When too many nutrients make their way into local rivers, streams and the Bay, they can create conditions that are harmful for blue crabs, bay grasses and other underwater life. Excess amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus, two types of nutrients, are the main cause of the Bay's poor health.
Sediment is made up of loose particles of clay, silt and sand. In excess, sediment can have a negative effect on water clarity, reducing the amount of sunlight that reaches underwater bay grasses.
Chemical contaminants, or toxics, are chemicals or compounds that can potentially cause harm to organisms. Toxic chemicals are constantly entering the Bay and its tributaries through wastewater, storm water and air pollution.
Air pollution not only affects the quality of the air we breathe; it also impacts the land and the water. Airborne nitrogen is a major contributor to pollution in the Chesapeake Bay and its tributaries.