A Country Study: Nicaragua

• Nicaragua
• Foreword
• Acknowledgments
• Preface
• Country Profile
  • Geography
  • Society
  • Economy
  • Transportation and Communications
  • Government and Politics
  • National Security
• Introduction

• Chapter 1 - Historical Setting (Marisabel Brás)
  • Pre-Colonial Period
  • Colonial Period, 1522-1820
    • The Spanish Conquest
    • Colonial Rule
  • 19th Century
    • National Independence, 1821-57
    • Foreign Intervention, 1850-68
    • Conservative and Liberal Regimes, 1858-1909
  • The Early 20th Century and the Somoza Years, 1909- 79
    • United States Intervention, 1909-33
    • The Somoza Era, 1936-74
    • The Rise of the FSLN
    • The End of the Anastasio Somoza Debayle Era
    • The Sandinista Revolution
  • The Sandinista Years, 1979-90
    • Consolidation of the Revolution, 1979-80
    • Growth of Opposition, 1981-83
    • Institutionalization of the Revolution, 1984
    • The Regional Peace Effort and Retrenchment of the Revolution, 1986-90
    • The UNO Electoral Victory

• Chapter 2 - The Society and Its Environment (Dennis Gilbert)
  • Climate and Terrain
    • Natural Regions
    • Climate
  • Demography
  • Class Structure
  • Social Conditions
    • Education
    • Health
  • Family
  • The Lives of Women
  • Religion
  • Caribbean Society
  • The Sandinista Revolution on the Caribbean Coast

• Chapter 3 - The Economy (Barbara Annis)
  • Historical Background
    • Pre-Columbian and Colonial Era
    • The Coffee Boom, 1840s-1940s
    • Diversification and Growth, 1945-77
    • Legacy of the Sandinista Revolution, 1977-79
    • The Sandinista Era, 1979-90
    • The Chamorro Era, 1990-
  • Nationalization and the Private Sector
    • Nationalization under the Sandinistas
    • Privatization and the Private Sector
    • The Issue of Land Ownership
  • Finance
    • Banking
    • Currency
    • Inflation
    • Tax Reform
    • Deficits
  • External Sector
    • Foreign Trade and the Balance of Payments
    • Foreign Aid
    • External Debt
  • Labor
    • Composition of the Labor Force
    • Employment Conditions
    • Organized Labor
    • Unemployment and Underemployment
    • Wages
    • Labor Unrest
  • Industry
  • Agriculture
    • Agricultural Policy
    • Crops
      • Coffee
      • Cotton
      • Bananas
      • Other Crops
    • Livestock
  • Natural Resources and Conservation
    • Fishing and Forestry
    • Mining
    • Conservation and the Environment
  • Services
    • Transportation
    • Telecommunications
    • Electric Power and Energy
  • Prospects

• Chapter 4 - Government and Politics (Nina Serafino)
  • The Chamorro Government Takes Power
  • Constitutional Background
    • The Executive
    • The Legislature
    • The Judiciary
    • Local Government
    • Public Administration
  • Political Dynamics
    • Conflict Between the Executive and Legislative Branches
    • Dispute over Property Rights
  • Political Parties
    • The National Opposition Union (UNO) Coalition
    • Small Non-UNO Parties
    • Sandinista National Liberation Front
    • Interest Groups
      • The Ex-Contras and Recontras
      • Labor Organizations
      • Producers' Groups
      • The Church
      • The Universities
      • The Media
  • Foreign Relations
    • Relations with the United States
    • Relations with Central American Countries
    • Relations with Other Countries

• Chapter 5 - National Security (Jean R. Tartter)
  • Military Heritage
    • National Guard, 1927-79
    • Sandinista Guerrilla Movement, 1961-79
    • Sandinista People's Army 1979-90
    • Sandinista People's Militia
    • Foreign Influences and Assistance
  • The Nicaraguan Resistance
  • Armed Forces After 1990
    • Army
    • Air Force
    • Navy
  • Defense Spending
  • Internal Security
    • Police and Law Enforcement
    • Secret Police and Intelligence
    • Human Rights
    • Prison Conditions
    • Criminal Justice System
• Appendices
  • Appendix A. Tables
  • Appendix B. Central American Common Market (Ramón J. Miró)
• Bibliography
• Glossary