| Echinacea purpurea |
| Purple Coneflower |
Key Characteristics
Stout perennial forb (1 m or more) of mesic prairies; leaves broadly lanceolate, toothed, hairy; flowers large with a dark central disk and numerous purple drooping petals.
Status and Rank
- State Status: X - Presumed extirpated (legally 'threatened' if rediscovered)
- State Rank: SX - Presumed extirpated
- Global Rank: G4 - Apparently secure
Occurrences
| County Name | Number of Occurrences | Year Last Observed |
|---|---|---|
| Hillsdale | 1 | 1988 |
| Kalamazoo | 1 | 1946 |
| Kent | 1 | 1891 |
| St. Joseph | 1 | 1838 |
| Washtenaw | 1 | 1868 |
![Occurrence Map for [Sname]](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20090116094320im_/http://web4.msue.msu.edu/mnfi/maptmp/NFR_Distributions12320987823528.png)
Information is summarized from MNFI's database of rare species and community occurrences. Data may not reflect true distribution since much of the state has not been thoroughly surveyed.
Habitat
Found in prairie remnants. Many populations of this species are introduced, and only naturally occurring ones are tracked. The last undisputed wild populations have not been observed since the late 1800s.
Natural Community Types
Associated Plants
Big bluestem, little bluestem, Indian grass, bee-balm, butterfly weed, blazing star, and green milkweed.
Management
Widespread via plantings, but not known to be extant via any known native populations. If found, it would likely benefit from prescribed burning and control of woody species.
General Survey Guidelines
Random meander search covers areas that appear likely to have rare taxa, based on habitat and the judgment of the investigator.
Survey Methods
- Meander search
Survey Period: From first week of June to fourth week of September
Survey Comments: Frequently planted ornamental
References
Survey References
- Elzinga, C.L., D.W. Salzer, and J.W. Willoughby. 1998. Measuring and Monitoring Plant Populations. The Nature Conservancy and Bureau of Land Management, Denver. BLM Technical Reference 1730-1. 477pp.
- Goff, G.F., G.A. Dawson, and J.J. Rochow. 1982. Site examination for Threatened and Endangered plant species. Environmental Management 6(4): 307-316
- Nelson, J.R. 1984. Rare Plant Field Survey Guidelines. In: J.P. Smith and R. York. Inventory of rare and endangered vascular plants of California. 3rd Ed. California Native Plant Society, Berkeley. 174pp.
- Nelson, J.R. 1986. Rare Plant Surveys: Techniques For Impact Assessment. Natural Areas Journal 5(3):18-30.
- Nelson, J.R. 1987. Rare Plant Surveys: Techniques for Impact Assessment. In: Conservation and management of rare and endangered plants. Ed. T.S. Elias. California Native Plant Society, Sacramento. 8pp.
Technical References
- Antonio, T.M. and S. Masi. 2001.The Sunflower Family in the Upper Midwest. A Photographic Guide to the Asteraceae in Illinois, Indianan, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota and Wisconsin. Indiana Academy of Science, Indianapolis. 421pp.
- Fisher, T.R. 1988. The Dicotyledoneae of Ohio. Part 3. Asteraceae. Ohio State University Press, Columbus. 280pp.
- Flora of North America Editorial Committee. 2006. Flora of North America, North of Mexico. Volume 21: Magnoliophyta: Asteridae (in part): Asteraceae, part 3. Oxford University Press, New York. 616pp.
- Gleason, H. A., and A. Cronquist. 1991. Manual of Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada. Second edition. The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx. 910pp.
- Gray, A. 1950. Gray's Manual of Botany; eighth ed. Van Nostrand Reinghold, New York. 1632pp.
- Holmgren, N.H. 1998. Illustrated Companion to Gleason and Cronquist's Manual. Illustrations of the vascular plants of Northeastern United States and adjacent Canada. New York Botanical Garden, Bronx. 937pp.
- Swink, F. and G. Wilhelm. 1994. Plants of the Chicago Region, 4th ed. Indiana Academy of Science, Indianapolis. 921pp.
- Voss, E.G. 1996. Michigan Flora. Part III. Dicots (Pyrolaceae-Compositae). Bulletin of the Cranbrook Institute of Science and University of Michigan Herbarium. 622pp.