Black locust is an introduced tree up to 50 feet
tall that often forms colonies by root sprouts. Spines on the
young stems are unbranched and resemble large rose thorns. Seven
to 19 oval leaflets are arranged opposite with the entire leaf
up to 6 inches long. The fragrant, abundant flowers have white
petals and a banner with a yellowish center and are arranged
in hanging clusters 4 to 8 inches long. The pods are flat, thin
and brown and may persist through the winter.
Distribution and habitat
Black locust is extensively planted in shelterbelts and as
an ornamental. It can be found in all areas of Texas except
the Rolling Plains and the Trans-Pecos. It is probably native
to the southeastern United States.
Regions: 1, 2,
3, 4,
5, 6,
7, 9.
Toxic agent
The toxic agent of black locust is robin, a protein toxin.
All parts of the plant except the flower are toxic. Horses,
cattle, sheep and poultry have been poisoned. Horses are most
often poisoned and are the most susceptible species. Horses
that consumed as little as 0.04 percent of their weight in
bark showed signs of poisoning in 1.5 hours.
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Livestock
signs
Signs of poisoning are similar in all species and may include:
• Anorexia
• Depression
• Diarrhea
• Weakness (posterior paralysis in cattle
and horses)
• Cold extremities
• Weak pulse
• Irregular heartbeat
In fatal cases, death usually occurs within 1 or 2 days.
Integrated management strategies
Most clinically affected animals recover after removal from
the source. However, complete recovery may take several
weeks, and horses often founder or develop laminitis. Do
not place horses in a paddock with a black locust tree.
Boredom may cause them to consume the leaves or strip the
bark from the trees.
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