American Heart Association The American Heart Association (AHA) is a not-for-profit, voluntary health organization funded by private contributions. Its mission is to reduce disability and death from cardiovascular diseases and stroke. The AHA recently adopted a Strategic Driving Force to provide reliable information to the American public on prevention and treatment of heart disease and stroke. To be successful, AHA seeks to be proficient in four Key Work Processes:

• Discover, interpret and process science.
• Develop and communicate consumer health information.
• Advocate the Association’s positions to key audiences.
• Generate Resources

Information from the American Heart Association may be accessed at http://www.americanheart.org. *

ATSDR: A Primer on Health Risk Communication Principles and Practices The purpose of this primer is to provide a framework of principles and approaches for the communications of health risk information to diverse audiences. It is intended for ATSDR staff and personnel from other government agencies and private organizations who must respond to public concerns about exposures to hazardous substances in the environment. However, it contains guidelines for health risk communication, information about presentations at public meetings, and information about working with the media that are generalizable to other areas. http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/HEC/primer.html

Best Practices Information The Best Practices Ad Hoc Committee in the GSA Office of Governmentwide Policy developed principles to help initiate the Best Practices Program and identify "best practices." The Best Practices Principles are described at http://www.itpolicy.gsa.gov/.

Census Information To access the Statistical Abstract of the United States and other Census information, go to the U.S. Census Bureau at http://www.census.gov.

Claritas’ Compass System - PRIZM PRIZM defines every neighborhood in the United States in terms of 62 demographically and behaviorally distinct clusters. A precision tool for lifestyle segmentation and analysis, PRIZM offers an easy way to identify, understand, and target consumers down to the block level. Claritas’ Compass System - PRIZM is located at http://www.claritas.com/claritas/Default.jsp?ci=3&si=4&pn=prizmne

Community Toolbox For information on ways to "promote community health and development by connecting people, ideas, and resources" access the Community Toolbox at http://ctb.ku.edu * CDC Wonder is an easy-to-use system that provides a single point of access to a wide variety of CDC reports, guidelines, and numeric public health data. CDC wonder may be accessed at http://wonder.cdc.gov/.

Healthy People 2010 Tool Kit Healthy People 2010 Tool Kit. You can access this resource at http://www.health.gov/healthypeople/state/toolkit.

Healthy Communities: New Partnerships for the Future of Public Health The Institute of Medicine released this document to provide information about establishing partnerships for public health promotion.

• http://www.iom.edu *
• http://www.nap.edu *

Medline Medline is the major index to articles from more than 4,600 biomedical journals from 1966 to present. Access Medline at http://www.pubmed.gov/.

National Association for Sports and Physical Education This organization provides information about physical education standards, coaching, and school intramural programs. Their school-related documents include:

• Moving in the Future: National Standards for Physical Education
• National Standards for Beginning Physical Education Teachers
• Concepts of Physical Education: What Every Student Needs to Know
• Quality Coaches, Quality Sports: National Standards for Athletic Coaches
• Guidelines for School Intramural Programs

http://www.aahperd.org/naspe/. *

Office of Human Subjects Research Protection Ethical issues are embedded in all facets of intervention. Any attempt to intervene, even with the best of intentions, carries with it ethical decisions and moral dilemmas. For information regarding ethical issues, begin with the Department of Health and Human Service’s Office for Human Research Protections (OHRP) which is located at http://www.hhs.gov/ohrp/.

Planned Approach to Community Health (PATCH) The Planned Approach to Community Health (PATCH), developed by the CDC and its partners, is widely recognized as an effective model for planning, conducting, and evaluating community health promotion and disease prevention programs. It is used by diverse communities in the United States and several nations to address a variety of health concerns such as cardiovascular disease, HIV, Injuries, teen pregnancy, and access to health care. The PATCH Guide contains "how to" information on the process, things to consider when adapting the process to your community, and sample overheads and handout materials. You’ll find PATCH at http://wonder.cdc.gov/wonder/prevguid/p0000064/p0000064.asp.

Precede-Proceed Model The goals of the Precede-Proceed Model of health promotion program are to explain health-related behaviors and to design and evaluate the intervention designated to influence both the behaviors and the living conditions that influence them and their sequelae. This model has been applied, tested, studied, extended and verified in hundreds of published studies and thousands of unpublished projects in community, schools, clinical, and workplace settings over the last decade. To access further information about Precede-Proceed go to http://hsc.usf.edu/~kmbrown/PRECEDE_PROCEED_Overview.htm. *

Principles of Community Engagement Principles of Community Engagement provides public health professionals and community leaders with a science base and practical guidelines for engaging the public in community decision-making and action for health promotion, health protection, and disease prevention. The material provided can help public health professionals and community leaders improve communication, promote common understanding, and strengthen coordination, collaboration, and partnerships efforts among themselves and community members and institutions. You will find Principles of Community Engagement at http://www.cdc.gov/phppo/pce/index.htm.

Promoting Health: Intervention Strategies from Social and Behavioral Research The Institute of Medicine developed this report to share lessons learned from behavioral and social research for improving health at different life stages. It also discusses the role that social marketing can play in addressing health issues. It can be accessed through the Institute of Medicine's web site or at the National Academies Press web site.

• http://www.iom.edu *
• http://www.nap.edu *

Reducing Tobacco Use: A Report of the Surgeon General This comprehensive publication provides a historical review of efforts to reduce smoking in the U.S. and discusses issues in reducing tobacco use, effective educational strategies to prevent tobacco use amongst young people, management of nicotine addiction, regulatory efforts, economic approaches, comprehensive programs, and shares a vision for the future. The citation is: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services: Reducing Tobacco Use: A report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, Georgia: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, 2000. You’ll find the Surgeon General’s Report on line at http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/sgr/sgr_2000/.

Speaking of Health: Assessing Health Communication Strategies for Diverse Populations The Institute of Medicine released this document to provide information about health communication strategies for diverse populations. It can be accessed through the Institute of Medicine's web site or at the National Academies Press web site.

• http://www.iom.edu *
• http://www.nap.edu *

Theory at a Glance: A Guide for Health Promotion Practice Theory at a Glance explains multiple levels of influence on behavior as well as a multi-level interactive approach to change. It describes the Stages of Change, Health Belief, PRECEDE-PROCEED, and Consumer Information Processing Models in addition to the Social Learning, Community Organization, and Diffusion of Innovation Theories. Theory at a Glance: A Guide for Health Promotion Practice is located at http://cancer.gov/cancerinformation/theory-at-a-glance.

THOMAS Information about Congress’s activities, legislation, and committee activities, including text of House and Senate bills, can be found through THOMAS, an on-line system of databases provided by the Library of Congress. THOMAS may be accessed at http://thomas.loc.gov.

CDC Cardiovascular Health Program http://www.cdc.gov/dhdsp/

The Communication Initiative http://www.comminit.com

CDC Division of Adolescent and School Health http://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/ CDC Division of Nutrition and Physical Activity http://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dnpa CDC Women and Heart Disease: An Atlas of Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Mortality http://www.cdc.gov/dhdsp/library/maps/cvdatlas/atlas_womens/

Partnership for a Walkable America http://www.walkableamerica.org/ *

Shape Up America http://shapeup.org *

Social Marketing Institute http://www.social-marketing.org/succesws/html. *

Social Marketing Network http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/canada/regions/ab-nwt/pdf/resources/e_socialmarketing_toolkit.pdf * (PDF 248K)

Steps in Social Marketing - Formative Research http://www.usf.edu/ *

Journals

American Journal of Health Behavior http://www.ajhb.org/ *

Evaluation and the Health Profession http://www.sagepub.co.uk *

Health Education and Behavior (Formerly Health Education Quarterly) http://www.sagepub.co.uk *

Health Education Research http://her.oupjournals.org/ *

Journal of Health Communication http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/titles/10810730.html *

Public Opinion Quarterly http://poq.oxfordjournals.org/ *

Social Marketing Quarterly http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/titles/15245004.html *

American Cancer Society This nonprofit organization offers several documents about school health education and physical fitness, which can be ordered by calling: 1-800-ACS-2345. These documents are:

• Generation Fit Action Packet
• Improving School Health: A Guide to School Health Councils
• National Health Education Standards: Achieving Health Literacy

Community Success Community_success.pdf (PDF 44K)

Heart Check: Assessing Worksite Support for a Healthy Lifestyle This questionnaire, from the Healthy Heart Program of the New York State Department of Health, can be used and/or adapted to gather information about the environmental strategies and policies in worksites that are supportive of cardiovascular health. CV-NY.heartcheck3.19.2001.pdf (PDF 2,318K)

Issues in Cross-Cultural Communication These documents, provided by the Office of Communication at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, provide information about effective communication with diverse groups of individuals.

• CV-CrossculHuan2.pdf (PDF 1,088K)
• CV-culture.pdf (PDF 1,514K)
• CV-crosscult.resources.pdf (PDF 137K)
• CV-cross.cult.tool2.pdf (PDF 123K)
• CV-Top 10 things to know about cross.pdf (PDF 27K)
• CV-Crosscult.LITREVI2.pdf (PDF 687K)

Taking Action to Heart: A Planning Guide for a Community-Based Approach to Cardiovascular Health Maine Cardiovascular Health Council and Medical Care Development in collaboration with the Maine Bureau of Health have produced a planning document to assist programs in planning community-based programs for cardiovascular health.

• CV-ME.cvd_guidebook.pdf (PDF 2,767K)
• CV-ME.cvd_guidebook_appendices.pdf (PDF 1,370K)
• CV-ME.doc_toc_for_manual.pdf (PDF 244K)

General References

Altman DG, Wheelis AY, McFarlane M, Lee H, Formann SP. The relationship between tobacco access and use among adolescents: a four community study. Social Science and Medicine 1999: 48(6):759-75.

American Nonsmokers’ Rights Foundation. Teens as Teachers, Berkeley (CA): American Nonsmokers’ Rights Foundation, 1994.

Botvin, GJ, Dusenbury L, Baker E, James-Ortiz S, Botvin, EM, Kerner J. Smoking prevention among urban minority youth: assessing effects on outcome and mediating variables. Health Psychology 1992;11(5):290-9.

Botvin GJ, Dusenbury L, Baker E, James-Ortiz S, Botvin, EM, Kerner J. A skills training approach to smoking prevention among Hispanic youth. Journal of Behavioral Medicine 1989b;12(3):279-96

Brown, W. J., & Singhal, A. (1990). Ethical dilemmas of prosocial television. Communication Quarterly, 38(3), 268-280.

Brownson RC, Jackson-Thompson J. Wilkerson JC, Davis JR, Owens NW, Fisher EB Jr. Demographic and socioeconomic differences in beliefs about the health effects of smoking. American Journal of Public Health 1992b;82(1):99-103.

Bungener, M. (1987). Health promotion and ethics. In S. Doxiadis (Ed.), Ethical dilemmas in health promotion (pp. 117-128). New York: Wiley & Sons.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Best Practices for Comprehensive Tobacco Control Programs - August 1999 . Atlanta: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, 1999a.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Guidelines for school health programs to prevent tobacco use and addiction. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 1994b;43(RR-2):1-18.

Duncan P. & Cribb, A. (1996). Helping people change--An ethical approach? Health Education Research, 11(3), 339-348.

Faden, R. R. (1987). Ethical issues in government sponsored public health campaigns. Health Education Quarterly, 14(1), 227-37.

Flynn BS, Worden JK, Secker-Walker RH, Badger GJ, Geller BM. Cigarette smoking prevention effects of mass media and school interventions targeted at gender and age groups. Journal of Health Education 1995; 26 (2 Suppl):S45-S51.

Green, L.W. and Kreuter, M.W. Health Promotion Planning: An Educational and Ecological Approach, 3^rd edition (Mountain View, CA: Mayfield Publishing 1999; to order call 800-433-1279)

Guttman, N. (2000). Public Health Communication Interventions: Values and Ethical Dilemmas. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Guttman, N. (1997). Ethical dilemmas in health communication interventions. Health Communication, 9(2), 155-190.

US Department of Health and Human Services. Media Strategies for Smoking Control: Guidelines. Bethesda (MD): US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, 1989a. NIH Publication No. 89-3013.

US Department of Health and Human Services. Tobacco Use Among U.S. Racial/Ethnic Minority Groups - African Americans, American Indians and Alaska Natives, Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders, and Hispanics: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta: US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, 1998.

World Health Organization. Guidelines for Controlling and Monitoring the Tobacco Epidemic. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1998.

References for Physical Activity and Nutrition Environmental Interventions

Brownell,K.D., Stunkard,A., & Albaum,J.M. (1980). Evaluation and modification of exercise patterns in the natural environment. American Journal of Psychiatry, 137(12), 1540-1545.

Crockett,S.J., & Sims,L. (1995). Environmental influences on children's eating. Journal of Nutrition Education, 27(5), 235-249.

Glanz,K., Lankenau,B., Foerster,S., Temple,S., Mullis,R., & Schmid,T. (1995). Environmental and policy approaches to cardiovascular disease prevention through nutrition: Opportunities for state and local action. Health Education Quarterly, 22(4), 512-527.

Hearn,M.D., Baranowski,T., Baranoswki,J., Doyle,C., Smith,M., Lin,L., & Resnicow,K. (1998). Environmental influences on dietary behavior among children: Availability and accessibility of fruits and vegetables enable consumption. Journal of Health Education, 29(1), 26-32.

Kickbush,I. (1997). Health-promoting environments: The next steps. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 21(4), 431-434.

King,A.C., Blair,S.N., Bild,D.E., Dishman,R.K., Dubbert,P.M., Marcus,B., Oldbridge,N., Paffenbarger,R., Powell,K., & Yeager,K. (1992). Determinants of physical activity and interventions in adults. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 24(6 Supplement), S221-S236

King,A.C., Castro,C., Wilcox,S., Eyler,A.A., Sallis,J., & Brownson,R.C. (2000). Personal and environmental factors associated with physical inactivity among different racial-ethnic groups of U.S. middle-aged and older-aged women. Health Psychology, 19(4), 354-364.

Linenger,J., Chesson,C.V., & Nice,D. (1991). Physical fitness gains following simple environmental changes. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 7(5), 298-310.

Owen,N., Leslie,E., Salmon,J., & Fotheringham,M.J. (2000). Environmental determinants of physical activity and sedentary behavior. Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews, 28(4), 153-158.

Patterson,R., Kristal,A.R., Shannon,J., Hunt,J.R., & White,E. (1997). Using a brief household food inventory as an environmental indicator of individual dietary practices. American Journal of Public Health, 87(2), 272-275.

Richter,K., Harris,K.J., Paine-Andrews,A., Fawcett,S.B., Schmid,T., Lankenau,B., & Johnston,J. (2000). Measuring the health environment for physical activity and nutrition among youth: A review of the literature and applications for community initiatives. Preventive Medicine, 31(Supplement), S98-S111

Sallis,J., Bauman,A., & Pratt,M. (1998). Environmental and policy interventions to promote physical activity. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 15(4), 379-397.

Schmid,T., Pratt,M., & Hunt,J.R. (1995). Policy as intervention: Environmental and policy approaches to the prevention of cardiovascular disease. American Journal of Public Health, 85, 1207-1211.

Speers,M., & Schmid,T. (1995). Policy and environmental interventions for prevention and control of cardiovascular diseases. Health Education Quarterly, 22(4), 476-477.

Stahl,T., Rutten,A., Nutbeam,D., Bauman,A., Kannas,L., Abel,T., Luschen,G., & Rodriguez,D. (2001). The importance of the social environment for physically active lifestyle- results from an international study. Social Science and Medicine, 52(1), 1-10.

Brownson,R.C., Newshaffer,C., & Ali-Abarghoui,F. (1997). Policy research for disease prevention: Challenges and practical recommendations. American Journal of Public Health, 87(5), 735-739.

Brownson,R.C., Schmid,T., King,A.C., Eyler,A.A., Pratt,M., Murayi,T., Mayer,J., & Brown,D.R. (1998). Support for policy interventions to increase physical activity in rural Missouri. American Journal of Health Promotion, 12(4), 263-266.

Feldman,P., Gold,M., & Chu,K. (1994). Enhancing information for state health policy. Health Affairs, 13, 236-250.

Glanz,K., Lankenau,B., Foerster,S., Temple,S., Mullis,R., & Schmid,T. (1995). Environmental and policy approaches to cardiovascular disease prevention through nutrition: Opportunities for state and local action. Health Education Quarterly, 22(4), 512-527.

Jacobson,M.F., & Brownell,K.D. (2000). Small Taxes on Soft Drinks and Snack Foods to Promote Health. American Journal of Public Health, 90(6), 854-857.

Jeffery,R.W., Forster,J.L., Schmid,T., McBride,C., Rooney,B., & Pirie,P. (1990). Community attitudes toward public policies to control alcohol, tobacco, and high-fat food consumption. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 6(1), 12-19.

McGraw,S., Sellers,D., Stone,E., Resnicow,K., Kuester,S., Fridinger,F., & Wechsler,H. (2000). Measuring implementation of school programs and policies to promote health eating and physical activity among youth. Preventive Medicine, 31(Supplement), S86-S97

McKinlay,J. (1992). Health promotion through healthy public policy: The contribution of complementary research methods. Canadian Journal of Public Health, 83(Supplement 1), S11-S19

Milio,N. (1988). Making healthy public policy; developing the science by learning the art: an ecological framework for policy studies. Health Promotion, 2(3), 263-274.

Muntoni,S. (1995). Prevention of cardiovascular disease: From biomedical research to health policy. European Journal of Epidemiology, 11, 485-494.

Nestle,M. (1998). Toward more healthful dietary patterns- A matter of policy. Public Health Reports, 113, 420-423.

Nestle,M., & Jacobson,M.F. (2000). Halting the obesity epidemic: A public health policy approach. Public Health Reports, 115, 12-24.

Owen,N., & Lee,C. (1989). Development of behaviorally-based policy guidelines for the promotion exercise. Journal of Public Health Policy, 10(1), 43-61.

Owen,N., Leslie,E., Salmon,J., & Fotheringham,M.J. (2000). Environmental determinants of physical activity and sedentary behavior. Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews, 28(4), 153-158.

Palmer,S. (1990). Food and nutrition policy: Challenges for the 1990s. Health Affairs, 9(2), 94-108.

Paneri,R. (1998). Validation of indicators for health policy research. World Health Forum, 19, 6-11.

Sallis,J., Bauman,A., & Pratt,M. (1998). Environmental and policy interventions to promote physical activity. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 15(4), 379-397.

Schmid,T., Pratt,M., & Hunt,J.R. (1995). Policy as intervention: Environmental and policy approaches to the prevention of cardiovascular disease. American Journal of Public Health, 85, 1207-1211.

Speers,M., & Schmid,T. (1995). Policy and environmental interventions for prevention and control of cardiovascular diseases. Health Education Quarterly, 22(4), 476-477.

Stuhldreher,W., Koehler,A.N., Harrison,M.K., & Deel,H. (1998). West Virginia standards for school nutrition. The Journal of Child Nutrition and Management, 22(2), 79-86.

References for Community Interventions

Baranowski, T., Simons-Morton, B., Hooks, P., Henske, J., Dunn, J.K., Burkhalter, J., Harper, J., & Palmer, J. (1990). A center-based program for exercise change among Black-American Families. Health Education Quarterly, 17(2), 179-196.

Brownson, R.C., Smith, C., Pratt, M., Mack, N., Jackson-Thompson, J., Dean, C.G., Dabney, S., & Wilkerson, J. (1996). Preventing cardiovascular disease through community-based risk reduction: The Bootheel heart health project. American Journal of Public Health, 86(2), 206-213.

Campbell, M.K., Reynolds, K., Havas, S., Bishop,D., Nicklas, T., Palombo, R., Buller, D., Feldman, R., Topor, M., Johnson, C., Beresford, S.A., Motsinger, B., Morrill, C., & Heimendinger, J. (1999). Stages of change for increasing fruit and vegetable consumption among adults and young adults participating in the national 5-a-Day for Better Health Community study. Health Education & Behavior, 26(4), 513-534.

Elder, J.P., Campbell, N.R., Candelaria, J.I., Talavera, G., Mayer, J., Moreno, C., Medel, Y., & Lyons,G. (1998). Project Salsa: development and institutionalization of a nutritional health promotion project in a Latino community. American Journal of Health Promotion,12(6), 391-401.

Elder, J.P., Schmid, T., Dower, P., & Hedlund, S. (1993). Community heart health programs: Components, rationale, and strategies for effective interventions. Journal of Public Health Policy,14(4), 463-479.

Ferdinand, K.C. (1995). The healthy heart community prevention project: A model for primary cardiovascular risk reduction in the African-American population. Journal of the National Medical Association, 87(8 supplement), 638-641.

Harris, K.J., Richter, K., Paine-Andrews, A., Lewis, R., Johnston, J.A., James,V., Henke, L., & Fawcett, S.B. (1997). Community partnerships: Review of selected models and evaluation of two case studies. Journal of Nutrition Education, 29(4), 189-195.

King, A.C. (1994). Community and public health approaches to the promotion of physical activity. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 26(11), 1405-1412.

Mayer, J., & Geller, E.S. (82 A.D.). Motivating energy efficient travel: A community-based intervention for encouraging biking. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, 12(2), 99-112.

Nestle, M., & Cowell, C. (1990). Health promotion for low-income minority groups: the challenge for nutrition education. Health Education Research, 5(4), 527-533.

Pate, R., Trost, S., Mullis, R., Sallis, J., Wechsler, H., & Brown, D.R. (2000). Community interventions to promote proper nutrition and physical activity among youth. Preventive Medicine, 31, S138-S149

Perkins, L., & Giese, M.L. (1994). Cherokee nation youth fitness camp: Health promotion and disease prevention for Native American youth. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation and Dance, 65(2), 60-62.

Shea, S., Basch, C.E., Lantigua, R., & Wechsler, H. (1992). The Washington Heights-Inwood Healthy Heart Program: A third generation community-based cardiovascular disease prevention program in a disadvantaged urban setting. Preventive Medicine, 21, 203-217.

Stewert, A., Sepsis, P., King, A.C., & McLellan, B. (1997). Evaluation of CHAMPS, a physical activity promotion program for older adults. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 19(4), 353-361.

Sullivan, J., & Carter, J.P. (1985). A nutrition-physical fitness intervention program for low-income black parents. Journal of the National Medical Association, 77(1), 39-43.

Sundquist, J., Malmstron, M., & Johannson, S.E. (1999). Cardiovascular risk factors and the neighborhood environment: A multilevel analysis. International Journal of Epidemiology, 28, 841-845.

Taylor, S., & Robinson, K. (1998). Community-based heart health promotion: Perceptions and facilitators and barriers. Canadian Journal of Public Health, 89(6), 406-409.

References for Church/ Religious/ Faith-based Organizations

Campbell,M.K., Demark-Wahnefried,W., Symons,M., Kalsbeek,W.D., Dodds,J., Cowan,A., Jackson,B., Motsinger,B., Hoben,K., Lashley,J., Demissie,S., & McClelland,J. (1999). Fruit and vegetable consumption and prevention of cancer: The black churches united for better health project. American Journal of Public Health, 89(9), 1390-1396.

Castro,F.G., Elder,J., Coe,K., Tafoya-Barraza,H., Moratto,S., Campbell,N., & Talavers,G. (1995). Mobilizing churches for health promotion in Latino communities: Companeros en la Salud. Journal of the National Cancer Institute Monographs, 18, 127-135.

Elder,J.P., Sallis,J., Mayer,J., Hammond,N., & Peplinski,S. (1989). Community-based health promotion: A survey of churches, labor unions, supermarkets, and restaurants. Journal of Community Health, 14(3), 159-168.

Kumanyika,S., Adams-Campbell,L., Van Horn,B., Ten Have,T., Treu,J., Askov,E., Williams,J., Achterberg,C., Zaghloul,S., Monsegu,D., Bright,M., Stoy,D., Malone-Jackson,M., Mooney,D., Deiling,S., & Caulfield,J. (1999). Outcomes of a cardiovascular nutrition counseling program in African-Americans with elevated blood pressure or cholesterol level. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 99(11), 1380-1391.

Kumanyika,S., & Charleston,J.B. (1992). Lose weight and win: A church-based weight loss program for black women. Patient Education and Counseling, 19, 19-32.

Oexmann,M., Thomas,J., Taylor,K., O'Neil,P., Garvey,W.T., Lackland,D., & Egan,B.M. (2000). Short-term impact of a church-based approach to lifestyle change on cardiovascular risk in African-Americans. Ethnicity & Disease, 10, 17-23.

Ruesch,A., & Gilmore,G.D. (1999). Developing and implementing a health heart program for women in a parish setting. Holistic Nursing Practice, 13(4), 9-18.

Turner,L., Sutherland,M., Harris,G.J., & Barber,M. (1995). Cardiovascular health promotion in North Florida African-American churches. Health Values, 19(2), 3-9.

References for School Setting

Caballero,B., Davis,S., Davis,C.E., Ethelbah,B., Evans,M., Lohman,T., Stephenson,L., Story,M., & White,J. (1998). Pathways: A school-based program for the primary prevention of obesity in American Indian children. Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 9(9), 535-543.

Coles,A., Turner,S., & Hunt,R. (1993). School meals, healthy eating and contract specifications. Health Education Journal, 52(1), 10-12.

Connolly,P.C., & MCKenzie,T. (1995). Effects of a games intervention on the physical activity levels of children at recess. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 66(Supplement), A60-A60.

Contento, Balch, Paige, Gross, & Bisignani. (1995). Nutrition education for school-aged children. Journal of Nutrition Education, 27, 298-311.

Cullen,K.C., Eagan,J., Baranowski,T., Owens,E., & De Moor,C. (2000). Effect of a la carte and snack bar foods at school on children's lunchtime intake of fruits and vegetables. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 100(12), 1482-1486.

French,S.A., Story,M., Jeffery,R.W., Snyder,P., Eisenberg,M., Sidebottom,A., & Murray,D. (1997). Pricing strategy to promote fruit and vegetable purchase in high school cafeterias. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 97(9), 1008-1013.

Gordon,A.R., Devaney,B.L., & Burghardt,J.A. (1995). Dietary effects of the National School Lunch Program and the School Breakfast Program. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 61(Supplement), 221S-231S.

Harnack,L., Snyder,P., Story,M., Holliday,R., Lytle,L., & Neumark-Sztainer,D. (2000). Availability of a la carte food items in junior and senior high schools: A needs assessment. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 100(6), 701-703.

Harris,K.J., Paine-Andrews,A., Richter,K., Lewis,R., Johnston,J.A., James,V., Henke,L., & Fawcett,S.B. (1997). Reducing elementary school children's risks for chronic diseases through school lunch modifications, nutrition education, and physical activity interventions. Journal of Nutrition Education, 29(4), 196-202.

Kolbe,L.J., Kann,L., Collins,J.L., Small,M., Pateman,B., & Warren,C. (1995). The School Health Policies and Programs Study (SHPPS): Context, methods, general findings, and future efforts. Journal of School Health, 65(8), 339-343.

Leslie,J., Yancy,A., McCarthy,W., Albert,S., Wert,C., Miles,O., & James,J. (1999). Development and implementation of a school-based nutrition and fitness promotion program for ethnically diverse middle school girls. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 99(8), 967-979.

Luepker,R., Perry,C., McKinlay,S., Nader,P., Parcel,G., Stone,E., Webber,L., Elder,J.P., Feldman,H.A., Johnson,C.C., Kelder,S.H., & Wu,M. (1996). Outcomes of a field trial to improve children's dietary patterns and physical activity: The child and adolescent trial for cardiovascular health (CATCH). JAMA, 275(10), 768-776.

Lytle,L., Kelder,S.H., & Snyder,M. (1992). A review of school food service research. School Food Service Research and Review, 16(1), 7-14.

McArthur,D. (1998). Heart health eating behaviors of children following a school-based intervention: A meta-analysis. Issues in Comprehensive Pediatric Nursing, 21, 35-48.

McKenzie,T., Sallis,J., Elder,J.P., Berry,C.C., Hoy,P.L., Nader,P., Zive,M., & Broyles,S.L. (1997). Physical activity levels and prompts in young children at recess: A two year study of a bi-ethnic sample. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 68(3), 195-202.

Meyer,M. (2000). Influence of food choices on high school students' perception of school food service. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 100(8), 952-954.

Nader,P., Sallis,J., Rupp,J., Atkins,C., Patterson,T., & Abramson,I. (1996). San Diego family health project: Reaching Families through the schools. Journal of School Health, 56(6), 227-231.

Nader,P., Stone,E., Lytle,L., Perry,C., Osganian,S., Kelder,S., Webber,L., Elder,J.P., Montgomery,D., Feldman,H.A., Wu,M., Johnson,C., Parcel,G., & Luepker,R. (1999). Three-year maintenance of improved diet and physical activity. Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, 153, 695-704.

Nestle,M. (2000). Soft drink "pouring rights": marketing empty calories. Public Health Reports, 115, 308-319.

Nicklas,N., Johnson,C.C., Myers,L., Farris,R.P., & Cunningham,A. (1998). Outcomes of a High School Program to Increase Fruit and Vegetable Consumption: Gimme 5- A Fresh Nutrition Concept for Students. Journal of School Health, 68(6), 248-253.

Nicklas,T., Reed,D., Rupp,J., Snyder,P., Clesi,A.L., Glovsky,E., Bigelow,C., & Obarzanek,E. (1992). Reducing total fat. saturated fatty acids, and sodium: The CATCH Eat Smart School Nutrition Program. School Food Service Research and Review, 16(2), 114-121.

Osganian,S., Ebzery,M.K., Montgomery,D., Nicklas,T., Evans,M.A., Mitchell,P., Lytle,L., Snyder,M., Stone,E., Zive,M., Bachman,K.J., Rice,R., & Parcel,G. (1996). Changes in the nutrient content of school lunches: results from the CATCH Eat Smart Food Service Intervention. Preventive Medicine, 25, 400-412.

Pellegrini,S. (1993). School recess: Implications for education and development. Review of Educational research, 63 (1), 51-67.

Perry,C., Bishop,D.B., Taylor,G., Murray,D., Mays,R., Dudovitz,B.S., Smyth,M., & Story,M. (1998). Changing fruit and vegetable consumption among children: The 5-a-Day Power Plus Program in St. Paul, Minnesota. American Journal of Public Health, 88(4), 603-609.

Perry,C., Sellers,D., Johnson,C., Pedersen,S., Bachman,K.J., Parcel,G., Luepker,R., Wu,M., Nader,P., & Cook,K. (1997). The Child and Adolescent Trial for Cardiovascular Health (CATCH): Intervention, implementation, and feasibility for elementary schools in the United States. Health Education & Behavior, 24(6), 716-735.

Resnicow,K., Cohn,L., Reinhardt,J., Cross,D., Futterman,R., Wynder,E., & Allegrante,J.P. (1992). A three-year evaluation of the Know Your Body Program in inner-city school children. Health Education Quarterly, 19(4), 463-480.

Resnicow,K., & Robinson,N. (1997). School-based cardiovascular disease prevention studies: review and synthesis. Annals of Epidemiology, 7(S7), S14-S31

Sallis,J., MCKenzie,T., Alcaraz,J.E., Kolody,B., Faucette,N., & Hovell,M.F. (1997). The effect of a 2-year physical education program (SPARK) on physical activity and fitness in elementary school students. American Journal of Public Health, 87(8), 1328-1334.

Snyder,M., Story,M., & Trenkner,L. (1992). Reducing fat and sodium in school lunch programs: The LUNCH POWER! Intervention Study. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 92, 1087-1092.

Snyder,P., Anliker,J., Cunningham-Sabo,L., Dixon,L.B., Altaha,J., Chamberlain,A., Davis,S., Evans,M., Hurley,J., & Weber,J. (1999). The Pathways study: a model for lowering the fat in school meals. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 69(Supplement), 810S-815S.

Stone,E., MCKenzie,T., Welk,G., & Booth,M.L. (1998). Effects of physical activity interventions in youth: Review and synthesis. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 15(4), 298-315.

Story,M., & Neumark-Sztainer,D. (1999). Competitive foods in schools: Issues, trends, and future directions. Topics in Clinical Nutrition, 15(1), 37-46.

Wechsler,H., Basch,C.E., Zybert,P., & Shea,S. (1998). Promoting the selection of low-fat milk in elementary school cafeterias in an inner-city Latino community: Evaluation of an intervention. American Journal of Public Health, 88(3), 427-433.

Wechsler,H., Devereaux,R.S., Davis,M., & Collins,J. (2000). Using the school environment to promote physical activity and healthy eating. Preventive Medicine, 31(Supplement), S121-S137

References for Healthcare Settings

Calfas,K.J., Long,B., Sallis,J., Wooten,W., Pratt,M., & Patrick,K. (1996). A controlled trial of physician counseling to promote the adoption of physical activity. Preventive Medicine, 25, 225-233.

Campbell,M.K., DeVellis,B.M., Strecher,V., Ammerman,A.S., DeVellis,R.F., & Sandler,R. (1994). Improving dietary behavior: The effectiveness of tailored messages in primary care settings. American Journal of Public Health, 84(5), 783-787.

Glanz,K. (1997). Review of nutritional attitudes and counseling practices of primary care physicians. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 65(Supplement), 2016S-2019S.

Kannel,W.B. (1996). Preventive efficacy of nutritional counseling. Arch Intern Med, 156, 1138-1139.

Keyserling,T.C., Ammerman,A.S., Davis,C.E., Mok,M., Garrett,J., & Simpson,R. (1997). A randomized controlled trial of a physician-directed treatment program for low-income patients with high blood cholesterol: The Southeast cholesterol project. Archives of Family Medicine, 6, 135-145.

Long,B., Calfas,K.J., Wooten,W., Sallis,J., Patrick,K., Goldstein,M., Marcus,B., Schwenk,T., Chenoweth,J., Carter,R., Torres,T., Palinkas,L., & Heath,G. (1996). A multisite field test of the acceptability of Physical Activity Counseling in Primary Care: Project PACE. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 12(2), 73-81.

Marcus,B., Goldstein,M.G., Jette,A., Simkin-Silverman,L., Pinto,B., Milan,F., Washburn,R., Smith,K., Rakowski,W., & Dube,C.E. (1997). Training physicians to conduct physical activity counseling. Preventive Medicine, 26, 382-388.

Ockene,I., Hebert,J.R., Ockene,J., Saperia,G., Stanek,E., Nicolosi,R., Merriam,P., & Hurley,T.G. (1999). Effect of physician-delivered nutrition counseling training and an office-support program on saturated fat intake, weight, and serum lipid measurements in a hyperlipidemic population: Worcester Area Trial for Counseling in Hyperlipidemia (WATCH). Arch Intern Med, 159, 725-731.

Patrick,K., Sallis,J., Wooten,W., Heath,G., & Pratt,M. (1994). A new tool for encouraging activity. The Physician and Sportsmedicine, 22(11), 45-55.

Pinto,B., Goldstein,M.G., & Marcus,B. (1998). Activity counseling by primary care physicians. Preventive Medicine, 27, 508-513.

Sallis,J., Patrick,K., Frank,E., Pratt,M., Wechsler,H., & Galuska,D.A. (2000). Interventions in health care settings to promote healthful eating and physical activity in children and adolescents. Preventive Medicine, 31, S112-S120

Simons-Morton,D., Calfas,K.J., Oldenburg,B., & Burton,N.W. (1998). Effects of interventions in healthcare settings on physical activity or cardiorespiratory fitness. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 15(4), 413-430.

Stepoe,A., Doherty,S., Kerry,S., Rink,E., & Hilton,S. (2000). Sociodemographic and psychological predictors of change in dietary fat consumption in Adults with high blood cholesterol following counseling in primary care. Health Psychology, 19(5), 411-419.

References for Worksite Settings

Beaton,M., & Corby,J. (1990). Stairway to health. Occupational Health, 42(7), 212

Blamey,A., Mutrie,N., & Aitchison,T. (1995). Health promotion by encouraged use of stairs. British Medical Journal, 311, 289-290.

Braeckman,L., De Bacquer,D., Maes,L., & De Backer,G. (1999). Effects of a low-intensity worksite-based nutrition intervention. Occupational Medicine, 49(8), 549-555.

French,S.A., Jeffery,R.W., Story,M., Hannan,P., & Snyder,M. (1997). A pricing strategy to promote low-fat snack choices through vending machines. American Journal of Public Health, 87(5), 849-851.

Golaszewski,T., Barr,D., & Cochran,S. (1998). An organization-based intervention to improve support for employee heart health. American Journal of Health Promotion, 13(1), 26-35.

Hammond,S.L., Leonard,B., & Fridinger,F. (2000). The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention director's physical activity challenge: An evaluation of a worksite health promotion intervention. American Journal of Health Promotion, 15(1), 17-20.

Heirich,M.A., Foote,A., Erfurt,J.C., & Konopka,B. (2000). Work-site physical fitness programs: Comparing the impact of different program designs on cardiovascular risks. Journal of Occupational Medicine, 35(5), 510-517.

Kristal,A.R., Glanz,K., Tilley,B., & Li,S. (2000). Mediating factors in dietary change: Understanding the impact of a worksite nutrition intervention. Health Education & Behavior, 27(1), 112-125.

Shoveller,J., & Langille,D. (1993). Cooperation and collaboration between a public health unit and midsized private industry in health promotion programming: The Polymer Heart Health Program Experience. Public Health Practice, 84(3), 170-173.

Simpson,J., Oldenburg,B., Owen,N., Harris,D., Dobbins,T., Salmon,A., Vita,P., Wilson,J., & Saunders,J. (2000). The Australian National Workplace Health Project: Design and baseline findings. Preventive Medicine, 31, 249-260.

Sorensen,G., Himmelstein,J.S., Hunt,M.K., Youngstrom,R., Hebert,J.R., Hammond,S.K., Palombo,R., Stoddard,A., & Ockene,J. (2000). A model for worksite cancer prevention: Integration of health protection and health promotion in the WellWorks Project. American Journal of Health Promotion, 10(1), 55-62.

Sorensen,G., Morris,D., Hunt,M.K., Hebert,J.R., Harris,D.R., Stoddard,A., & Ockene,J. (1992). Work-site nutrition intervention and employees' dietary habits: The Treatwell program. American Journal of Public Health, 82(6), 877-880.

Sorensen,G., Stoddard,A., Hunt,M.K., Hebert,J.R., Ockene,J., Avrunin,J.S., Himmelstein,J., & Hammond,S.K. (1998). The effects of a health promotion- health protection intervention on behavior change: The WellWorks Study. American Journal of Public Health, 88(11), 1685-1690.

Stokols,D., Pelletier,K., & Fielding,J.E. (1996). The ecology of work and health: research and policy directions for the promotion of employee health. Health Education Quarterly, 23(2), 137-158.

References for Mass Media and Related Campaigns

Goldberg,J., Rudd,R., & Dietz,W. (1999). Using 3 data sources and methods to shape a nutrition campaign. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 99(6), 717-722.

Marcus,B., Owen,N., Forsyth,L.H., Cavill,N.A., & Fridinger,F. (1998). Physical activity interventions using mass media, print, and information technology. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 15(4), 362-377.

Owen,N., Bauman,A., Booth,M., Oldenburg,B., & Magnus,P. (1995). Social mass-media campaigns to promote physical activity: Reinforcing or redundant. American Journal of Public Health, 85(2), 244-248.

Perez-Escamilla,R., Himmelgreen,D., Bonello,H., Peng,Y., Mengual,G., Gonzalez,A., Mendez,I., Cruz,J., & Phillips,L. (2000). Marketing nutrition among urban Latinos: The Salud campaign. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 100(6), 698-701.

Reger,B., Wootan,M., & Booth-Butterfield,S. (1999a). Using mass media to promote healthy eating: A community based demonstration project. Preventive Medicine, 29, 414-421.

Reger,B., Wootan,M., & Booth-Butterfield,S. (1999b). Using mass media to promote healthy eating: A community-based demonstration project. Preventive Medicine, 29, 414-421.

Reger,B., Wootan,M., Booth-Butterfield,S., & Smith,H. (1998). 1% or Less: A community-based nutrition campaign. Public Health Reports, 113, 410-419.

Wallack, L., Dorfman, L. Jernigan, D, Themba, M. (1993). Media Advocacy and Public health. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.