Yellow Starthistle Information

Yellow Starthistle home page

introduction & spread button
impacts button
biology & ecology button
management button
strategic plan button
weed management areas button

references button

pdf icon download the References section
(18 pages 61 kb)


new publications button

 

References

Click a letter to jump to that section of this document.

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

  1. Akbar, S., D.S. Fries, and M.H. Malone. 1995. Effect of various pretreatments on the hypothermic activity of repin in naive rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 49(2):91-99.

  2. Andres, L.A. and N.E. Rees. 1995. Musk thistle. Pages 248-251. Nechols, J.R., L.A. Andres, J.W. Beardsley, R.D. Goeden and C.G. Jackson, eds. In, Biological Control in the Western United States. University of California, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Oakland, California. Publication 3361.

  3. Balciunas, J. and B. Villegas. 1999. Two new seed head flies attach yellow starthistle. California Agriculture 53(2):8-11.

  4. Barry, S. 1995. Cattle fecal fax. University of California, Cooperative Extension. October Report, Nov. 7, 1995.

  5. Barthell, J.F., R.W. Thorp, A.M. Wenner, and J.M. Randall. 2000. Yellow star-thistle, gumplant, and feral honey bees on Santa Cruz Island: A case of invaders assisting invaders. Proc., California Islands Sym. 1999. Camarillo, CA. 5:269-273.

  6. Benefield, C.B., J.M. DiTomaso, and G.B. Kyser. 1998. Impacts of yellow starthistle density on the soil moisture profile and rangeland management. Proc., Western Society of Weed Science. 51:66.

  7. Benefield, C.B., J.M. DiTomaso, G.B. Kyser, S.B. Orloff, K.R. Churches, D.B. Marcum, and G.A. Nader. 1999. Success of mowing to control yellow starthistle depends on timing and plant's branching form. California Agriculture 53(2):17-21.

  8. Benefield, C.B., J.M. DiTomaso, G.B. Kyser, and A. Tschohl. 2001. Reproductive biology of yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis): Maximizing late season control. Weed Science 49:38-90.

  9. Bennett, A.R., W.L. Bruckart, and N. Shishkoff. 1991. Effects of dew, plant age, and leaf position on the susceptibility of yellow starthistle to Puccinia jaceae. Journal of the American Phytopathological Society 75(5):499-501.

  10. Billings, W. D. 1994. Ecological impacts of cheatgrass and resultant fire on ecosystems in the western Great Basin. Pages 22-30. S.B. Monsen and S.G. Kitchen, eds. In, Proc. Ecology and Management of Annual Rangelands. U.S.D.A. For. Serv. Intermt. Res. Stat., General Tech. Rept. INT-GTR-313, Ogden, UT.

  11. Binder, R.G., C.E. Turner, and R.A. Flath. 1990. Comparison of yellow starthistle volatiles from different plant parts. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 38:764-767.

  12. Blossey, B., D. Schroeder, S.D. Hight, and R.A. Malecki. 1994. Host specificity and environmental impact of the weevil Hylobius transversovittatus, a biological control agent of purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria). Weed Sci. 42:128-133.

  13. Borchert, M.I. and S.K. Jain. 1978. The effect of rodent seed predation on four species of California annual grasses. Oecologia 33:101-113.

  14. Borman, M.M., D.E. Johnson, and W.C. Krueger. 1992. Soil moisture extraction by vegetation in a Mediterranean/Maritime climatic regime. Agronomy Journal 84:897-904.

  15. Borman, M.M., W.C. Krueger, and D.E. Johnson. 1991. Effects of established perennial grasses on yields of associated annual weeds. Journal of Range Management 44:318-322.

  16. Brown, C.S., R.L. Bugg, and J.H. Anderson. 1993. Roadside planting of perennial grasses. Grasslands 3(4):1-3.

  17. Bruckart, W.L. 1989. Host range determination of Puccinia jaceae from yellow starthistle. Plant Disease 73:155-160.

  18. Bruckart, W.L. and W.M. Dowler. 1986. Evaluation of exotic rust fungi in the United States for classical biological control of weeds. Weed Science 34 (supplement 1):11-14.

  19. Bruno, M., J.G. Diaz, and W. Herz. 1991. Guaianolides and lignans from Centaurea solstitialis subsp. schouwii. Phytochemistry 30:4165-4166.

  20. Bussan, A.J. and W.E. Dyer. 1999. Herbicdies and rangeland. Pages 116-132 in R. L. Sheley and J. K. Petroff, eds. Biology and Management of Noxious Rangeland Weeds. Oregon St. Univ. Press, Corvallis.

  21. Buttery, R.G., D.M. Maddox, D.M. Light, and L.C. Ling. 1986. Volatile components of yellow starthistle. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 34(5):786-788.

  22. Callihan, R.H. and J.O. Evans. 1991. Weed dynamics on rangeland. Pages 55-61. J.O. Evans, M.H. Ralphs, and R.D. Child, eds. In, L. F. James, Noxious Range Weeds, Westview Press, San Francisco, CA.

  23. Callihan, R.H., C.H. Huston, and D.C. Thill. 1986. Establishment of intermediate wheatgrass in a yellow starthistle- infested range. Res. Prog. Rep. West. Soc. Weed. Sci. pp. 49-50.

  24. Callihan, R.H. and L.W. Lass. 1996. Yellow starthistle management with herbicides. Current Info. Series No. 1036, 12 pp. Univ. Idaho, College of Agriculture.

  25. Callihan, R.H., L.W. Lass, C.W. Hunt, and G. Pritchard. 1995. Comparative digestibility of yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis). Res. Prog. Rep. West. Soc. Weed. Sci. pg 36.

  26. Callihan, R.H., F.E. Northam, J.B. Johnson, E.L. Michalson, and T.S. Prather. 1989. Yellow starthistle. Biology and management in pasture and rangeland. Current Info. Series No. 634, 4 pp. Univ. Idaho, College of Agriculture.

  27. Callihan, R.H., T.S. Prather, and F.E. Northam. 1993. Longevity of yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis) achenes in soil. Weed Technology 7:33-35.

  28. Callihan, R.H., R.L. Sheley, and D.C. Thill. 1982. Yellow starthistle: identification and control. Current Info. Series No. 634, 4 pp. University of Idaho, College of Agriculture.

  29. Callihan, R.H. and R.O. Schirman. 1991. Effects of five hormone-type herbicides on the survival of yellow starthistle seedlings from a known susceptible population and a suspected picloram resistant population. Res. Prog. Rep. West. Soc. Weed Sci., pp. 40-42.

  30. Callihan, R.H., R.O. Schirman, and W.J. Price. 1991. Effects of winter and spring applied herbicides on yellow starthistle density. Res. Prog. Rep. West. Soc. Weed Sci., pp. 36-37.

  31. Campobasso, G., R. Sobhian, L. Knutson, and G. Terragitti. 1998. Host specificity of Bangasternus orientalis Capiomont (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) introduced into the United States for biological control of yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis L., Asteraceae: Cardueae). Environ. Entomol. 27(6):1525-1530.

  32. Carlson, J.E., N.K. Konn, and E.L. Michalson. 1985. The behavior and attitudes of North-central Idaho, farmers and ranchers toward yellow starthistle. Res. Bull. Agric. Exp. Stn. Univ. Idaho. Series No. 138. 8 pp. Moscow, Idaho.

  33. Carlson, J.E., D.B. Willis, E.L. Michalson, and R.H. Callihan. 1990. Yellow starthistle in North-Central Idaho: A survey of farmers' and ranchers' behavior and attitudes (1982 and 1988). Bull. Idaho Agric. Exp. Stn. Series No. 11[712], pp. 2-10. Moscow, Idaho.

  34. Carrithers, V.G., D.R. Gaiser, C. Duncan, and D. Horton. 1997. Seed germination of yellow starthistle and spotted knapweed after treatment with picloram or clopyralid. Proc., West. Soc. Weed Sci. 50:39-40.

  35. Cassady, J.M., D. Abramson, P. Cowall, C. Chang, and J.L. McLaughlin. 1979. Centaurepensin: a cytotoxic constituent of Centaurea solstitialis and C. repens (Asteraceae). Journal of Natural Products 42:427-429.

  36. Cheeke, P.R. and L.R. Shull. 1985. Other plant toxins and poisonous plants. Ch. 11. Pages 358-392. In, Natural Toxicants in Feeds and Poisonous Plants. The Avi Publ. Co., Westport, CT.

  37. Civeyrel, L. and D. Simberloff. 1996. A tale of two snails: is the cure worse than the disease? Biodiversity and Conservation. 5:1231-1252.

  38. Clement, S.L. 1990. Insect natural enemies of yellow starthistle in Southern Europe and the selection of candidate biological control agents. Environmental Entomology 19(6):1882-1888.

  39. Clement, S.L. 1994. Resistance among populations of yellow starthistle to thistle-head insects: results from garden plots in Italy. Biol. Control 4(2):149-156.

  40. Clement, S.L., T. Mimmocchi, R. Sobhian, and P.H. Dunn. 1988. Host specificity of adult Eustenopus hirtus (Waltl.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), a potential biological control agent of yellow starthistle, Centaurea solstitialis L. (Asteraceae, Cardueae). Proc., Entomological Society of Washington 90:501-507.

  41. Clement, S.L. and R. Sobhian. 1991. Host-use patterns of capitulum-feeding insects of yellow starthistle: results from a garden plot in Greece. Environ. Entomol. 20(2):724-730.

  42. Connett, J.C. and J.P. McCaffrey. 1995. Eustenopus villosus: an enemy of yellow starthistle. Knapweed 9:6.

  43. Cooksey, D. and R. Sheley. 1998. Mapping noxious weeds in Montana. Publ. No. EB148. Montana State University Extension Service, Bozeman, MT. 21 pp.

  44. Cordy, D.R. 1954a. Nigropallidal encephalomalacia (chewing disease) in horses on rations high in yellow star thistle. Proc., Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 91:149-154.

  45. Cordy, D.R. 1954b. Nigropallidal encephalomalacia in horses associated with ingestion of yellow star thistle. Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology 13:330-342.

  46. Cordy, D.R. 1978. Centaurea species and equine nigropallidal encephalomalacia. R.F. Keeler, K.R. Van Kampen, and L.F. James, eds. Pages 327-336. In, Effects of Poisonous Plants on Livestock. Academic Press, New York.

  47. Dellow, J.J. 1996. Herbicide techniques for thistle management. Plant Protection Quarterly 11:276- 277.

  48. DeLoach, C.J. 1991. Past successes and current prospects in biological control of weeds in the United States and Canada. Natural Areas Journal. 11:129-142.

  49. DiTomaso, J.M. 1996. Yellow starthistle: biology and life history. Proc., California Exotic Plant Pest Council. 2:61-64.

  50. DiTomaso, J.M. 1997. Risk analysis of various weed control methods. Proc., California Exotic Pest Plant Council Symposium 3:34-39.

  51. DiTomaso, J.M. 1998. Biology and impact of yellow starthistle. Pg. 82-84, M.S. Hoddle, ed. In, California Conference on Biological Control. Innovation in Biological Control Research.

  52. DiTomaso, J.M. 2000. Invasive weeds in rangelands: Species, impacts and management. Weed Science 48:255-265.

  53. DiTomaso, J.M., C. Benefield, and G.B. Kyser. 1998a. Reproductive biology of yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis) maximizing late season control. Kelly, M., E. Wagner, and P. Warner, eds. Proc., California Exotic Pest Plant Council Symposium 4:58.

  54. DiTomaso, J.M. and J. Gerlach. 2000a. Centaurea solstitialis (yellow starthistle). C. Bossard, J.M. Randall, M. Hoshovsky, eds. Pages 101-106. In, Invasive Plants of California's Wildlands. UC Press, Berkeley.

  55. DiTomaso, J.M. and J. Gerlach. 2000b. Centaurea melitensis (tocolate). C. Bossard, J.M. Randall, M. Hoshovsky, eds. Pages 98-100. In, Invasive Plants of California's Wildlands. UC Press, Berkeley.

  56. DiTomaso, J.M., E. Healy, S. Enloe. 2000c. California's Noxious Weeds. http://pi.cdfa.ca.gov/weedinfo/

  57. DiTomaso, J.M., G.B. Kyser, and M.S. Hastings. 1999a. Prescribed burning for control of yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis) and enhanced native plant diversity. Weed Science 47: 233-242.

  58. DiTomaso, J.M., G.B. Kyser, S.B. Orloff, and S.F. Enloe. 2000d. Integrated approaches and control option considerations when developing a management strategy for yellow starthistle. California Agriculture 54 (6):30-36.

  59. DiTomaso, J. M., G. B. Kyser, S. B. Orloff, S. F. Enloe, and G. A. Nader. 1999b. New growth regulator herbicide provides excellent control of yellow starthistle. California Agriculture 53(2):12-16.

  60. DiTomaso, J.M., W.T. Lanini, C.D. Thomsen, T.S. Prather, C.E. Turner, M.J. Smith, C.L. Elmore, M.P. Vayssieres, and W.A. Williams. 1999c. Yellow starthistle. Pest Notes 3:1-4. Univ. of California, Div. Ag. Nat. Res., Oakland, CA.

  61. DiTomaso, J.M., S.B. Orloff, G.B. Kyser and G.A. Nader. 1998b. Influence of timing and chemical control on yellow starthistle. Proc., Calif. Weed Sci. Soc. 50:190-193.

  62. Dowell, R.V. and C.J. Krass. 1992. Exotic pests pose growing problem for California. California Agriculture 46(1):6-12.

  63. Dudley, D.R. 2000. Wicked weed of the west. California Wild 53:32-35.

  64. Ebright, S. 2000. Developing and implementing a Weed Management Area: The Plumas-Sierra counties experience. Proc. California Weed Science Society 52:144-145.

  65. Edwards, B. 1989. Research to control yellow star thistle: the dilemma between a valuable honey plant and a noxious weed. American Bee Journal 129:489-490.

  66. Enloe, S., J.M. DiTomaso, S. Orloff, and D. Drake. 1999a. Integrated management of yellow starthistle on California rangeland. Proc., California Weed Science Society 51:24-27.

  67. Enloe, S., J.M. DiTomaso, S.B. Orloff, and D. Drake. 1999b. Selective yellow starthistle management and revegetation strategies for annual rangelands. Proc., Forest Vegetation Management Conference 20:29-32.

  68. Enloe, S.F., J.M. DiTomaso, S. Orloff, and D. Drake. 2000. Integrated strategies for the attrition of yellow starthistle on Northern California rangeland. Proc., California Weed Science Society 52:31-34.

  69. Evans, R. R. 1998. Transline/fertilizer combination boosts forage on range. Ag Alert. Sept. 23.

  70. Ferrell, M.A., T.D. Whitson, D.W. Koch, and A.E. Gade. 1993. Integrated control of leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) with Bozoisky Russian wildrye (Psathyrostachys juncea) and Luna pubescent wheatgrass (Agropyron intermedium var. trichophorum). Proc., West. Soc. Weed Sci. 46:36-38.

  71. Fornasari, L. and R. Sobhian. 1993. Life history of Eustenopus villosus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), a promising biological control agent for yellow starthistle. Environmental Entomologist 22:684-692.

  72. Fornasari, L. and C.E. Turner. 1992. Host specificity of the Palearctic weevil Larinus curtus Hochhut (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), a natural enemy of Centaurea solstitialis L. (Asteraceae: Cardueae). Delfosse, E. S. and R. R. Scott, eds. Melbourne. Proc, VIII International Symposium on Biological Control of Weeds. 8.

  73. Fornasari, L., C.E. Turner, and L.A. Andres. 1991. Eustenopus villosus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) for biological control of yellow starthistle (Asteraceae: Cardueae) in North America. Environ. Entomol. 20(4):1187-1194.

  74. Fuerst, E.P., M.A. Norman, G.P. Irzyk, T.S. Prather, and R.H. Callihan. 1994. Picloram-resistant yellow starthistle: cross-resistance and absorption, translocation, and metabolism of picloram. Proc., West. Soc. Weed Sci. 47:88-89.

  75. Fuerst, E.P., T.M. Sterling, M.A. Norman, T.S. Prather, G.P. Irzyk, Y. Wu, N.K. Lownds, and R.H. Callihan. 1996. Physiological characterization of picloram resistance in yellow starthistle. Pestic. Biochem. Physiol. 56:149-161.

  76. Fuller, T.C. and G.D. Barbe. 1985. The Bradley method of eliminating exotic plants from natural reserves. Fremontia 13(2):24-25.

  77. Gaiser, D.R., V.F. Carrithers, and C. Duncan. 1997. Efficacy of picloram or clopyralid applications at three timings on spotted knapweed or yellow starthistle. Proc., West. Soc. Weed Sci. 50:42-44.

  78. Gerlach, J.D., Jr. 1997a. How the west was lost: reconstructing the invasion dynamics of yellow starthistle and other plant invaders of western rangelands and natural areas. Proc., California Exotic Pest Plant Council Symposium 3:67-72.

  79. Gerlach, J.D., Jr. 1997b. The introduction, dynamics of geographic range expansion, and ecosystem effects of yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis). Proc., California Weed Science Society 49:136-141.

  80. Gerlach, J.D., A. Dyer, and K.J. Rice. 1998. Grassland and foothill woodland ecosystems of the Central Valley. Fremontia 26:39-43.

  81. Gibbs, L.A., M.W. Murray, T.M. Sterling, and N.K. Lownds. 1995. Comparison of picloram-resistant and -susceptible yellow starthistle in a replacement series. Proc., West. Soc. Weed Sci. 48:26.

  82. Giesy, J.P., S. Dobson, and K.R. Solomon. 2000. Ecotoxicological risk assessment for Roundup herbicide. Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 167:35-120.

  83. Goeden, R.D. 1993. Arthropods for suppression of terrestrial weeds. Pages 231-237. R. D. Lumsden, R.D. and J.L. Vaughn, eds. In, Pest Management: Biologically Based Technologies. Amer. Chem. Soc., Washington, DC.

  84. Goltz, L. 1999. Yellow starthistle on the hit list in California. American Bee Journal 139(5):383-384.

  85. Hamburger, M., J.L. Wolfender, and K. Hostettmann. 1993. Search for chlorinated sesquiterpene lactones in the neurotoxic thistle Centaurea solstitialis by liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy, and model studies on their possible artifactual formation. Nat. Toxins 1(6):315-327.

  86. Harrington, K.C. and W.T. Lanini. 2000. Phalaris aquatica. Pages 262-266. C. Bossard, J.M. Randall, M. Hoshovsky, eds. In, Invasive Plants of California's Wildlands. UC Press, Berkeley.

  87. Harrod, R.J. and R.J. Taylor. 1995. Reproduction and pollination biology of Centaurea and Acroptilon species, with emphasis on C. diffusa. Northwest Science 69(2):97-105.

  88. Hastings, M.S. and J.M. DiTomaso. 1996. The use of fire for yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis) management and the restoration of native grasslands at Sugarloaf Ridge State Park. Proc., California Weed Science Society 48:114-119.

  89. Henry, C. 1998. ATVs or 4-wheelers offer a stable platform for rough terrain weed management. Techline. Dec. issue, Pages 5-8.

  90. Hickman, J.C. 1993. The Jepson Manual. Higher Plants of California. Pages 222-223. University of California Press, Berkeley, CA.

  91. Huston, C., R.L. Sheley, R.H. Callihan, and D.C. Thill. 1982. Genotypic variation among yellow starthistle populations. Res. Prog. Rep. West. Soc. Weed Sci. pg. 33.

  92. Huston, C.H., R.L. Sheley, R.H. Callihan, D.L. Zamora, and D.C. Thill. 1983. Effect of maturation on viability and germination of yellow starthistle seed buried at three depths. Res. Prog. Rep. West. Soc. Weed Sci. pp. 43-44.

  93. Jacobs, J.S., M.F. Carpinelli, and R.L. Sheley. 1999. Revegetating noxious weed-infested rangeland. Pages 133-141. R.L. Sheley and J.K. Petroff, eds. In, Biology and Management of Noxious Rangeland Weeds. Oregon St. Univ. Press, Corvallis.

  94. Jette, C., J. Connett, and J.P. McCaffrey. 1999. Biology and biological control agents of yellow starthistle. [FHTET-98-17]. Morgantown, WV. Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team. 93 pp.

  95. Johnson, D. 1988. Forage species for replacement of yellow starthistle in Oregon. Knapweed 2:3.

  96. Johnson, D.E. and M.M. Borman. 1992. Yellow starthistle control research in Southwestern Oregon. Knapweed 6:3-4.

  97. Johnson, J.B., J.P. McCaffrey, and F.W. Merickel. 1992. Endemic phytophagous insects associated with yellow starthistle in northern Idaho. Pan-Pacific Entomologist 68(3):169-173.

  98. Joley, D.B., D.M. Maddox, B.E. Mackey, S.E. Schoenig, and K.A. Casanave. 1997. Effect of light and temperature on germination of dimorphic achenes of Centaurea solstitialis in California. Canadian Journal of Botany 75(12):2131-2139.

  99. Joley, D.B., D.M. Maddox, D.M. Supkoff, and A. Mayfield. 1992. Dynamics of yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis) achenes in field and laboratory. Weed Science 40:190-194.

  100. Johnson, S.A. 2000. Thistle and bush management for rural and foothill landowners. Proc., California Weed Science Society 52:20-25.

  101. Julien, M.H. 1989. Biological control of weeds worldwide: trend, rates of success and the future. Biocontr. News Info. 10:299-306.

  102. Julien, M.H. (ed.). 1992. Biological Control of Weeds: A World Catalogue of Agents and Their Target Weeds, 3rd ed., CAB International, Wallingford, U.K., 186 pp.

  103. Kelsey, R. and D. Bedunah. 1989. Ecological significance of allelopathy for Centaurea species in the Northwestern United States. Knapweed 3:1-3.

  104. Kiemnec, G.L. and M.L. McInnis. 1994. Management implications of yellow starthistle adaptations in the Pacific Northwest. Ecology and Management of Annual Rangelands. Pp. 83-84.

  105. Kingsbury, J.M. 1964. Poisonous Plant of the United States and Canada. Pages 396-397. Prentice-Hall, Inc. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey.

  106. Klisiewicz, J.M. 1986. Susceptibility of yellow starthistle to selected plant pathogens. Plant Disease 70:295-297.

  107. Knapp, E.E. and K.J. Rice. 1997. Ecotypes of native species: how local is local in restoration plantings? Proc., California Exotic Pest Plant Council Symposium 3:51-55.

  108. Larson, L. 1994. Comparative growth and competition between cheatgrass and yellow starthistle seedlings. Knapweed 8:3-4.

  109. Larson, L. and G. Kiemnec. 1997. Differential germination by dimorphic achenes of yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis L.) under water stress. J. Arid Environ. 37(1):107-114.

  110. Larson, L., G. Kiemnec, and M. McInnis. 1992. Effects of water and salt stress on yellow starthistle germination and root growth. Knapweed 6:3.

  111. Larson, L.L. and M.L. McInnis. 1989a. Impact of grass seedlings on establishment and density of diffuse knapweed and yellow starthistle. Northwest Science 63:162-166.

  112. Larson, L.L. and M.L. McInnis. 1989b. Response of yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis) and grass biomass to grass, picloram, and fertilizer combinations. Weed Technology 3:497-500.

  113. Larson, L.L. and R.L. Sheley. 1994. Ecological relationships between yellow starthistle and cheatgrass. Ecology and Management of Annual Rangeland. Pp. 92-94.

  114. Larson, K.A. and S. Young. 1970. Nigropallidal encephalomalacia in horses in Colorado [Centaurea solstitialis]. Amer. Vet. Med. Assoc. J. 156(5):626-628.

  115. Lass, L.W. and R.H. Callihan. 1994a. Fall application of herbicides to yellow starthistle. Res. Prog. Rep. West. Soc. Weed Sci. pg. I-39-40.

  116. Lass, L.W. and R.H. Callihan. 1994b. Herbicide evaluation for yellow starthistle control. Res. Prog. Rep. West. Soc. Weed Sci. pg. I-41-42.

  117. Lass, L.W. and R.H. Callihan. 1995a. The effects of grass planting time on establishment in yellow starthistle infestations. Res. Prog. Rep. West. Soc. Weed Sci. pg. 33.

  118. Lass, L.W. and R.H. Callihan. 1995b. Testing the potential use of quinclorac for yellow starthistle control. Res. Prog. Rep. West. Soc. Weed Sci. pg. 31-32.

  119. Lass, L.W., R.H. Callihan, and F.E. Northam. 1993a. Effects of winter and spring applied herbicides on picloram resistant yellow starthistle. Res. Prog. Rep. West. Soc. Weed Sci. pg. I-102.

  120. Lass, L.W., R.H. Callihan, and F.E. Northam. 1993b. Yellow starthistle control in semiarid annual non-crop grassland. Res. Prog. Rep. West. Soc. Weed Sci. pg. I-103-104.

  121. Lass, L.W., H.W. Carson, and R.H. Callihan. 1995. Detecting yellow starthistle with high resolution remote sensing equipment. Res. Prog. Rep. West. Soc. Weed Sci. pp. 34-35.

  122. Lass, L.W., H.W. Carson, and R.H. Callihan. 1996. Detection of yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis) and common St. Johnswort (Hypericum perforatum) with multispectral digital imagery. Weed Technology 10:466-474.

  123. Lass, L.W., B. Shafii, W.J. Price and D.C. Thill. 2000. Assessing agreement in multispectral images of yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis) with ground truth data using a Bayesian methodology. Weed Technology 14:539-544.

  124. Maddox, D.M. 1981. Introduction, phenology, and density of yellow starthistle in coastal, intercoastal, and central valley situations in California. ARR-W-20, pp. 1-33. USDA-ARS.

  125. Maddox, D.M., D.B. Joley, A. Mayfield, and B.E. Machey. 1991. Impact of Bangasternus orientalis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on achene production of Centaurea solstitialis (Asterales: Asteraceae) at a low and high elevation site in California. Environmental Entomology 20:335-337.

  126. Maddox, D.M., D.B. Joley, D.M. Supkoff, and A. Mayfield. 1996. Pollination biology of yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis) in California. Canadian Journal of Botany 74:262-267.

  127. Maddox, D.M. and A. Mayfield. 1985. Yellow starthistle infestations are on the increase. California Agriculture 39(11/12):10-12.

  128. Maddox, D.M., A. Mayfield, and N.H. Poritz. 1985. Distribution of yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis) and Russian knapweed (Centaurea repens). Weed Science 33(3):315-327.

  129. Maddox, D.M., A. Mayfield, and C.E. Turner. 1990. Host specificity of Chaetorellia australis (Diptera: Tephritidae) for biological control of yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis, Asteraceae). Proc., Entomological Society of Washington 92:426-430.

  130. Maddox, D.M. and R. Sobhian. 1987. Field experiment to determine host specificity and oviposition behavior of Bangasternus orientalis and Bangasternus fausti (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), biological control candidates for yellow starthistle and diffuse knapweed. Environment Entomology 16:645-648.

  131. Maddox, D.M., R. Sobhian, D.B. Joley, A. Mayfield, and D. Supkoff. 1986. New biological control for yellow starthistle. California Agriculture 40(11/12):4-5.

  132. Martin, A.A., F.G. Yanarella, R.A. Maurel, and J. Ruager. 1971. Nigropallidal encephalomalacia in horses provocated by chronic intoxication with yellow star thistle (Centaurea solstitialis). Analecta Vet. 3(1/3):43-53.

  133. McCaffrey, J. P. and L.M. Wilson. 1994. Assessment of biological control of exotic broadleaf weeds in Intermountain rangelands. Ecology and Management of Annual Rangelands. pp. 101-102.

  134. McHenry, W.B., R.B. Bushnell, M.N. Oliver, and R.F. Norris. 1990. Three poisonous plants common in pastures and hay. Leaflet No. 21483, 10 pp. Cooperative Extension, University of California. Publication.

  135. Merrill, G.B. 1989. Eupatoriochromene and encecalin, plant growth regulators from yellow starthistle. Journal of Chemical Ecology 15:2073-2087.

  136. Merrill, G.B. and K.L. Stevens. 1985. Sesquiterpene lactones from Centaurea solstitialis. Phytochemistry 24:2013-2018.

  137. Mettler, F.A. and G.M. Stern. 1963. Observations on the toxic effects of yellow star thistle. Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology 22:164-169.

  138. Miller, T.W., S.L. Shinn, R.H. Callihan, L.W. Lass, and D.C. Thill. 1998. Livestock trampling of grass seedlings for enhanced establishment on yellow starthistle-infested rangelands. Proc., Western Society of Weed Science 51:114-116.

  139. Mullin, B.H., L.W.J. Anderson, J.M. DiTomaso, R.E. Epliee and K.D. Getsinger. 2000. Invasive plant species. Council for Agricultural Science and Technology. Issue Paper. No. 13, 18 pp.

  140. Northam, F.E. and R.H. Callihan. 1988a. Adaptation of selected grasses to a semi-arid yellow starthistle infested site. Res. Prog. Rep. West. Soci. Weed Sci. Pp. 64-67.

  141. Northam, F.E. and R.H. Callihan. 1988b. Perennial grass response to environment and herbicides in a yellow starthistle site. Proc., West. Soc. Weed Sci. 41:84-86.

  142. Northam, F.E. and R.H. Callihan. 1988c. Yellow starthistle presence in 29 month-old stands of eight grasses. Res. Prog. Rep. West. Soc. Weed Sci. Pp. 60-63.

  143. Northam, F.E. and R.H. Callihan. 1989. The effects of herbicides on the species composition of an annual weed community. Res. Prog. Rep. West Soc. Weed Sci. Pp. 112-115.

  144. Northam, F.E. and R.H. Callihan. 1990a. Evaluation of soil conservation plant materials for herbicide tolerance and revegetating semi-arid land infested with yellow starthistle. Res. Prog. Rep. West Soc. Weed Sci. Pp. 75-78.

  145. Northam, F.E. and R.H. Callihan. 1990b. Grass adaptation to semi-arid, yellow starthistle infested canyonland. Res. Prog. Rep. West Soc. Weed Sci. Pp. 79-82.

  146. Northam, F.E. and R.H. Callihan. 1991. Effects of herbicides on yellow starthistle density and vegetation biomass components of a rangeland yellow starthistle weed community. Res. Prog. Rep. West Soc. Weed Sci. Pp. 43-46.

  147. Northam, F.E. and R.H. Callihan. 1994. Interpreting germination results based on differing embryonic emergence criteria. Weed Science 42:474-481.

  148. Northam, F. E., T. S. Prather, and R. H. Callihan. 1989. Viability and germination of buried yellow starthistle seed. Res. Prog. Rep. West Soc. Weed Sci. Pp. 124-126.

  149. 147. Olkowski, H. and W. Olkowski. 1992. Using animals for weed management. Common Sense Pest Control Quarterly 8(2):5-13.

  150. Olson, B.E. 1999. Grazing and weeds. Pages 85-96. R.L. Sheley and J.K. Petroff, eds. In, Biology and Management of Noxious Rangeland Weeds. Oregon St. Univ. Press, Corvallis.

  151. Panter, K.E. 1990. Toxicity of knapweed in horses. Knapweed 4:3-4.

  152. Panter, K.E. 1991. Neurotoxicity of the knapweeds (Centaurea spp.) in horses. Pages 316-324, L. F. James, J. O. Evans, M. H. Ralphs, and R. D. Child, eds. In, Noxious Range Weeds. Westview Press, San Francisco, CA.

  153. Pitcairn, M.J. 1999. Advancements in biological control of weed species via insects and fungi. Proc., Forest Vegetation Management Conference 20:60-63.

  154. Pitcairn, M.J and J.M. DiTomaso. 2000. Rangeland and uncultivated areas: integrating biological control agents and herbicides for starthistle control. Pages 65-72, M.S. Hoddle (ed.), In, California Conference on Biological Control II.

  155. Pitcairn, M.J. and J.M. DiTomaso, and J. Fox. 1999a. Integrating chemical and biological control methods for control of yellow starthistle. Pages 77-82. D.M. Woods, ed. In, Biological Control Program Annual Report, 1998. California Department of Food and Agriculture, Plant Health and Pest Prevention Services, Sacramento, CA.

  156. Pitcairn, M.J., J.M. DiTomaso, and V. Popescu. 2000a. Integrating chemical and biological control methods for control of yellow starthistle. Pages 58-61. D.M. Woods, ed. In, Biological Control Program Annual Summary, 1999. California Department of Food and Agriculture, Plant Health and Pest Prevention Services, Sacramento, CA.

  157. Pitcairn, M.J., D.B. Joley and D.M. Woods. 1997. Impact of plant density on yellow starthistle seedhead production. Pages 59-61. D.M. Woodls, ed. In Biological Control Program Annual Summary, 1996. California Department of Food and Agriculture, Plant Health and Pest Prevention Services, Sacramento, CA.

  158. Pitcairn M.J., D.B. Joley, D.M. Woods, and V. Popescu. 1998a. Impact of Chaetorellia succinea on yellow starthistle, Centaurea solstitialis. Page 57 D.M. Woods, ed. In, Biological Control Program Annual Summary, 1997. California Department of Food and Agriculture, Plant Health and Pest Prevention Services, Sacramento, CA.

  159. Pitcairn, M.J., R.A. O'Connell, and J.M. Gendron. 1998b. Yellow starthistle: survey of statewide distribution. Pages 64-66. D.M. Woods, ed. In, Biological Control Program Annual Summary, 1997. California Department of Food and Agriculture, Plant Health and Pest Prevention Services, Sacramento, CA.

  160. Pitcairn M.J., V. Popescu, D.B. Joley, and D.M. Woods. 1998c. Estimating the number of flowers per head from head diameter in yellow starthistle in California. Pages 60-63. D.M. Woods, ed. In, Biological Control Program Annual Summary, 1997. California Department of Food and Agriculture, Plant Health and Pest Prevention Services, Sacramento, CA.

  161. Pitcairn, M.J., D.M. Woods, D.B. Joley, D.G. Fogle, and V. Popescu. 2000b. Impact of seedling pathogens on yellow starthistle in California. Pages 52-54. D.M. Woods, ed. In, Biological Control Program Annual Summary, 1999. California Department of Food and Agriculture, Plant Health and Pest Prevention Services, Sacramento, CA.

  162. Pitcairn, M.J., D.M. Woods, D.B. Joley, and V. Popescu. 2000c. Five-year population buildup and combined impact of biological control insects on yellow starthistle. Pages 55-57. D.M. Woods, ed. In, Biological Control Program Annual Summary, 1999. California Department of Food and Agriculture, Plant Health and Pest Prevention Services, Sacramento, CA.

  163. Pitcairn M.J., D.M. Woods, E.F. Van Mantgem, and R.K. Wall. 1999b. Endemic natural enemy fauna of yellow starthistle and purple starthistle in central California. Pages 83-84. D.M. Woods, ed. In, Biological Control Program Annual Summary, 1998. California Department of Food and Agriculture, Plant Health and Pest Prevention Services, Sacramento, CA.

  164. Prather, T.S. 1994. Biology of yellow starthistle. Proc., California Weed Conference 46:219-223.

  165. Prather, T.S. and R.H. Callihan. 1989a. Interactions between a yellow starthistle community and a pubescent wheatgrass community. Res. Prog. Rep. West. Soc. Weed Sci. Pp. 81-83.

  166. Prather, T.S. and R.H. Callihan. 1989b. Yellow starthistle trends in perennial and annual communities. Res. Prog. Rep. West Soc. Weed Sci. Pg. 130.

  167. Prather, T.S. and R.H. Callihan. 1990. Yellow starthistle population dynamics in perennial and annual communities. Res. Prog. Rep. West Soc. Weed Sci. Pp. 87-88.

  168. Prather, T.S. and R.H. Callihan. 1991. Interference between yellow starthistle and pubescent wheatgrass during grass establishment. Journal of Range Management 44(5):443-447.

  169. Prather, T.S., R.H. Callihan, and D.C. Thill. 1988. Revegetating yellow starthistle infested land with intermediate wheatgrass. Res. Prog. Rep. West Soc. Weed Sci. Pp. 68-69.

  170. Prather, T.S., P. Fuerst, and R.H. Callihan. 1991. Uptake and translocation of picloram in apparently resistant and known susceptible yellow starthistle. Res. Prog. Rep. West. Soc. Weed Sci. Pp. 312-315.

  171. Price, W.J., B. Shafii, L.W. Lass, and D.C. Thill. 1998. Assessing variability of agreement measures in remote sensing using a Bayesian approach. Appl. Stat. Agric. Pp. 43-54.

  172. Randall, J.M. 1994. Weeds and the preservation of natural areas. Proc., California Weed Science Society 46:143-154.

  173. Rees, N.E. 1978. Interactions of Rhinocyllus conicus and thistles in the Gallatin Valley. Pages 31-38. K.E. Frick, editor. In, Biological Control of Thistles in the Genus Carduus in the United States. USDA Science and Education Administration, Agricultural Research Service. Washington, D.C.

  174. Rejmanek, M. 1999. Invasive plant species and invasible ecosystems. Pages 79-102. O.T. Sandlund, P.J. Schei, and A. Viken, eds. In, Invasive Species and Biodiversity Management. Kluwer Academic Publ., Dordrecht.

  175. Robles, M., B.H. Choi, B. Han, K. Santa Cruz and R.C. Kim. 1998. Repin-induced neurotoxicity in rodents. Exp. Neurol. 152(2):129-136.

  176. Roché, B. 1965. Ecologic studies of yellow star-thistle (Centaurea solstitialis L.). 1965. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Idaho.

  177. Roché, B. 1991a. Yellow starthistle: wind, birds, and humans. Knapweed 5:3-4.

  178. Roché, B.F. and C.T. Roché. 1991. Identification, introduction, distribution, ecology, and economics of Centaurea species. Pages 274-291, L. F. James, J. O. Evans, M. H. Ralphs, and R. D. Child, eds. In, Noxious Range Weeds. Westview Press. Boulder, CO.

  179. Roché, B.F., Jr. 1991b. Seeds-From start to finish. Knapweed 5:1.

  180. Roché, B.F., Jr. 1992. Achene dispersal in yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis L.). Northwest Science 66:62-65.

  181. Roché, B.F., Jr., C.T. Roché, and R.C. Chapman. 1994. Impacts of grassland habitat on yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis L.) invasion. Northwest Science 68:86-96.

  182. Roché, C. 1990. Yellow starthistle seeded after Hells Canyon fire. Knapweed 4:4.

  183. Roché, C. 1991c. Bighead knapweed (Centaurea macrocephala Puschk.). Weeds. A Pacific Northwest Extension Publication, #PNW386. Washington, Idaho, Oregon. 2 pp.

  184. Roché, C.T. and B.F. Roché, Jr. 1988. Distribution and amount of four knapweed (Centaurea L.) species in eastern Washington. Northwest Science 62:242-253.

  185. Roché, C.T. and B.F. Roché, Jr. 1993. Identification of knapweeds and starthistles in the Pacific Northwest. A Pacific Northwest Extension Publication, #PNW432. Washington, Idaho, Oregon. 22 pp.

  186. Roché, C.T., D.C. Thill, and B. Shafii. 1997. Reproductive phenology in yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis). Weed Science 45:763-770.

  187. Rosenthal, S.S., G. Campobasso, L. Fornasari, R. Sobhian, and C.E. Turner. 1991. Biological Control of Centaurea spp. Pages 292-302, L.F. James, J.O. Evans, M.H. Ralphs, and R.D. Child, eds. In, Noxious Range Weeds. Westview Press. Boulder, CO.

  188. Roy, D.N., D.H. Peyton, and P.S. Spencer. 1995. Isolation and identification of two potent neurotoxins, aspartic acid and glutamic acid, from yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis). Natural Toxins 3:174-180.

  189. Rusmore, J.T. 1995. Use of fire and cutting to control yellow starthistle. Pages 13-19, Kelly, M. and Lovich, J., eds. Proc., California Exotic Pest Plant Council Symposium.

  190. Sabba, R.P., T.M. Sterling, and N.K. Lownds. 1998. Effect of picloram on resistant and susceptible yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis): the role of ethylene. Weed Science 46:297-300.

  191. Schirman, R.D. 1991. Follow-up necessary for yellow starthistle control. Knapweed 5(4):3-4.

  192. Schoenig, S.E. 2000a. Weed Management Areas in California. Proc., Forest Vegetation Management Conference 21:96-97.

  193. Schoenig, S.E. 2000b. Weed Management Areas in California. Proc., California Weed Science Society 52:141-143.

  194. Schumacher, A.E., R.L. Sheley, R.H. Callihan, and D.C. Thill. 1982. Chemotaxonomic analysis of seed proteins as a means of biotype identification of yellow starthistle. Res. Prog. Rep. West Soc. Weed Sci. Pp. 31-32.

  195. Scott, T. and N. Pratini. 1995. Habitat fragmentation: the sum of the pieces is less than the whole. California Agriculture 49(6):56.

  196. Sheley, R.L., R.H. Callihan, C.H. Huston, and D.C. Thill. 1983a. Genotypic variation among yellow starthistle populations. Res. Prog. Rep. West Soc. Weed Sci. Pp. 53-54.

  197. Sheley, R.L., R.H. Callihan, and D.C. Thill. 1982a. Survey of yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis) infestations in Idaho. Res. Prog. Rep. West Soc. Weed Sci. Pp. 29-31.

  198. Sheley, R.L., C.L. Huston, R.H. Callihan, and D.C. Thill. 1982b. Effect of maturation on viability and germination of yellow starthistle seed buried at 3 depths. Res. Prog. Rep. West Soc. Weed Sci. Pg. 35.

  199. Sheley, R.L., J.S. Jacobs, and M.F. Carpinelli. 1998. Distribution, biology, and management of diffuse knapweed (Centaurea diffusa) and spotted knapweed (Centaurea maculosa). Weed Technol. 12:353-362.

  200. Sheley, R.L., S. Kedzie-Webb, and B.D. Maxwell. 1999a. Integrated weed management on rangeland. Pages 57-68 in R. L. Sheley and J. K. Petroff, eds. Biology and Management of Noxious Rangeland Weeds. Oregon St. Univ. Press, Corvallis.

  201. Sheley, R. and L. Larson. 1992. Is yellow starthistle replacing cheatgrass? Knapweed 6(4):3.

  202. Sheley, R.L. and L.L. Larson. 1994a. Observation: Comparative live-history of cheatgrass and yellow starthistle. Journal of Range Management 47:450-456.

  203. Sheley, R.L. and L.L. Larson. 1994b. Comparative growth and interference between cheatgrass and yellow starthistle seedlings. Journal of Range Management 47:470-474.

  204. Sheley, R.L. and L.L. Larson. 1994c. Comparative growth and competition between cheatgrass and yellow starthistle seedlings. Knapweed 8(2):3-4.

  205. Sheley, R.L. and L.L. Larson. 1995. Interference between cheatgrass and yellow starthistle at 3 soil depths. Journal of Range Management 48:392-397.

  206. Sheley, R.L. and L.L. Larson. 1997. Cheatgrass and yellow starthistle growth at 3 soil depths. Journal of Range Management 50(2):146-150.

  207. Sheley, R.L., L.L. Larson, and J.S. Jacobs. 1999b. Yellow starthistle. Pages 409-416. Sheley, R.L. and J.K. Petroff, eds. In, Biology and Management of Noxious Rangeland Weeds. Oregon State University Press, Corvallis.

  208. Sheley, R.L., L.L. Larson, and D.E. Johnson. 1993. Germination and root dynamics of range weeds and forage species. Weed Technology 7(1):234-237.

  209. Sheley, R.L., M. Manoukian, and G. Marks. 1999c. Preventing noxious weed invasion. Pages 69-72 in R. L. Sheley and J. K. Petroff, eds. Biology and Management of Noxious Rangeland Weeds. Oregon St. Univ. Press, Corvallis.

  210. Sheley, R.L., B.F. Roche, and R.H. Callihan. 1983b. Genetypic variation among yellow starthistle populations. Proc., West. Soc. Weed Sci. 36:200.

  211. Sheley, R.L., D.L. Zamora, C.H. Huston, R.H. Callihan, and D.C. Thill. 1983c. Seed and seedling root growth characteristics of several populations of yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis L.). Res. Prog. Rep. West Soc. Weed Sci. Pp. 62-63.

  212. Shinn, S.L., T.W. Miller, and D.C. Thill. 1998. Yellow starthistle control with imazapic. Res. Prog. Rep. West Soc. Weed Sci. pp. 20.

  213. Shinn, S.L. and D.C. Thill. 1999. Yellow starthistle response to imazapic. Proc., Western Society of Weed Science 52:39.

  214. Shinn, S. L. and D. C. Thill. 2000a. The effect of imazapic on yellow starthistle control and pasture grass production. Res. Prog. Rep. West Soc. Weed Sci. Pg. 29.

  215. Shinn, S.L. and D.C. Thill. 2000b. Yellow starthistle control with imazapic. Res. Prog. Rep.West. Soc. Weed Sci. Pg. 30.

  216. Shishkoff, N. and W. Bruckart. 1993. Evaluation of infection of target and nontarget hosts by isolates of the potential biocontrol agent Puccinia jaceae that infects Centaurea spp. Phytopathology 83:894-898.

  217. Shishkoff, N. and W.L. Bruckart. 1996. Water stress and damage caused by Puccinia jaceae on two Centaurea species. Biol. Control 6(1):57-63.

  218. Smathers, R.L., R.O. Brooks, and E.L. Michalson. 1985. Controlling yellow starthistle economic considerations. Bull. Idaho Agric. Exp. Stn. 8(650):1-8.

  219. Sobhian, R. 1993a. Two biotypes of Bangasternus orientalis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) found in Greece. Proc., Entomol. Soc. Wash. D.C. 95(2):163-164.

  220. Sobhian, R. 1993b. Life history and host specificity of Urophora sirunaseva (Hering) (Dipt., Tephritidae), a candidate for biological control of yellow starthistle, with remarks on the host plant. Journal of Applied Entomology 116:381-390.

  221. Sobhian, R., G. Campobasso, and P.H. Dunn. 1992. Contribution to the biology of Bangasternus orientalis Capiomont (Col., Curculionidae). Journal of Applied Entomology 113:93-102.

  222. Sobhian, R. and L. Fornasari. 1994. Biology of Larinus curtus Hochhut (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), a European weevil for biological control of yellow starthistle, Centaurea solstitialis L. (Asteraceae), in the United States. Biol. Control 4(4):328-335.

  223. Sobhian, R. and I.S. Pittara. 1988. A contribution to the biology, phenology and host specificity of Chaetorellia hexachaeta Loew (Dipt., Tephritidae), a possible candidate for the biological control of yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis L.). Journal of Applied Entomology 106:444-450.

  224. Sterling, T.M., N. K. Lownds, E.P. Fuerst, T.S. Prather, and R.H. Callihan. 1991. Potential mechanism of picloram resistance in yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitalis L.). Weed Science Society of America Abstracts 31:80.

  225. Stevens, K.L. and G.B. Merrill. 1985. Sesquiterpene lactones and allelochemicals from Centaurea species. Pages 83-98. In, A.C. Thompson, ed. In, The Chemistry of Allelopathy. Ser. Am. Chem. Soc. No. 268. Am. Chem. Soc. Sym.

  226. Stevens, K.L., S.C. Witt, and C.E. Turner. 1990. Polyacetylenes in related thistles of the subtribes Centaureinae and Carduinae. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 18:229-232.

  227. Sun, M. 1997. Population genetic structure of yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis), a colonizing weed in the western United States. Canadian Journal of Botany 75(9):1470-1478.

  228. Sun, M. and K. Ritland. 1998. Mating system of yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis), a successful colonizer in North America. Heredity 80:225-232.

  229. Sunderland, A. 1976. Yellow starthistle [Centaurea solstitialis]--a major range weed problem. Pract. Nutr. 10(3):22-24.

  230. Thomas, F. 1996. Using annual legumes to manage weeds. Proc., California Weed Science Society 48:120-122.

  231. Thomas, F. 1997. Selecting cover crops to suppress weeds. Proc., California Weed Science Society 49:68-71.

  232. Thomsen, C.D., M.P. Vayssieres, and W.A. Williams. 1994. Grazing and mowing management of yellow starthistle. Proc., California Weed Conference 46:228-230.

  233. Thomsen, C.D., M.P. Vayssieres, and W.A. Williams. 1997. Mowing and subclover plantings suppress yellow starthistle. California Agriculture 51(6):15-20.

  234. Thomsen, C.D., W.A. Williams, and M.R. George. 1990. Managing yellow starthistle on annual range with cattle. Knapweed 4:3-4.

  235. Thomsen, C.D., W.A. Williams, M.R. George, W.B. McHenry, F.L. Bell, and R.S. Knight. 1989. Managing yellow starthistle on rangeland. California Agriculture 43(5):4-7.

  236. Thomsen, C.D., W.A. Williams, W. Olkowski, and D.W. Pratt. 1996a. Grazing, mowing and clover plantings control yellow starthistle. The IPM Practitioner 18:1-4.

  237. Thomsen, C.D., W.A. Williams, M. Vayssiéres, and F.L. Bell. 1994. Yellow starthistle control. Range Science Report #33, 6 pp.

  238. Thomsen, C.D., W.A. Williams, M. Vayssiéres, F.L. Bell, and M.R. George. 1993. Controlled grazing on annual grassland decreases yellow starthistle. California Agriculture 47(6):36-40.

  239. Thomsen, C.D., W.A. Williams, M. Vayssieres, C.E. Turner, and W.T. Lanini. 1996b. Yellow starthistle biology and control. Univ. Calif., Div. Agr. Nat. Res. Publication #21541. 19 pp.

  240. Turner, C.E. 1992. Biological approaches to weed management. Pages 32-67. T. Beall, ed., In, Beyond Pesticides. Biological Approaches to Pest Management in California. Div. Ag. Nat. Resources, Univ. Calif., Oakland.

  241. Turner, C.E. 1994. Host specificity and oviposition of Urophora sirunaseva (Hering) (Diptera: Tephritidae), a natural enemy of yellow starthistle. Proc., Entomological Society of Washington 96:31-36.

  242. Turner, C.E. and L. Fornasari. 1992. Biological control of yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis L.) in North America. Delfosse, E. S. and Scott, R. R., eds. Proc., Eighth International Symposium on Biological Control of Weeds. Canterbury, New Zealand. 8:1-13.

  243. Turner, C.E., G.L. Piper, and E.M. Coombs. 1996. Chaetorellia australis (Diptera: Tephritidae) for biological control of yellow starthistle, Centaurea solstitialis (Compositae), in the western USA: establishment and seed destruction. Bull. Entomol. Res. 86(2):177-182.

  244. Turner, C.E., R. Sobhian, D.B. Joley, E.M. Coombs, and G.L. Piper. 1994. Establishment of Urophora sirunaseva (Hering) (Diptera: Tephritidae) for biological control of yellow starthistle in the Western United States. Pan-Pacific Entomologist 70:206-211.

  245. Valenzuela-Valenzuela, J., N.K. Lownds, and T.M. Sterling. 1997. Clopyralid uptake, translocation and ethylene production in resistant and susceptible yellow starthistle plants. Proc., West. Soc. Weed Sci. 50:36.

  246. Villegas, B. 1998. Distribution of the yellow starthistle seedhead flies, Chaetorellia succinea and Chaetorellia australis in California. Pages 55-56. D.M. Woods, ed. In, Biological Control Program Annual Summary, 1997. California Department of Food and Agriculture, Plant Health and Pest Prevention Services, Sacramento, CA.

  247. Villegas, B., T. Lenigar, and D. Haines. 2000a. Releases of the hairy weevil, Eustenopus villosus, in California for the biological control of yellow starthistle. Pages 47-50. D.M. Woods, ed. In, Biological Control Program Annual Summary, 1999. California Department of Food and Agriculture, Plant Health and Pest Prevention Services, Sacramento, CA.

  248. Villegas, B., D.A. Mayhew and J. Balciunas. 1999. Survey of Chaetorellia seedhead flies on commercial and non-commercial safflower in California. Pages 85-87. D.M. Woods, ed. In, Biological Control Program Annual Summary, 1998. California Department of Food and Agriculture, Plant Health and Pest Prevention Services, Sacramento, CA.

  249. Villegas, B., D.A. Mayhew, F. Hrusa, and J. Balciunas. 2000b. Survey of Chaetorellia seedhead flies on Cirsium thistles in close proximity to Centaurea spp. in California. Pages 62-63. D.M. Woods, ed. In, Biological Control Program Annual Summary, 1999. California Department of Food and Agriculture, Plant Health and Pest Prevention Services, Sacramento, CA.

  250. Villegas, B., M. J. Pitcairn, and E. Coombs. 2000c. Releases of Nosema-free Larinus curtus for the biological control of yellow starthistle in California in 1992-1999. Pages 35-37. D.M. Woods, ed. In, Biological Control Program Annual Summary, 1999. California Department of Food and Agriculture, Plant Health and Pest Prevention Services, Sacramento, CA.

  251. Weber, E. 1985. Grazing management controls weeds. Soil and Water Conservation News 6:4-5.

  252. Westbrooks, R.G. 1991. Plant protection issues. I. A commentary on new weeds in the United States. Weed Technology 5(1):232-237.

  253. White, I.M. and S.L. Clement. 1987. Systematic notes on Urophora (Diptera, Tephritidae) species associated with Centaurea solstitialis (Asteraceae, Cardueae) and other palaeartic weeds adventive in North America. Proc., Entomol. Soc. Wash. 89(3):571-580.

  254. White, I.M., K. Groppe, and R. Sobhian. 1990. Tephritids of knapweeds, starthistles and safflower: results of a host choice experiment and the taxonomy of Terellia luteola (Wiedemann) (Diptera:Tephritidae). Bull., Entomological Research 80:107-111.

  255. Wilson, L.M. and J.P. MacCaffrey. 1999. Biological control of noxious rangeland weeds. Pages 97-116. R.L. Sheley and J.K. Petroff, eds. In, Biology and Management of Noxious Rangeland Weeds. Oregon St. Univ. Press, Corvallis.

  256. Whitson, T.D. and R. Costa. 1986. Evaluation of various herbicides for control of yellowstar thistle (Centaurea solstitialis L.). Res. Prog. Rep. West. Soc. Weed Sci. Pg. 51.

  257. Woo, I., L. Swiadon, T. Drlik, and W. Quarles. 1999. Integrated management of yellow starthistle. IPM Practitioner 21(7):1-10.

  258. Wood, M. 1993. Weed-eating insects take the starthistle challenge. Agricultural Research 41:10-11.

  259. Woods, D.M. 1996. A new seedling disease of yellow starthistle, Centaurea solstitialis L. in California. Weed Science Society of America Abstracts 36:52.

  260. Woods, D.M. and D.G. Fogle. 1998. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides as a seedling disease of yellow starthistle, Centaurea solstitialis. Page 59. D.M. Woods, ed. In, Biological Control Program Annual Summary, 1997. California Department of Food and Agriculture, Plant Health and Pest Prevention Services Sacramento, CA.

  261. Woods, D.M., D.B. Joley and M.J. Pitcairn. 1998. Assessment of yellow starthistle at long term Eustenopus release sites. Pages 58-59. D.M. Woods, ed. In, Biological Control Program Annual Summary, 1997. California Department of Food and Agriculture, Plant Health and Pest Prevention Services, Sacramento, CA.

  262. Wrysinski, J., P. Robins, G. Veserat, and J.M. DiTomaso. 1999. Clopyralid demonstration trial Yolo County, California. Proc., California Weed Science Society 51:114-119.

  263. Young, S., W.W. Brown, and B. Klinger. 1970. Nigropallidal encephalomalacia in horses fed Russian knapweed (Centaurea repens L.). Amer. J. Vet. Res. 31(8):1393-1404.

  264. Young, J.A. and W.S. Longland. 1996. Impact of alien plants on Grant Basin rangeland. Weed Technol. 10:384-391.

  265. Zamora, D.L., R.H. Callihan, and D.C. Thill. 1983. The allelopathic potential of yellow starthistle. Res. Prog. Rep. West. Soc. Weed Sci. Pp. 310-311.

  266. Zamora, D. L. and D. C. Thill. 1999. Early detection and eradication of new weed infestations. Pages 73-84 in R. L. Sheley and J. K. Petroff, eds. Biology and Management of Noxious Rangeland Weeds. Oregon St. Univ. Press, Corvallis.

Next page