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Group A Streptococcal (GAS) Disease

 Links

	CDC. Active Bacterial Core surveillance (ABCs) http://www.cdc.gov/abcs/
	CDC. Investigating clusters of group A streptoccocal disease http://www.cdc.gov/strepAcalculator

Streptococcus pyogenes emm Sequence Database
	CDC Streptococcus Laboratory http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/biotech/strep/strepindex.htm
World Health Organization (WHO) Information
	The Current Evidence for the Burden of Group A Streptococcal Diseases. WHO 2005 http://www.who.int/child_adolescent_health/documents/fch_cah_05_07/en/index.html (exit)
	A Review of the Technical Basis for the Control of Conditions Associated with GAS Infections. WHO 2005 http://www.who.int/child_adolescent_health/documents/fch_cah_05_08/en/index.html (exit)
	Group A Streptococcal Vaccine Development: Current Status and Issues of Relevance to Less Developed Countries. WHO 2005 http://www.who.int/child_adolescent_health/documents/ivb_05_14/en/index.html (exit)
NIH Information
	Group A Streptococcal Infections from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) http://www3.niaid.nih.gov/healthscience/healthtopics/streptococcal/ (exit)
Health Care Provider Information
	Prevention of Varicella: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), June 2007 http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5604a1.htm
	Streptococcal Toxic-Shock Syndrome: Spectrum of Disease, Pathogenesis, and New Concepts in Treatment, July - September 1995 http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol1no3/stevens.htm
Media Information
	Group A Streptococcal Infections. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease (NIAID) http://www3.niaid.nih.gov/healthscience/healthtopics/streptococcal/research.htm (exit)
	Fact Sheet: Group A Streptococcal Infection Necrotizing Fasciitis - National Institutes of Health http://www3.niaid.nih.gov/healthscience/healthtopics/severestrep/ (exit)
Laboratory Information
	CDC Streptococcus Laboratory http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/biotech/strep/strepindex.htm
	Rapid Molecular Genetic Subtyping of Serotype M1 Group A Streptococcus Strains, Emerging Infectious Diseases, April 1999 http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol5no2/hoe.htm
	emm and sof gene sequence variation in relation to serological typing of opacity-factor-positive group A strreptococci. Microbiology (2000) 146, 1195-1209. http://www.socgenmicrobiol.org.uk/mic/146/1195/1461195A.pdf 15 pages (exit)
Outbreak Information
	MMWR: Outbreak of Group A Streptococcal Pneumonia Among Marine Corps Recruits--California, November 1-December 20, 2002 (Feb 2003) http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5206a3.htm
	Investigating clusters of group A streptoccocal disease http://www.cdc.gov/strepAcalculator
	Varicella related deaths among children - United States - 1997 (May 1998) http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00052600.htm
	MMWR Outbreak of Invasive Group A Streptococcus Associated with Varicella in a Childcare Center -- Boston, Massachusetts, 1997 (October 1997) http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00049535.htm
	Use of Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis for Investigation of a Cluster of Invasive Group A Streptococcal Illness - Spokane, Washington, 1999 (August 1999) http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4831a1.htm

References

O'Loughlin RE, Roberson A, Cieslak PR, Lynfield R, Gershman K, Craig A, Albanese B, Farley MM, Barrett NL, Spina NL, Beall B, Harrison LH, Reingold A, Van Beneden C. The Epidemiology of Invasive Group A Streptococcal Infections and Potential Vaccine Implications, United States, 2000-2004. Clin Infect Dis 2007; 45:853-62.

Jordan HT, Richards CL, Burton DC, Thigpen MC, Van Beneden CA. Group A Streptococcal Disease in Long-Term Care Facilities: Descriptive Epidemiology and Potential Control Measures. Clin Infect Dis 2007; 45:742-52.

Johnson DR, Kaplan EL, VanGheem A, Facklam RR, Beall B. Characterization of group A streptococci (Streptococcus pyogenes): correlation of M-protein and emm-gene type with T-protein agglutination pattern and serum opacity factor. J Med Microbiol. 2006; 55:157-64.

Dale JB, Penfound T, Chiang EY, Long V, Shulman ST, Beall B. Multivalent group A streptococcal vaccine elicits bactericidal antibodies against variant M subtypes. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 2005; 12:833-6.

Factor SH, Levine OS, Harrison LH, Farley MM, McGeer A, Skoff T, Wright T, Schwartz B, Schuchat A. Risk Factors for Pediatric Invasive Group A Streptococcal Disease. Emerg Infect Dis 2005; 11(7):1062-6.

Facklam RF, Martin DR, Lovgren M, et al. Extension of the Lancefield classification for Group A streptococci by addition of 22 new M protein gene sequence types from clinical isolates: emm103 to emm124. Clin Infect Dis 2002; 34(1):28-38.

The Prevention of Invasive Group A Streptococcal Infections Workshop Participants. Prevention of invasive group A streptococcal disease among household contacts of case-patients and among postpartum and postsurgical patients: Recommendations from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Clin Infect Dis 2002; 35: 950-959.

Stevens DL. Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome associated with necrotizing fasciitis. Ann Rev Med 2000; 51:271-88.