Richard Mandel is a Technical Information Specialist in the Executive Secretariat, Office of the Director, NIH. He holds a Doctorate in American History from Cornell University and has also written a monograph history of the NIH extramural system, The Division of Research Grants: A Half-Century of Peer Review, 1946-1996.

This booklet was supported by funding from the Warren Grant Magnuson Clinical Center. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the author and do not necessarily represent the official views of the Clinical Center or the National Institutes of Health.