Occurrences

County Name	Number of Occurrences	Year Last Observed
Berrien	2	1986
Cass	11	2001
Kalamazoo	2	1947
St. Joseph	7	1985

Information is summarized from MNFI's database of rare species and community occurrences. Data may not reflect true distribution since much of the state has not been thoroughly surveyed.

Natural Community Types

• Mesic southern forest
• Dry-mesic southern forest

Associated Plants

Sugar maple, white ash, red oak, black oak, white oak, witch hazel, redbud, tulip tree, spicebush, basswood, sassafras, bitternut hickory, jack-in-the-pulpit, Virginia creeper, lopseed, Solomon's-seal, false Solomon's-seal, woolly blue violet, heart-leaved aster, New Jersey tea, bush-clover, poverty grass, lupine, goat rue, harebell, Pennsylvania sedge, lousewort, sweet cicely, kidney-leaved buttercup, mayapple, hepatica, woodland goldenrod, tick-trefoil, Canada mayflower, and yellow violet.

Management

The specific management requirements are unknown, but this species occurs in forests with dry-mesic to mesic dominants. It may benefit from disturbance that creates colonization sites in openings, but probably would be negatively affected by large-scale clearing.

General Survey Guidelines

Random meander search covers areas that appear likely to have rare taxa, based on habitat and the judgment of the investigator.

Survey Methods

• Meander search

  Survey Period: From first week of June to fourth week of July

References

Survey References

• Elzinga, C.L., D.W. Salzer, and J.W. Willoughby. 1998. Measuring and Monitoring Plant Populations. The Nature Conservancy and Bureau of Land Management, Denver. BLM Technical Reference 1730-1. 477pp.

• Goff, G.F., G.A. Dawson, and J.J. Rochow. 1982. Site examination for Threatened and Endangered plant species. Environmental Management 6(4): 307-316

• Nelson, J.R. 1984. Rare Plant Field Survey Guidelines. In: J.P. Smith and R. York. Inventory of rare and endangered vascular plants of California. 3rd Ed. California Native Plant Society, Berkeley. 174pp.

• Nelson, J.R. 1986. Rare Plant Surveys: Techniques For Impact Assessment. Natural Areas Journal 5(3):18-30.

• Nelson, J.R. 1987. Rare Plant Surveys: Techniques for Impact Assessment. In: Conservation and management of rare and endangered plants. Ed. T.S. Elias. California Native Plant Society, Sacramento. 8pp.

Technical References

• Cooperrider, T.S. 1995. The Dicotyledonae of Ohio Part 2. Linaceae through Campanulaceae. Ohio State University Press, Columbus. 656pp.

• Deam, C. C. 1940. Flora of Indiana. Department of Conservation, Indianapolis. 1236pp.

• Gleason, H. A., and A. Cronquist. 1991. Manual of Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada. Second edition. The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx. 910pp.

• Gray, A. 1950. Gray's Manual of Botany; eighth ed. Van Nostrand Reinghold, New York. 1632pp.

• Holmgren, N.H. 1998. Illustrated Companion to Gleason and Cronquist's Manual. Illustrations of the vascular plants of Northeastern United States and adjacent Canada. New York Botanical Garden, Bronx. 937pp.

• Swink, F. and G. Wilhelm. 1994. Plants of the Chicago Region, 4th ed. Indiana Academy of Science, Indianapolis. 921pp.

• Voss, E.G. 1996. Michigan Flora. Part III. Dicots (Pyrolaceae-Compositae). Bulletin of the Cranbrook Institute of Science and University of Michigan Herbarium. 622pp.

Page Citation

For assistance with this site, email mnfi@msu.edu

MSU Extension programs and materials are open to all without regard to race, color, national origin, gender, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, marital status or family status.