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Ukraine
once was home to the largest population of Jews in the Russian Empire, and on the eve of the Nazi invasion of the USSR in 1941 it was the largest Jewish community in Europe. As such, Ukraine was one of the most important centers of Jewish life destroyed during the Holocaust. Between 1941 and 1944, some 1.4 million Jews were killed there. Yet, little is known about this chapter of Holocaust history. Drawing on new archival sources from the former Soviet Union, eyewitness accounts, postwar criminal investigations, and the extensive holdings of the United states Holocaust Memorial Museum, this book spans the prewar, wartime, and postwar eras and covers the terrain of almost all of modern Ukraine. The topics addressed – including Jewish-Ukrainian relations, forgotten ghettos and camps, interethnic violence, crimes of military and civil authorities, and the German-Romanian alliance – provide a detailed backdrop to the setting in which the Nazis realized their radically anti-Semitic agenda. This volume brings together researchers from Ukraine, Germany, Great Britain, the Netherlands, and the United States, and sheds new light on the critical themes of perpetration, collaboration, Jewish-Ukrainian relations, testimony, rescue, and Holocaust remembrance in Ukraine.
Contributors
are Andrej Angrick, Omer Bartov, Karel C. Berkhoff, Ray Brandon, Martin Dean, Dennis Deletant, Frank Golczewski, Alexander Kruglov, Wendy Lower, Dieter Pohl, and Timothy Snyder.
"The Shoah in Ukraine presents cutting-edge research from a stellar group of international experts. Neglected by scholars for too long, the Holocaust in Ukraine took particular – and bitterly painful -- forms. This remarkable book illuminates the intertwined lives and deaths of Ukrainians, Jews, Poles, Russians, Romanians, Germans, and Gypsies, past and present, in this contested part of Europe."
— Doris L. Bergen, author of War and Genocide: A Concise History of the Holocaust
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| Table of Contents |
| List of Maps |
vii |
| Acknowledgments |
ix |
| Introduction / Ray Brandon and Wendy Lower |
1 |
| 1. |
The Murder of Ukraine's Jews under German Military Administration and in the Reich Commissariat Ukraine / Dieter Pohl |
23 |
| 2. |
The Life and Death of Western Volhynian Jewry, 1921-1945 / Timothy Snyder |
77 |
| 3. |
Shades of Grey: Reflections on Jewish-Ukrainian and German-Ukrainian Relations in Galicia / Frank Golczewski |
114 |
| 4. |
Transnistria and the Romanian Solution to the "Jewish Problem" / Dennis Deletant |
156 |
| 5. |
Annihilation and Labor: Jews and Thoroughfare IV in Central Ukraine / Andrej Angrick |
190 |
| 6. |
"In him lies the weight of the entire administration": Nazi Civilian Rulers and the Holocaust in Zhytomyr / Wendy Lower |
224 |
| 7. |
Soviet Ethnic Germans and the Holocaust in the Reich Commissariat Ukraine, 1941-1944 / Martin Dean |
248 |
| 8. |
Jewish Losses in Ukraine, 1941-1944 / Alexander Kruglov |
272 |
| 9. |
Dina Pronicheva's Story of Surviving the Babi Yar Massacre: German, Jewish, Soviet, Russian, and Ukrainian Records / Karel C. Berkhoff |
291 |
| 10. |
White Spaces and Black Holes: Eastern Galicia's Past and Present / Omer Bartov |
318 |
| Comparative Table of Ranks |
355 |
| Map Sources |
357 |
| Selected Supplemental Bibliography |
359 |
| Contributors |
363 |
| Index |
367 |
Ray Brandon,
a freelance editor, translator, and researcher based in Berlin, is a former editor at Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, English edition.
Wendy Lower
is Assistant Professor of History at Towson University in Maryland and Research Fellow at Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany. She is author of Nazi Empire-Building and the Holocaust in Ukraine.
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