Yellow Starthistle Information

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INTRODUCTION AND SPREAD

• Initial introduction
  

• Spread and current distribution in California
  

• Spread and distribution the United States and the world
  

• Mechanisms of spread

IMPACTS

• Rangelands
  

• Other impacts
  

• Water consumption
  

• Toxicity to horses
  

• Bee industry

BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY

• Taxonomy and identification
  

• Reproduction
  

  • Flowering and pollination
    

  • Phenology of flower and seed development
    

  • Seed dispersal
    

• Germination and dormancy
  

  • Seed production and types
    

  • Time requirement for development of viable seed
    

  • Germination
    

  • Affect of stress on germination
    

  • Seasonal germination pattern
    

  • Seed longevity and seedbank depletion
    

• Growth and establishment
  

  • Seedling establishment
    

  • Roots
    

    • Growth and development
      

    • Water use
      

      • Competition with introduced annual grasses
        

      • Competition with native species
        

  • Shoots
    

    • Growth and development
      

    • Light
      

    • Temperature
      

    • Allelopathy

MANAGEMENT

• Mechanical control
  

  • Hand pulling, hoeing or weed whipping
    

  • Tillage
    

  • Mowing
    

• Cultural control
  

  • Grazing
    

  • Prescribed burning
    

  • Re-vegetation
    

• Biological control
  

  • Insects for yellow starthistle control

  • Table - Establishment, impact and publications on yellow starthistle biological control insects
    

  • Plant pathogens
    

• Chemical control
  

  • Risks
    

    • Spray and Vapor Drift
      

    • Groundwater and Surface Water Contamination
      

    • Toxicology
      

    • Herbicide Resistance
      

    • Effects of Herbicides on Plant Diversity
      

  • Herbicides
    

    • Preemergence
      

    • Postemergence
      

    • Late-season starthistle control
      

    • Pre- and postemergence
      

    • Imazapic and imazapyr
      

    • Clopyralid
      

    • Picloram

    • Table - Commonly used herbicides for yellow starthistle control
      

  • Integrated approaches
    

  • Summary of control options

DEVELOPING A STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT PLAN

• Prevention
  

  • Avenues of introduction
    

  • Susceptible landscapes
    

  • Educational programs
    

  • Early detection and monitoring
    

• Eradication
  

• Developing a Management Strategy
  

• Implementing Strategic Plan

• Range Management Advisory Committee - Strategic plan for the coordinated management of noxious weeds in California

WEED MANAGEMENT AREAS

REFERENCES

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