Websites

An Evaluation Framework for Community Health Programs The Center for Advancement of Community Based Public Health (CBPH) produced an adapted version of the framework entitled An Evaluation Framework for Community Health Programs. This is a public document that can be shared without restriction. This version was developed to provide a practical tool for engaging community stakeholders in program evaluation activities. Access An Evaluation Framework for Community Health Programs at http://www.cdc.gov/eval/evalcbph.pdf (PDF 1,253K).

Community Toolbox For information on ways to "promote community health and development by connecting people, ideas, and resources" and to look at examples of evaluation in actual projects, access the Community Toolbox at http://ctb.ku.edu* Best Practices Home Page. This searchable database contains over 1,000 proven solutions from more than 120 countries to the common social, economic and environmental problems of an urbanizing world. It demonstrates the practical ways in which communities, governments, and the private sector are working together to improve governance, eradicate poverty, provide access to shelter, land and basic services, protect the environment and support economic development.

Evaluation Resources For further information about evaluation or assistance in conducting an evaluation project, CDC includes a resources section in their evaluation site. It provides links to a variety of sites which provide information about: Ethics, Principles, and Standards; Organizations, Societies, Foundations, Association; Journals and On-Line Publications; Step-by-Step Manuals; Logic Model Resources; Planning and Performance Improvement Tools; etc. To access CDC’s Evaluation Resource links, log on to http://www.cdc.gov/eval/resources.htm.

Framework for Program Evaluation in Public Health The Framework for Program Evaluation in Public Health was developed to summarize and organize the essential elements of program evaluations; provide a framework for conducting effective program evaluations; clarify the steps in program evaluation; review standards for effective program evaluation; and address misconceptions regarding the purpose and methods of program evaluation. The program evaluation standards are an approved standard by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) and have been endorsed by the American Evaluation Association and 14 other professional organizations. The suggested citation for this publication is: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Framework for program evaluation in public health. MMWR 1999;48(No.RR-11): [inclusive page numbers].You may access the Framework for Program Evaluation in Public Health at http://www.cdc.gov/eval/framework.htm.

Healthy People 2010 Toolkit You can access the partnership section of Healthy People 2010 Toolkit at http://www.health.gov/healthypeople/state/toolkit/partners.htm.

Office of Human Subjects Research Protections Ethical issues are embedded in all facets of intervention. Any attempt to intervene, even with the best of intentions, carries with it ethical decisions and moral dilemmas. For information regarding ethical issues, begin with the DHHS’s Office for Human Research Protections (OHRP) which is located at http://www.hhs.gov/ohrp/.

Planned Approach to Community Health (PATCH) The Planned Approach to Community Health (PATCH), developed by the CDC and its partners, is widely recognized as an effective model for planning, conducting, and evaluating community health promotion and disease prevention programs. It is used by diverse communities in the United States and several nations to address a variety of health concerns such as cardiovascular disease, HIV, Injuries, teen pregnancy, and access to health care. The PATCH Guide contains "how to" information on the process, things to consider when adapting the process to your community, and sample overheads and handout materials. You’ll find PATCH at http://wonder.cdc.gov/wonder/prevguid/p0000064/p0000064.asp.

Precede-Proceed Model The goals of the Precede-Proceed Model of health promotion program are to explain health-related behaviors and to design and evaluate the intervention designated to influence both the behaviors and the living conditions that influence them and their sequelae. This model has been applied, tested, studied, extended and verified in hundreds of published studies and thousands of unpublished projects in community, schools, clinical, and workplace settings over the last decade. To access further information about Precede-Proceed go to http://hsc.usf.edu/~kmbrown/PRECEDE_PROCEED_Overview.htm. *

Other Website

American National Standards Institute (ANSI) http://www.ansi.org/ *

Evaluating Comprehensive Community Initiatives http://ctb.ku.edu/tools/en/chapter_1036.htm *

W.K. Kellogg Foundation (includes evaluation documents) http://www.wkkf.org/ *

University of Wisconsin Extension http://www.uwex.edu/ *

Documents

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Here are several examples of evaluation pieces:

• Cost_Evaluation.pdf (PDF 572K)
• Cost_Eval_Components.pdf (PDF 72K)
• Data_Analysis_Plan.pdf (PDF 112K)
• Del_Imp_Eval_Components.pdf (PDF 70K)
• Effects_Eval_Components.pdf (PDF 69K)
• Evaluation_Guide.pdf (PDF 949K)
• Evaluation_Plan.pdf (PDF 99K)
• Exp_Reach_Eval_Components.pdf (PDF 59K)

Evaluation Article: Theory-Based Evaluation.htm

Issues in Evaluating Mass Media-Based Health Communication Campaigns Eval_Media_Campaign_WHO.pdf (PDF 456K)

Program Evaluation Manual Prog_Eval_Manual.pdf (PDF 2,812K)

Tools for Research Tools_for_Research_Text.pdf (PDF 142K)

Bibliography

Connell JP, Kubisch AC, Schorr LB, Weiss, CH. New Approaches to Evaluating Community Initiatives, New York, NY: Aspen Institute, 1995.

Fawcett SB, Paine-Andrews A, Francisco VT, Schulz J, Ritchter KP, et al. Evaluating community initiatives for health and development. In Evaluating Health Promotion Approaches, edited by I Rootman and D McQueen. Copenhagen, Denmark: World Health Organization -- in press.

Fawcett SB, Sterling TD, Paine Andrews A, Harris KJ, Francisco VT, et al. Evaluating Community Efforts to Prevent Cardiovascular Diseases. Atlanta, GA, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, 1995.

Fetterman DM, Kaftarian SJ, Wandersman A. Empowerment Evaluation: knowledge and Tools for Self-assessment and Accountability. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 1996.

Herman, JL, Morris, LL, Fitz-Gibbon, CT (1987); Patton, M.Q. (1990) Crabtree BF, Miller WL (1992) Doing Qualitative Research. Joint Committee on Standards for Educational Evaluation. Program evaluation standards: how to assess evaluations of educational programs. 2^nd ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 1994.

Patton MQ, Utilization-focused Evaluation. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 1997 .Rossi PH, Freeman HE, Lipsey MW. Evaluation: A Systematic Approach. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publication Shadish WR, Cook TD, Leviton LC. Foundations of Program Evaluation. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications, 1991.

Taylor-Powell E, Steele S, Douglas M. Planning a program evaluation. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Cooperative Extension, 1996. University of Toronto, Health Communication Unit at the Center for Health Promotion, Evaluating Health Promotion Programs.

References for Evaluation

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (1999). Framework for Program Evaluation in Public Health. MMWR, 48(RR-11), 1-40.

Cullen,K.C., Baranowski,T., Rittenberry,l., & Olivera,N. (2000). Social-environmental influences on children's diet: results from focus groups with African-, Euro-, and Mexican-American children and their parents. Health Education Research, 15(5), 581-590.

Baranowski,T., Davis,M., Resnicow,K., Baranoswki,J., Doyle,C., Lin,L., Smith,M., & Wang,D. (2000). Gimme 5 fruit, juice, and vegetables for fun and health: Outcome evaluation. Health Education & Behavior, 27(1), 96-111.

Baranowski,T., Lin,L., Wetter,D., Resnicow,K., & Hearn,M.D. (1997). Theory as mediating variables: Why aren't community interventions working as desired? Annals of Epidemiology, S7, S89-S95 Broughton, W. (1991). Qualitative methods in program evaluation. American Journal of Health Promotion, 5(5), 346-354 .Broughton, W. (1991). Reporting evaluation results. American Journal of Health Promotion, 6(2), 138-143.

Brownell,K.D., Stunkard,A., & Albaum,J.M. (1980). Evaluation and modification of exercise patterns in the natural environment. American Journal of Psychiatry, 137(12), 1540-1545.

Davis,M., Baranowski,T., Resnicow,K., Baranoswki,J., Doyle,C., Smith,M., Wang,D., Yaroch,A., & Hebert,D. (2000). Gimme 5 fruit and vegetables for fun and health: Process evaluation. Health Education and Behavior, 27(2), 167-176.

Elder,J.P., McGraw,S., Stone,E., Reed,D., Harsha,D.W., Greene,T., & Wambsgans,K. (1994). CATCH: Process evaluation of environmental factors and programs. Health Education Quarterly, Supplement 2, S107-S127

Gettleman,L. (2000). Using focus groups to develop a heart disease prevention program for ethnically diverse, low income women. Journal of Community Health, 25(6), 439-453.

Gittelsohn,J., Evans,M., Story,M., Davis,S.M., Metcalfe,L., Helitzer,D.L., & Clay,T.E. (1999). Multisite formative assessment for the Pathways study to prevent obesity in American Indian schoolchildren. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 69(Supplement), 767S-772S.

Goodman, R.M. & Wandersman, A. (1994). FORECAST: A formative approach to evaluating community coalitions and community-based initiatives. Journal of Community Psychology, Special issue 1994, 6- 25.

Hammond,S.L., Leonard,B., & Fridinger,F. (2000). The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention director's physical activity challenge: An evaluation of a worksite health promotion intervention. American Journal of Health Promotion, 15(1), 17-20.

Harris,K.J., Richter,K., Paine-Andrews,A., Lewis,R., Johnston,J.A., James,V., Henke,L., & Fawcett,S.B. (1997). Community partnerships: Review of selected models and evaluation of two case studies. Journal of Nutrition Education, 29(4), 189-195.

Helitzer,D.L., Davis,S.M., Gittelsohn,J., Going,S.B., Murray,D., Snyder,P., & Steckler,A. (1999). Process evaluation in a multisite, primary obesity-prevention trial in American Indian schoolchildren. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 69(Supplement), 816S-824S .McDermott, R.J. & Sarvela, P.D. (1999, 2nd Ed.) Health Education Evaluation and Measurement. Madison, WI: WCB/McGraw-Hill.

McGraw,S., Sellers,D., Stone,E., Resnicow,K., Kuester,S., Fridinger,F., & Wechsler,H. (2000). Measuring implementation of school programs and policies to promote health eating and physical activity among youth. Preventive Medicine, 31(Supplement), S86-S97

Raizman,D., Montgomery,D., Osganian,S., Ebzery,M.K., Evans,M.A., Nicklas,T., Zive,M., Hann,B.J., Snyder,M., & Clesi,A.L. (1994). CATCH: Food service program process evaluation in a multicenter trial. Health Education Quarterly, Supplement 2, S51-S71

Resnicow,K., Cohn,L., Reinhardt,J., Cross,D., Futterman,R., Wynder,E., & Allegrante,J.P. (1992). A three-year evaluation of the Know Your Body Program in inner-city school children. Health Education Quarterly, 19(4), 463-480. Spoth, R. (1991). Formative research on smoking cessation program attributes preferred by smokers. American Journal of Health Promotion, 5(5), 346-354.

Steckler, A. (1989). The use of qualitative evaluation methods to test internal validity: An example in a worksite health promotion program. Evaluation and the Health Professions, 12(2), 115-133.

Stewert,A., Sepsis,P., King,A.C., & McLellan,B. (1997). Evaluation of CHAMPS, a physical activity promotion program for older adults. COMMUNITY FILE, 19(4), 353-361.

Taggart,V., Bush,P.J., Zuckerman,A., & Thesis,P. (1990). A process evaluation of the District of Columbia "Know Your Body Project". Journal of School Health, 60(2), 60-66.

Wechsler,H., Basch,C.E., Zybert,P., & Shea,S. (1998). Promoting the selection of low-fat milk in elementary school cafeterias in an inner-city Latino community: Evaluation of an intervention. American Journal of Public Health, 88(3), 427-433.