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Drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae Disease

 Related Internet Sites

	Antibiotic Resistance Surveillance Toolkit (for Streptococcus pneumoniae) Manual and resources help state and local health departments design surveillance systems that track Streptococcus pneumoniae
	Judicious antibiotic use
	National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases
	Active Bacterial Case Surveillance (ABCs)
	CDC Streptococcus Laboratory
	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Preventing pneumococcal disease among infants and young children: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR 2000; 49 (No. RR-9): 1-35.

 References

Moore MR, Robert E. Gertz J, Woodbury RL, et al. Population Snapshot of Emergent Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotype 19A in the United States, 2005. The Journal of Infectious Diseases 2008;197:1016–27.

Emergence of antimicrobial-resistant serotype 19A Streptococcus pneumoniae-- Massachusetts, 2001-2006. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2007;56:1077-80.

Kyaw MH, Lynfield R, Schaffner W, et al. Effect of introduction of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. N Engl J Med 2006;354:1455-63.

Whitney CG, Farley MM, Hadler J, et al. Decline in invasive pneumococcal disease after the introduction of protein-polysaccharide conjugate vaccine. N Engl J Med 2003; 348: 1737-1746.

Gonzales R, Bartlett JG, Besser RE, et al. Principles of appropriate antibiotic use for treatment of acute respiratory tract infections in adults: background, specific aims, and methods. Ann Intern Med 2001; 134: 479-486.

Hyde TB, Gay K, Stephens DS, et al. Macrolide resistance among invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates. JAMA 2001; 286: 1857-1862.

Whitney CG, Farley MM, Hadler J, et al. Increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in the United States. N Engl J Med 2000; 343: 1917-1924.

Feikin DR, Schuchat A, Kolczak M, et al. Mortality from invasive pneumococcal pneumonia in the era of antibiotic resistance, 1995-1997. Amer J Public Health Infect Dis 2000; 90(2): 223-229.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American Academy of Pediatrics. Principles of judicious use of antimicrobial agents for pediatric upper respiratory tract infections. Pediatrics 1998; 101(Suppl): 163-184.