housman, J.S. Coleman, L.K. enstermaker, R.S. Nowak, J.R. Seemann. 2000. Elevated CO2 increases productivity and invasive species success in an arid ecosystem. Nature 408:79-82. [Journal Article]
  124. Graham Tim B. 2000. Heat futures: the arid southwest United States. Earthwatch Institute Journal 2000 (November):28. [Journal Article]
  125. Belnap J. 2000. Structure and function of biological soil crusts. In: Proceedings: Sagebrush Steppe Ecosystems Symposium. June 23-25, 1999. Boise State University, Boise, Idaho. BLM Publication No. BLM/ID/PT-0001001+1150, pp.55-62. [Proceedings]
  126. Belnap J., D. Ojima, S. Phillips, N. Barger. 1999. Biological soil crusts of Mongolia: Impacts of grazing and precipitation on nitrogen inputs. In. D. Eldridge and D. Freudenberger, Eds. People and Rangelands: Building the Future: Proceedings of the VI International Rangeland Congress, July 17-23, 1999, Townsville, Queensland, Australia, Vol. 1, pp. 264-265. [Abstract]
  127. Carroll C. R., J. Belnap, B. Breckenridge, G. Meffe. 1999. Ecosystem sustainability and condition. In: W. T. Sexton, A. J. Malk, R. C. Szarzo, and N. C. Johnson, editors. Ecological stewardship: a common reference for ecosystem management. Elsevier Science, New York, pp.583-598. [Book Chapter]
  128. Ojima D., L. Tieszen, T. Chuluun, J. Belnap, J. Dodd, Z. Chen. 1999. Factors influencing production systems of the Mongolian Steppe: Potential global change impacts on semi-arid ecosystems. In: D. Eldridge and D. Freudenberger, editors. Proceedings: VI International Rangeland Congress, July 19-23, 1999. VI Internatioal Rangeland Congress, Inc., Townsville, Queensland, Australia, pp.264-265. [Book Chapter]
  129. Graham Tim B. 1999. Life in the fast pool. Plateau Journal 1999/2000 (Winter):29-45. [Journal Article]
  130. Evans R. D., and J. Belnap. 1999. Long-term consequences of disturbance on nitrogen dynamics in an arid ecosystem. Ecology 80(1):150-160. [Journal Article]
  131. Belnap J., J. Williams, J. Kaltenecker. 1999. Structure and function of biological soil crusts. In: R. T. Meurisse, W. G. Ypsilantis, and C. Seybold, editors. Proceedings: Pacific Northwest Forest & Rangeland Soil Organism Symposium. March 17-19, 1998. US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Corvallis, Oregon. General Technical Report PNW-GTR-461, pp.161-178. [Proceedings]
  132. Stohlgren T. J., J. Belnap, G. W. Chong, R. Reich. 1998. A plan to assess native and exotic plant diversity and cryptobiotic crusts in the Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument. In. L. M. Hill, Ed. Learning from the Land: Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument Science Symposium Proceedings, November 4-5, 1997, Southern Utah University, Cedar City, Utah, BLM Technical Report BLM/UT/GI-98/006+1220. Cedar City, Utah, pp. 269-276. [Proceedings]
  133. Phillips S.L., J.R. Ehleringer, D.R. Sandquist. 1998. Burning coal seams in the Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument: A natural system for studies of plant responses to elevated CO2. In: Proceedings, Science in the Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument. BLM Technical Report BLM/UT/GI-98/006+1220. [Technical Report]
  134. Belnap J. 1998. Choosing indicators of natural resource condition: A case study in Arches National Park, Utah, USA. Environmental Management 22(4):635-642. [Journal Article]
  135. Belnap J. 1998. Ecological resources of the Grand Staricase-Escalante National Monument. In: L. M. Hill, editor. Proceedings: Learning from the Land: Science in the Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument. November 4-5, 1997. US Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, Southern Utah University, Cedar City, Utah. BLM Technical Report BLM/UT/GI-98/006+1220, pp.17-25. [Proceedings]
  136. Reynolds R., J. Belnap, M. Reheis, N. Mazza. 1998. Eolian dust on the Colorado Plateau--magnetic and geochemical evidence from sediment in potholes and biologic soil crust. In: A. Busacca, S. Lilligren, and K. Newell, editors. Proceedings: Dust Aerosols, Loess, Soils, and Global Change: An Interdisciplinary Conference and Field Tour on Dust in Ancient Environments and Contemporary Environmental Managment, October 11-14, 1998. Washington State University, College of Agriculture and Home Economics, Seattle, Washington, pp.231-234. [Proceedings]
  137. Belnap J. 1998. Impacts of trampling soils in southeast Utah ecosystems. In. L. M. Hill, Ed. Learning from the Land: Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument Science Symposium Proceedings, November 4-5, 1997, Southern Utah University, Cedar City, Utah, BLM Technical Report BLM/UT/GI-98/006+1220, pp. 231-244. [Proceedings]
  138. Davidson D., J. Belnap. 1998. Non-native brome grasses in the new National Monument. In. L. M. Hill, Ed. Learning from the Land: Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument Science Symposium Proceedings, November 4-5, 1997, Southern Utah University, Cedar City, Utah, BLM Technical Report BLM/UT/GI-98/006+1220. Cedar City, Utah, pp. 161-172. [Proceedings]
  139. Lange O. L., J. Belnap, H. Reichenberger. 1998. Photosynthesis of the cyanobacterial soil-crust lichen Collema tenax from arid lands in southern Utah, USA: Role of water content on light and temperature responses of CO2 exchange. Functional Ecology 12(2):195-202. [Journal Article]
  140. Bogan M. A., C. D. Allen, E. H. Muldavin, S. P. Platania, J. N. Stuart, G. H. Farley, P. Mehlhop, J. Belnap. 1998. Southwest. In: M. J. Mac, P. A. Opler, C. E. Puckett-Haecker, and P. D. Doran, editors. Status and Trends of the Nation's Biological Resources. US Department of the Interior, US Geological Survey, Reston, VA, pp.543-592. [Book Chapter]
  141. Belnap J. 1998. The biota and ecology. In: R. B. Keiter, S. B. George, and J. Walker, editors. Visions of the Grand Staircase-Escalante: Examining Utah's Newest National Monument. Utah Museum of Natural History and Wallace Stegner Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, pp.21-30. [Book Chapter]
  142. Belnap J., D. A. Gillette. 1998. Vulnerability of desert biological soil crusts to wind erosion: The influences of crust development, soil texture, and disturbance. Journal of Arid Environments 39(2):133-142. [Journal Article]
  143. Norton R. A., T. B. Graham, G. Alberti. 1997. A rotifer-eating ameronothroid (Acari:Ameronothridae) mite from ephemeral pools on the Colorado Plateau. pp. 539-542. in R. Mitchell, C. J. Horn, G. R. Needham and W. C. Welbourn (eds.) Acarology IX, Proceedings (IXth Inter. Congress of Acarology). Ohio Biol. Survey, Columbus, OH. [Proceedings]
  144. Ehleringer J.R., D.R. Sandquist, S.L. Phillips. 1997. Burning coal seams in southern Utah: a natural system for studies of plant responses to elevated CO2. In: A. Raschi, F. Migleietta, R. Tugnetti and P. van Gardingen (eds), Plant responses to Elevated CO2: Evidence from Natural Springs. Cambridge Univ Press. pp 56-68. [Book Chapter]
  145. Graham Tim B. 1997. Climate change and ephemeral pool ecosystems: potholes and vernal pools as potential indicator systems. in Impacts of Climate Change and Land Use in the Southwestern United States. World Wide Web poster session. [Web Page]
  146. Belnap J. 1997. Cryptobiotic soils: Holding the place in place. U.S. Global Change Research Program: Impact of Climate Change and Land Use in the Southwestern United States, Web-based Workshop.http://geochange.er.usgs.gov/sw/impacts/biology/crypto/. [Journal Article]
  147. Belnap J., D. A. Gillette. 1997. Disturbance of biological soil crusts: Impacts on potential wind erodibility of sandy desert soils in southeastern Utah. Land Degradation and Development 8(4):355-362. [Journal Article]
  148. Tuhy J. S., T. B. Graham. 1997. Ecological characterization of the canyon country region: a basis for sustainable land management. pp. 277-285. in L. M. Hill. Learning from the land: Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument Science Symposium proceedings, Cedar City, UT, Bureau of Land Management, Utah State Office, BLM/UT/GI-98/006+1220. [Proceedings]
  149. Marticorena B., G. Bergametti, D. Gillette, J. Belnap. 1997. Factors controlling threshold friction velocity in semiarid and arid areas of the United States. Journal of Geophysical Research 102(D19):23,277-223,287. [Journal Article]
  150. Graham Tim B. 1997. Grasshopper communities in native and non-native grasslands of the Colorado Plateau: differences in density and species composition. Abstract, pp. 173-174. in L. M. Hill. Learning from the land: Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument Science Symposium proceedings, Cedar City, UT, Bureau of Land Management, Utah State Office, BLM/UT/GI-98/006+1220. [Abstract]
  151. Lange O. L., J. Belnap, H. Reichenberger, A. Meyer. 1997. Photosynthesis of green algal soil crust lichens from arid lands in southern Utah, USA: Role of water content on light and temperature responses of CO2 exchange. Flora 192:1-15. [Journal Article]
  152. Graham Tim B., B. B. Chomel. 1997. Population dynamics of the deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus) and Sin Nombre Virus, California Channel Islands. emerging Infectious Diseases 3:367-370. [Journal Article]
  153. Johnston R. L., J. Belnap. 1997. Potential for influencing native bunchgrass restoration by manipulating soil biota. In. T. N. Kaye, A. Liston, R.M. Love, D. L. Luoma, R. J. Meinke and M. B. Wilson, Eds. Conservation and Management of Native Plants and Fungi. Corvalis, Native Plant Society of Oregon, pp. 99-104. [Book Chapter]
  154. Graham Tim B. 1997. Reptiles. in Califorcia, Chapter 18 (S.D. Veirs, Jr. and P.A. Opler), in M.J. Mac, P.A. Opler, CE. Puckett Haecker, and P.D. Doran (eds.) Status and trends of the nation's biological resources, U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, Washington D.C. [Book Chapter]
  155. Graham Tim B. 1997. The Knowles Cañon hanging garden, Glen Canyon National Recreation Area, five years after burning: vegetation and soil biota patterns. pp. 173-190 in C. van Riper III and E. T. Deshler (eds. ) Proceedings of 3rd Biennial Conference of Research on the Colorado Plateau, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ. [Proceedings]
  156. Graham Tim B., R. A. Norton. 1997. Uncharismatic microfauna of the Colorado Plateau: notes on distribution and ecology of an undescribed pothole-dwelling ameronothroid (Acari:Ameronothridae) mite. pp. 477-483. in L. M. Hill. Learning from the land: Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument Science Symposium proceedings, Cedar City, UT, Bureau of Land Management, Utah State Office, BLM/UT/GI-98/006+1220. [Proceedings]
  157. Belnap J., R. L. Sanford, L. Lungu. 1996. Biological soil crusts: Ecological roles and response to fire in Miombo woodlands of Zimbabwe. Transactions of the Zimbabwe Scientific Association 70:14-20. [Journal Article]
  158. Phillips S. L. 1996. Comparative water use patterns of Quercus gambelii and Acer grandidentatum in Red Butte Canyon, Utah. MS Thesis, University of Utah. [Thesis/Dissertation]
  159. Steppe T. F., J. B. Olson, H. W. Paerl, R. W. Litaker, J. Belnap. 1996. Consortial N2 fixation: A strategy for meeting nitrogen requirements of marine and terrestrial cyanobacterial mats. FEMS Microbiology Ecology 21(3):149-156. [Journal Article]
  160. DeFalco L., J. Belnap, K. Harper, S. Warren. 1996. Cryptobiotic crusts and their influence on annual plants and the desert tortoise. In: B. Bartholomew, editor. Desert Tortoise Council: Proceedings of the Twenty-first Annual Symposium, March 29-31, 1996, Las Vegas, NV, pp.43-44. [Abstract]
  161. Ehleringer J. R., S.L. Phillips. 1996. Ecophysiological factors contributing to the distributions of several Quercus species in the Intermountain West. Ann For. Sci. 53:291-302. [Journal Article]
  162. Belnap J. 1996. Impact of soil surface disturbance on cyanobacterial-lichen soil crusts in deserts of the southwest United States. In: B. Bartholomew, editor. Desert Tortoise Council: Proceedings of the Twenty-first Annual Symposium, March 29-31, 1996, Las Vegas, NV, pp.42-43. [Abstract]
  163. Belnap J. 1996. Impacts of soil surface trampling: A case study in Arches National Park. In: B. Bartholomew, editor. Desert Tortoise Council: Proceedings of the Twenty-first Annual Symposium, March 29-31, 1996, Las Vegas, NV, pp.44. [Abstract]
  164. Garcia-Pichel F., J. Belnap. 1996. Microenvironments and microscale productivity of cyanobacterial desert crusts. Journal of Phycology 32(5):774-782. [Journal Article]
  165. Lin G., S.L. Phillips, J.R. Ehleringer. 1996. Monsoonal precipitation responses of shrubs in a cold deser community on the Colorado Plateau. Oecologia 106:8-17. [Journal Article]
  166. Johnston R., J. Belnap. 1996. Soil biota changes along a disturbance gradient: Impacts on vegetation composition and prospects for restoration. In: B. Bartholomew, editor. Desert Tortoise Council: Proceedings of the Twenty-first Annual Symposium, March 29-31, 1996, Las Vegas, NV, pp.33-34. [Abstract]
  167. Belnap J. 1996. Soil surface disturbances in cold deserts: Effects on nitrogenase activity in cyanobacterial-lichen soil crusts. Biology and Fertility of Soils 23:362-367. [Journal Article]
  168. Campbell L. A., T. B. Graham, L. P. Thibault, P. A. Stine. 1996. The arroyo toad (Bufo microscaphus californicus): ecology, threats, and research needs. Technical Report NBS/CSC-96-01. California Science Center, National Biological Service, University of California, Davis, CA. [Technical Report]
  169. Belnap J. 1995. Genetic integrity: Why do we care? An overview of the issues. In: B. A. Roundy, E. D. McArthur, J. S. Haley, and D. K. Mann, editors. Proceedings: Wildland Shrub and Arid Land Restoration Symposium. October 19-21 1993. US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station, Las Vegas, Nevada. General Technical Report INT-GTR-315, pp.265-266. [Book Chapter]
  170. Belnap J., K. T. Harper. 1995. Influence of cryptobiotic soil crusts on elemental content of tissue of two desert seed plants. Arid Soil Research and Rehabilitation 9:107-115. [Journal Article]
  171. Phillips S. L., J.R. Ehleringer. 1995. Limited uptake of summer precipitation by bigtooth maple (Acer grandidentatum Nutt.) and Gambel's oak (Quercus gambelii Nutt.). Trees 9:214-219. [Journal Article]
  172. Graham Tim B., R. W. Meyer. 1995. Observations of a Great blue Heron rookery: changes in nesting effort over six years. pp. 285-292 in C. van riper III (ed.), Proceedings 2nd Biennial Conference on Research in the Colorado Plateau Parks, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ. [Proceedings]
  173. Belnap J. 1995. Recovery of nitrogenase activity in cyanobacterial-lichen soils crusts of the Great Basin and the Colorado Plateau. In. The Transdisciplinary Nature of Ecology: 80th Annual Ecological Society of America Meeting, July 2-August 3 1995, Snowbird, UT, Ecological Society of America. 76(2), pp. 18-19. [Book Chapter]
  174. Belnap J., S. Sharpe. 1995. Reestablishing cold-desert grasslands: A seeding experiment in Canyonlands National Park, Utah. In: B. A. Roundy, E. D. McArthur, J. S. Haley, and D. K. Mann, editors. Proceedings: Wildland Shrub and Arid Land Restoration Symposium. October 19-21, 1993. US Department of Agriculture, National Forest Service Intermountain Research Station, Las Vegas, NV. USDA General Technical Report INT-GTR-315, pp.46-51. [Proceedings]
  175. Belnap J. 1995. Surface disturbances: Their role in accelerating desertification. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 37:39-57. [Journal Article]
  176. Graham Tim B. 1995. Sympatric occurrence of Eubranchiopoda in ephemeral pools: a comment. American Midland Naturalist 133:371-372. [Journal Article]
  177. Graham Tim B., T. Persons, W. Schaedla, D. Moore. 1995. Temperature patterns of rattlesnakes (Crotalus viridis) at natural Bridges National Monument, Utah. pp. 255-274 in C. van Riper III (ed.), Proceedings of 2nd Biennial Conference on Research in the Colorado Plateau Parks, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ. [Proceedings]
  178. Rutman S., J. Belnap. 1995. The hidden world of cryptobiotic soil "Don't Tread on Me". Arizona Conservation Voter 3(4):10. [Journal Article]
  179. Belnap, Jayne. 1994. Cryptobiotic soil crusts: Basis for arid land restoration (Utah). Restoration and Management Notes 12(1): 85-86. [Journal Article]
  180. Belnap J. 1994. Cyanobacterial-lichen soil crusts of San Nicolas Island. In: W. L. Halvorson and G. J. Maender, editors. Proceedings: The Fourth California Islands Symposium: Update on the status of Resources, Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara, CA, pp.491-495. [Proceedings]
  181. Flanagan L. B., S.L. Phillips, J.R. Ehleringer, J. Lloyd, G.D. Farquhar. 1994. Effect of changes in leaf water oxygen isotopic changes on discrimination against C18O16O during photosynthetic gas exchange. Aust. J. Plant Phys. 21:221-234. [Journal Article]
  182. Hof M., J. Hammett, M. Rees, J. Belnap, N. Poe, D. W. Lime, B. Manning. 1994. Getting a handle on visitor carrying capacity - a pilot project at Arches National Park. Park Science 14(1):11-13. [Journal Article]
  183. Schuster W. S. F., D.R. Sandquist, S.L. Phillips, J.R. Ehleringer. 1994. High levels of genetic variation in populations of four dominant aridland plant species in Arizona. J. of arid Environ. 27:159-167. [Journal Article]
  184. Belnap J. 1994. Potential role of cryptobiotic soil crusts in semiarid rangelands. In: S. B. Monsen and S. G. Kitchen, editors. Proceedings: Symposium on Ecology, Management, and Restoration of Intermountain Annual Rangelands, May 18-22, 1992, Boise, ID, General Technical Report INT-GTR-313, pp.179-185. [Proceedings]
  185. Graham Tim B. 1994. Predation by dipteran larvae on fairy shrimp (Crustacea:Anostraca) in Utah rock pools. Southwestern Naturalist 39:206-207. [Journal Article]
  186. Belnap J., K. T. Harper, S. D. Warren. 1994. Surface disturbance of cryptobiotic soil crusts: Nitrogenase activity, chlorophyll content, and chlorophyll degradation. Arid Soil Research and Rehabilitation 8:1-8. [Journal Article]
  187. Gladney E. S., T. B. Graham, R. W. Ferenbaugh, M. G. Bell, C. E. Burns, J. D. Morgan, E. J. Nickell. 1993. Chemical Analysis of selected pothole water sources in Southwestern National Parks, Monuments, and Recreation Areas. Los Alamos National Laboratory Technical Report LA-12605-MS. [Technical Report]
  188. Sandquist, D. R., Schuster, W. S. F., Donovan, L. A., Phillips, S. L., Ehleringer, J. R. 1993. Differences in carbon isotope discrimination between seedlings and adults of southwestern desert perennial plants. Southwestern nat. 38(3):212-217. [Journal Article]
  189. Gladney E. S., R. W. Ferenbaugh, J. Belnap. 1993. Elemental composition of background soils from Arches National Park, Utah. Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico. 20 pp. [Book]
  190. Graham, Tim B. 1993. Establishment of Cora ramosissima seedlings: impacts of substrate, seedling dispersion,. [Other]
  191. Belnap J., L. Sigal, W. Moir, S. Eversman. 1993. Identification of sensitive species. In: Lichens as bioindicators of air quality. USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, Colorado. USDA General Technical Report GTR-RM-224, pp.67-88. [Technical Report]
  192. Belnap J. 1993. Recovery rates of cryptobiotic crusts: Inoculant use and assessment methods. Great Basin Naturalist 53(1):89-95. [Journal Article]
  193. Halvorson W. L., S. Veirs, B. Shaw, D. Meko, J. McAuliffe, R. Hiebert, E. Betterton, J. Belnap. 1993. Review of the air quality biological effects research program, Saguaro National Monument, Arizona. In: Saguaro National Monument Air Quality Biological Effects Research Review Panel. US Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Western Region Cooperative National Park Resources Studies Unit, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona. National Park Service Technical Report NPS/WRUA/NRTR-93/09 (CPSU/UA No. 49), pp.34. [Technical Report]
  194. Belnap J., J. S. Gardner. 1993. Soil microstructure in soils of the Colorado Plateau: The role of the cyanobacterium Microcoleus vaginatus. Great Basin Naturalist 53(1):40-47. [Journal Article]
  195. Belnap J. 1992. Characteristics of cyanobacterial-lichen soil crusts in long-term saguaro monitoring plots. In: C. P. Stone and E. S. Bellantoni, editors. Proceedings of the Symposium on Research in Saguaro National Monument, 23-24 January 1991. National Park Service, Rincon Institute, and Southwest Parks and Monuments Association, Tucson, Arizona, pp.259-262. [Proceedings]
  196. Schuster W. S. F., D.R. Sandquist, S.L. Phillips, J.R. Ehleringer. 1992. Comparisons of carbon isotope discrimination in populations of aridland plant species differing in lifespan. Oecologia 91:332-337. [Journal Article]
  197. Graham Tim B. 1992. Ecology of potholes on the Colorado Plateau: sensitivity of pothole communities and ecosystems to acid deposition. Colorado Plateau 2(1):1&8. [Newsletter]
  198. Schuster W. S. F., S.L. Phillips, D.R. Sandquist, J.R. Ehleringer. 1992. Heritability of carbon isotope discrimination in Gutierrezia microcephala (Asteraceae). Amer. J. Bot. 79(2):216-221. [Journal Article]
  199. Ehleringer J. R., Phillips S. L., Comstock J. P. 1992. Seasonal variation in the carbon isotopic composition of desert plants. Functional Ecology 6:396-404. [Journal Article]
  200. Graham Tim B. 1991. Air Pollution and desert systems at risk: the susceptibility of pothole ecosystems on the Colorado Plateau to acid deposition. pp. 102-111 in D. Mangis, J. Baron, and K. Stolte (eds.) Acid rain and air pollution in desert parks, Proceedings of a workshop, May 1988 and management recommendations. Tech. Rep. NPS/NRAQD/NRTR-91/02. [Technical Report]
  201. Ehleringer J. R., S. L. Phillips, W.S.F. Schuster, D.R. Sandquist. 1991. Differential utilization of summer rains by desert plants. Oecologia 88(3): 430-434. [Journal Article]
  202. Graham Tim B. 1991. Ecology of potholes on the Colorado Plateau: observations on community structure and ecosystem processes. Colorado Plateau 1(1):2&5. [Newsletter]
  203. Belnap J. 1991. Effects of wet and dry pollutants on the physiology and elemental accumulation of cryptogamic crusts and selected lichens of the Colorado Plateau. National Park Service, Air Quality Division Final Report: Denver, CO, 45 p. [Technical Report]
  204. Belnap J. 1991. Sensitivity of desert cryptogams to air pollutants: soil crusts and rock lichens. In: D. Mangis, J. Baron, and K. Stolte, editors. Acid Rain and Air Pollution in Desert Park Areas, USDI, National Park Service Technical Report NPS/NRAQD/NRTR-91/02, Proceeding of a Workshop, May 16-18, 1988. Tucson, Arizona, pp.112-119. [Proceedings]
  205. Graham Tim B. 1991. Western rattlesnake ecology at Natural Bridges National Monument, Utah. Park Science. 11:10-11. [Journal Article]
  206. Belnap J., and K.T. Harper. 1990. Effects of a coal-fired power plant on the rock lichen Rhizoplaca melanophthalma: Chlorophyll degradation and electrolyte leakeage. The Bryologist 93(3): 309-312. [Journal Article]
  207. Graham T. B. 1990. Effects of acid deposition on the Colorado Plateau: acidification of potholes near Arches National Park, Utah. Paper presented at George Wright Society 1990 Conference, El Paso, TX, and at 1st Biennial Conference on Research in the Colorado Plateau Parks, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ. [Presentation]
  208. Belnap J. 1990. Effects of air pollutants on cold-desert cyanobacterial-lichen crusts and rock lichens: Chlorophyll degradation, electrolyte leakage and nitrogenase activity. In: Proceedings: Measurement of Toxic and Related Air Pollutants: Environmental Protection Agency/Air & Waste Management Association International Symposium, April 30-May 4, Raleigh, NC, pp.661-666. [Proceedings]
  209. Belnap J. 1990. Microbiotic crusts: Their role in past and present ecosystems. Park Science: A Resource Management Bulletin 10(3):3-4. [Journal Article]
  210. Belnap J. 1990. Microphytic crusts: 'Topsoil' of the desert. Permaculture Drylands Journal(10):4, 5, 14. [Journal Article]
  211. Pollak O., S.L. Phillips, K. Shaw, L. Herger. 1988. Procedures manual for plant community dynamics subproject. Long-Term Ecological Research Data Report 88/1, Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, Boulder, CO. [Book Chapter]