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NIOSH Publication No. 97-141:Musculoskeletal Disorders and Workplace Factors |
July 1997 |
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A Critical Review of Epidemiologic Evidence for Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders of the Neck,
Upper Extremity, and
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Epidemiologic criteria used to examine studies of: | |
3.1 | Shoulder MSDs associated with repetition/Risk indicator |
3.2 | Shoulder MSDs associated with force/Risk indicator |
3.3 | Shoulder MSDs associated with posture/Risk indicator |
3.4 | Shoulder MSDs associated with vibration/Risk indicator |
3.5 | Epidemiologic studies evaluating work-related shoulder musculoskeletal disorders![]() |
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Epidemiologic criteria used to examine studies of shoulder MSDs associated with repetition
Study (first author and year) | Risk indicator (OR, PRR, IR or p-value)*, | Participation rate >70% | Physical examination | Investigator blinded to case and/or exposure status | Basis for assessing shoulder exposure to repetition |
Met all four criteria: | |||||
Chiang 1993 | 1.6 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Observation or measurements |
Kilbom 1986, 1987 | NR, | Yes | Yes | Yes | Observation or measurements |
Ohlsson 1994 | 3.5 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Observation or measurements |
Ohlsson 1995 | 5.0 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Observation or measurements |
Met at least one criterion: | |||||
Bjelle 1981 | NR | NR | Yes | Yes | Observation or measurements |
English 1995 | 2.3, ** | Yes | Yes | Yes | Job titles or self-reports |
Sakakibara 1995 | 1.7 | Yes | Yes | NR | Job titles or self-reports |
Met none of the criteria: | |||||
Ohlsson 1989 | 3.4 | NR | No | NR | Job titles or self-reports |
*Some risk indicators are based on a combination of risk factorsnot on repetition alone (i.e., repetition plus force, posture,or vibration). Odds ratio (OR), prevalence rate ratio (PRR), or incidence ratio (IR).
Indicates statistical significance. If combined with NR, a significant association was reported without a numerical value.
Not reported.
** Repeated shoulder rotation with elevated arm.
Epidemiologic criteria used to examine studies of shoulder MSDs associated with force
Study (first author and year) | Risk indicator (OR, PRR, IR or p-value)*, | Participation rate >70% | Physical examination | Investigator blinded to case and/or exposure status | Basis for assessing shoulder exposure to force |
Met all four criteria: | |||||
Chiang 1993 | 1.8 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Observation or measurements |
Met at least one criterion: | |||||
Andersen 1993a | 1.3810.25 | Yes | No | Yes | Job titles or self-reports |
Herberts 1981, 1984 | 1518 | NR | Yes | NR | Job titles or self-reports |
Stenlund 1992 | 2.24.0 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Job titles or self-reports |
Wells 1983 | 5.7 | Yes | No | NR | Job titles or self-reports |
*Some risk indicators are based on a combination of risk factorsnot on force alone (i.e., force plus repetition, posture,or vibration). Odds ratio (OR), prevalence rate ratio (PRR), or incidence ratio (IR).
Indicates statistical significance.
Not reported.
Epidemiologic criteria used to examine studies of shoulder MSDs associated with posture
Study (first author and year) | Risk indicator (OR, PRR, IR or p-value)*, | Participation rate >70% | Physical examination | Investigator blinded to case and/or exposure status | Basis for assessing shoulder exposure to posture |
Met all four criteria: | |||||
Jonsson 1988 | NR, | Yes | Yes | Yes | Observation or measurements |
Kilbom 1986, 1987 | NR | Yes | Yes | Yes | Observation or measurements |
Ohlsson 1994 | 3.5 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Observation or measurements |
Ohlsson 1995 | 5.0 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Observation or measurements |
Met at least one criterion: | |||||
Baron 1991 | 3.9 | No | Yes | Yes | Observation or measurements |
Bjelle 1979 | 10.6 | NR | Yes | No | Observation or measurements |
Bjelle 1981 | NR | NR | Yes | Yes | Observation or measurements |
English 1995 | 2.3,** | Yes | Yes | Yes | Job titles or self-reports |
Herberts 1981 | 8.3 | NR | Yes | NR | Job titles or self-reports |
Hoekstra 1994 | 5.1 | Yes | No | Yes | Job titles or self-reports |
Milerad 1990 | 2.4 | Yes | No | NR | Job titles or self-reports |
Sakakibara 1995 | NR | Yes | Yes | NR | Observation or measurements |
Schibye 1995 | NR | Yes | No | NR | Job titles or self-reports |
*Some risk indicators are based on a combination of risk factorsnot on posture alone (i.e., posture plus force, repetition, or vibration). Odds ratio (OR), prevalence rate ratio (PRR), or incidence ratio (IR).
Indicates statistical significance. If combined with NR, a significant association was reported without a numerical value.
Not reported.
** Repeated shoulder rotation with elevated arm (p< 0.05 level, most of study used 0.01 level).
Epidemiologic criteria used to examine studies of shoulder MSDs associated with vibration
Study (first author and year) | Risk indicator (OR, PRR, IR or p-value)*, | Participation rate >70% | Physical examination | Investigator blinded to case and/or exposure status | Basis for assessing shoulder exposure to vibration |
Met at least one criterion: | |||||
Burdorf 1991 | 1.5 | No | No | NR | Observation or measurements |
Stenlund 1992 | 2.23.1 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Self-reports, weight of tools |
Stenlund 1993 | 1.71.8 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Job titles or self-reports |
*Some risk indicators are based on a combination of risk factorsnot on vibration alone (i.e., vibration plus force, posture,or repetition). Odds ratio (OR), prevalence rate ratio (PRR), or incidence ratio (IR).
Indicates statistical significance.
Not reported.