Final Report (Sept. 2005)
(For a printed copy of NIST-NCSTAR 1 contact the National Technical Information
Service (NTIS) at http://www.ntis.gov
or 800-553-6847. NTIS order number: PB2006-100819)
Draft
NIST Report on the World Trade Center Investigation
NOTE:
The NIST investigation of the WTC 7 building collapse is not yet complete.
The report on the WTC 7 collapse investigation will be released in draft
form for public comment and posted on this web site as soon as it is
available.
(Guidelines
for Commenting on Reports)
Federal Building and Fire Safety Investigation of the World Trade Center
Disaster: Final Report of the National Construction Safety Team on the
Collapses of the World Trade Center Tower (DRAFT) This is a summary
report that contains the investigation's principal findings and recommendations
for changes to codes, standards, and practices. (Note:
Reports are presented in .pdf and may require the latest version of Adobe
Acrobat Reader. Download or update Adobe
Acrobat Reader free.)
Draft report on project 1: Design, Construction, and Maintenance of Structural
and Life Safety Systems
(Note: Reports are presented in .pdf and may require the latest version
of Adobe Acrobat Reader. Download or update Adobe
Acrobat Reader free.)
- Executive
Summary
- Full
Report (275 pgs.)
- Draft supporting
technical reports
- Design
and Construction of Structural Systems (Appendices)
- Comparison
of Building Code Structural Requirements
- Maintenance
and Modifications to Structural Systems (Appendices)
- Fire
Protection and Life Safety Provisions Applied to the Design and
Construction of World Trade Center 1, 2, and 7 and Post-Construction
Provisions Applied after Occupancy
- Comparison
of Codes, Standards, and Practices in Use at the Time of Design
and Construction of World Trade Center 1, 2, and 7
- Comparison
of 1968 and Current (2003) New York City Building Code Provisions
- Amendments
to the Fire Protection and Life Safety Provisions of the New York
City Building Code by Local Laws Adopted while World Trade Center
1, 2, and 7 Were in Use
- Post-Construction
Modifications to Fire Protection and Life Safety Systems of the
World Trade Center Towers
- Post-Construction
Modifications to Fire Protection, Life Safety, and Structural
Systems of World Trade Center 7
- Documentation
of the Fuel System for Emergency Power in World Trade Center 7
Draft report on project 2: Baseline Structural Performance and Aircraft
Impact Damage Analysis of the World Trade Center Towers
(Note:
Reports are presented in .pdf and may require the latest version of Adobe
Acrobat Reader. Download or update Adobe
Acrobat Reader free.)
Draft report on project 3: Mechanical and Metallurgical Analysis of Structural
Steel (Note:
Reports are presented in .pdf and may require the latest version of Adobe
Acrobat Reader. Download or update Adobe
Acrobat Reader free.)
Draft report on project 4: Active Fire Protection Systems
(Note:
Reports are presented in .pdf and may require the latest version of Adobe
Acrobat Reader. Download or update Adobe
Acrobat Reader free.)
Draft report on project 5: Reconstruction of the Fires in the World Trade
Center Towers (Note:
Reports are presented in .pdf and may require the latest version of Adobe
Acrobat Reader. Download or update Adobe
Acrobat Reader free.)
Draft report on project 6: Structural Fire Response and Probable Collapse
Sequence of the World Trade Center Towers (Note:
Reports are presented in .pdf and may require the latest version of
Adobe Acrobat Reader. Download or update Adobe
Acrobat Reader free.)
Draft report on project 7: Occupant Behavior, Egress, and Emergency Communication
(Note:
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Acrobat Reader. Download or update Adobe
Acrobat Reader free.)
·
Draft report on project 8: The Emergency Response Operations
(Note:
Reports are presented in .pdf and may require the latest version of Adobe
Acrobat Reader. Download or update Adobe
Acrobat Reader free.)
Initial Model for Fires in the World Trade Center
Towers
NIST
Interim Report 6879 (May 2002)
Ronald G. Rehm, William M. Pitts, Howard R. Baum, David D. Evans, Kuldeep
Prasad, Kevin B. McGrattan and Glenn P. Forney
Based on preliminary
assumptions and analysis, mathematical models have been used to estimate
the behavior of the fires in the twin towers of the World Trade Center
(WTC) on September 11, 2001. The hijacked-plane collision with each
tower produced significant structural damage, generated a spectacular
external fireball and started burning within the tower. The fuel consumed
by the fireball was lost as an ignition source, but produced a pressure
pulse that broke windows and changed the ventilation for the fires.
The subsequent fire in each tower generated a quasi-steady, wind-blown
smoke plume. The fire and smoke behavior were simulated using the Fire
Dynamics Simulator (FDS) software developed by NIST.
Presented as
the invited lecture at the 7th International Symposium on Fire Safety
Science, Worcestor Polytechnic Institute, Worcestor, Mass., on June
17, 2002.
Publications
Related to the Use of Elevators During Fires
Collected
Publications Related to the Use of Elevators During Fires, 2002
In the wake
of the September 11 attacks in the US provisions for emergency egress
from tall buildings are being re-examined, worldwide. Possibilities
being discussed include the utilization of protected elevators with
stairways for both occupant egress and fire service access. These have
been discussed over the years and have been the subject of research
by a number of parties, including a cooperative program between NIST,
the National Research Council of Canada, and the US elevator industry.
Workshop on the Use of Elevators in Fires and Other Emergencies, 2004
This American
Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) workshop was held in Atlanta,
Georgia, March 2-4, 2004. Information on the workshop, including
the proceedings, is available at the website.
Publications
Related to 1993 World Trade Center Bombing
Study
of Occupant Behavior During the World Trade Center Evacuation: Preliminary
Report of Results., 1995
On February
26, 1993, shortly after noon, a bomb exploded in a subterranean garage
below the World Trade Center plaza in New York City. The explosions
and subsequent fire caused extensive structural damage on several basement
levels, interfered with the operation of the fire protection and other
emergency systems and resulted in the evacuation of over 100,000 occupants
of the complex....
Human
Behavior in the World Trade Center Evacuation. March, 1997
An explosion
below the World Trade Center plaza in New York City on February 26,
1993, killed six workers, and resulted in injuries to over 1,000 occupants
as they made their way out of the affected buildings. The explosion
and subsequent fire caused extensive structural damage on several basement
levels, interfered with the operation of the fire protection and other
emergency systems and resulted in the evacuation of tens of thousands
of occupants of the complex....
Enhancement
of EXIT89 and Analysis of World Trade Center Data. Final Report. August
1994-August 1995.
The features
of an enhanced model for egress from fires in non-residential occupancies
is presented along with a users manual describing the use of the model.
The enhancements to the model include analysis of locations of safety,
smoke blockages, disabled occupants, and delays in egress....
For access to NIST publications
on past building fire and structural failure investigations, go to
Building and Fire Research Laboratory Publications Online at http://fire.nist.gov/bfrlpubs.
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