Table 3. Commercial Sector Energy Price and Expenditure Estimates by Source, Selected Years, 1970-2006, United States

Year

Primary Energy

Retail Electricity

Total
Energy ^f^,g

Coal

Natural
Gas ^a

Petroleum

Biomass ^e

Total ^f^,g

Distillate
Fuel Oil

Kerosene

LPG ^b

Motor
Gasoline ^c

Residual
Fuel Oil

Total

Prices in Nominal Dollars per Million Btu

1970

0.44

0.75

1.10

0.77

1.24

2.86

0.45

0.90

0.66

0.79

6.09

1.98

1971

0.48

0.80

1.16

0.81

1.31

2.91

0.61

1.01

0.69

0.86

6.44

2.16

1972

0.51

0.86

1.16

0.80

1.32

2.90

0.65

1.04

0.69

0.91

6.71

2.33

1973

0.52

0.91

1.37

0.96

1.43

3.11

0.78

1.20

0.80

1.00

7.06

2.56

1974

1.00

1.05

2.29

2.16

2.53

4.34

1.89

2.25

1.24

1.45

8.91

3.41

1975

1.31

1.32

2.42

2.32

2.60

4.66

1.91

2.39

1.31

1.67

10.11

4.08

1976

1.23

1.61

2.61

2.67

2.84

4.85

1.87

2.49

1.39

1.90

10.82

4.39

1977

1.30

2.00

2.98

2.96

3.34

5.15

2.20

2.84

1.57

2.28

11.99

5.13

1978

1.39

2.20

3.11

3.15

3.53

5.30

2.06

2.92

1.64

2.41

12.78

5.51

1979

1.46

2.69

4.56

4.54

3.99

7.15

3.01

4.15

2.35

3.10

13.72

6.28

1980

1.53

3.31

[R ]

6.45

6.46

5.15

9.77

4.12

5.64

3.10

4.00

16.06

7.87

[R ]

1981

1.79

3.90

[R ]

7.96

7.48

5.95

10.96

5.12

7.00

3.79

4.72

18.44

9.52

[R ]

1982

1.87

4.70

7.68

7.31

6.32

10.44

4.67

6.65

3.82

5.10

20.11

10.40

[R ]

1983

1.74

5.42

[R ]

6.61

7.10

6.83

9.12

4.51

6.51

3.57

5.59

20.57

10.97

[R ]

1984

1.80

5.40

6.60

8.03

[R ]

6.82

8.93

4.94

6.49

3.85

5.58

[R ]

20.89

11.12

[R ]

1985

1.77

5.34

6.33

8.18

8.97

9.01

4.50

6.38

3.71

5.50

21.30

11.68

[R ]

1986

1.68

4.94

4.19

5.21

8.58

6.77

2.71

4.32

2.97

4.62

21.10

11.25

[R ]

1987

1.54

4.64

4.46

5.11

8.02

7.22

3.10

4.65

2.87

4.53

20.44

11.00

[R ]

1988

1.54

4.51

4.18

6.11

8.16

7.33

2.53

4.38

2.90

4.37

20.34

10.85

[R ]

1989

1.54

4.61

4.89

6.01

7.67

8.04

2.92

4.99

2.66

4.60

20.77

11.30

[R ]

1990

1.64

4.70

5.97

7.31

9.01

9.15

3.41

5.95

3.02

[h ]

4.90

[h ]

21.20

11.92

[ h R ]

1991

1.58

4.69

5.46

6.67

9.45

8.98

2.61

5.44

2.98

4.76

21.73

12.10

[R ]

1992

1.60

4.74

[R ]

5.09

5.96

8.82

9.08

2.68

5.23

2.68

4.74

22.15

12.20

[R ]

1993

1.61

5.08

4.93

5.64

9.19

9.13

2.75

5.00

2.63

4.94

22.40

12.61

[R ]

1994

1.57

5.35

4.74

5.94

9.01

9.20

2.90

4.89

2.50

5.11

22.35

12.77

[R ]

1995

1.55

4.94

4.70

5.55

9.11

9.40

3.14

4.97

2.25

4.81

22.29

12.66

[R ]

1996

1.51

5.26

5.63

6.40

10.52

10.28

3.75

6.01

2.47

5.25

22.17

12.80

[R ]

1997

1.51

5.67

5.28

6.18

10.84

10.01

3.27

5.92

2.43

5.55

22.03

13.07

[R ]

1998

1.51

5.38

4.15

4.88

9.78

8.73

2.38

4.88

2.09

5.15

21.48

13.09

[R ]

1999

1.51

5.22

4.65

5.33

9.47

9.45

2.69

5.35

1.89

[R ]

5.10

21.01

12.89

[R ]

2000

1.45

6.55

[R ]

7.48

8.87

12.46

12.02

4.49

8.09

2.99

[R ]

6.69

21.52

13.95

[R ]

2001

1.57

8.32

6.70

8.38

13.59

11.53

4.06

7.64

3.22

[R ]

7.99

[R ]

22.99

15.58

[R ]

2002

1.63

6.49

6.21

8.14

10.84

4.08

6.96

2.81

[R ]

6.42

[R ]

22.81

14.70

[R ]

2003

1.59

8.02

7.62

9.80

12.95

12.28

5.30

8.38

3.48

[R ]

7.90

[R ]

23.54

15.63

[R ]

2004

1.84

9.23

[R ]

9.58

11.41

15.11

14.29

5.26

9.89

3.54

[R ]

9.09

[R ]

23.95

16.61

[R ]

2005

2.25

10.95

[R ]

13.63

14.96

17.78

17.81

[R ]

7.48

13.47

[R ]

4.70

[R ]

11.11

[R ]

25.40

18.60

[R ]

2006

2.37

11.58

15.74

18.73

19.93

20.18

8.69

15.84

4.75

12.04

27.72

20.64

Expenditures in Million Nominal Dollars

1970

72.0

1,844.0

646.0

47.0

127.0

247.0

323.0

1,391.0

1.0

3,309.0

7,319.0

10,628.0

1971

85.0

2,060.0

690.0

45.0

135.0

244.0

409.0

1,523.0

1.0

3,669.0

8,301.0

11,970.0

1972

78.0

2,289.0

733.0

44.0

146.0

253.0

422.0

1,599.0

1.0

3,967.0

9,443.0

13,410.0

1973

84.0

2,421.0

880.0

62.0

150.0

270.0

519.0

1,881.0

1.0

4,387.0

10,707.0

15,094.0

1974

173.0

2,741.0

1,364.0

118.0

243.0

360.0

1,120.0

3,205.0

2.0

6,121.0

13,373.0

19,494.0

1975

191.0

3,385.0

1,423.0

114.0

242.0

415.0

939.0

3,133.0

3.0

6,712.0

16,157.0

22,869.0

1976

177.0

4,379.0

1,713.0

117.0

275.0

470.0

1,062.0

3,638.0

3.0

8,197.0

18,148.0

26,345.0

1977

192.0

5,094.0

2,014.0

154.0

314.0

518.0

1,296.0

4,297.0

4.0

9,588.0

21,023.0

30,611.0

1978

229.0

5,812.0

2,073.0

173.0

321.0

565.0

1,098.0

4,230.0

5.0

10,276.0

23,166.0

33,443.0

1979

221.0

7,623.0

2,663.0

356.0

250.0

747.0

1,518.0

5,534.0

8.0

13,386.0

25,433.0

38,819.0

1980

179.0

8,722.0

[R ]

3,337.0

262.0

296.0

1,046.0

2,325.0

7,267.0

17.0

16,185.0

[R ]

30,611.0

46,796.0

[R ]

1981

245.0

9,905.0

[R ]

3,641.0

519.0

327.0

1,003.0

2,138.0

7,628.0

20.0

17,799.0

[R ]

37,484.0

55,283.0

[R ]

1982

291.0

12,376.0

[R ]

3,378.0

222.0

330.0

914.0

1,862.0

6,706.0

21.0

[R ]

19,396.0

[R ]

41,759.0

61,155.0

[R ]

1983

282.0

13,422.0

[R ]

4,304.0

790.0

424.0

934.0

939.0

7,392.0

20.0

21,118.0

[R ]

43,529.0

64,647.0

[R ]

1984

305.0

13,847.0

[R ]

4,855.0

288.0

[R ]

348.0

957.0

1,311.0

8,121.0

21.0

22,298.0

[R ]

47,304.0

69,602.0

[R ]

1985

243.0

13,187.0

[R ]

3,995.0

268.0

517.0

866.0

1,025.0

6,671.0

22.0

20,128.0

[R ]

50,092.0

70,219.0

[R ]

1986

228.0

11,618.0

[R ]

2,614.0

260.0

489.0

720.0

786.0

4,869.0

20.0

16,739.0

[R ]

51,449.0

68,188.0

[R ]

1987

195.0

11,477.0

[R ]

2,707.0

249.0

509.0

799.0

814.0

5,078.0

21.0

16,776.0

[R ]

51,900.0

68,676.0

[R ]

1988

203.0

12,251.0

[R ]

2,506.0

160.0

513.0

809.0

666.0

4,655.0

24.0

17,137.0

[R ]

54,411.0

71,548.0

[R ]

1989

177.0

12,775.0

[R ]

2,803.0

166.0

544.0

819.0

666.0

4,998.0

68.0

18,023.0

[R ]

57,460.0

75,483.0

[R ]

1990

203.0

12,536.0

[R ]

3,199.0

87.0

581.0

1,018.0

785.0

5,669.0

104.0

[h ]

18,516.0

[ h R ]

60,627.0

79,143.0

[ h R ]

1991

183.0

13,041.0

[R ]

2,823.0

81.0

649.0

764.0

554.0

4,871.0

104.0

18,203.0

[R ]

63,407.0

81,610.0

[R ]

1992

187.0

13,544.0

[R ]

2,579.0

66.0

595.0

722.0

506.0

4,469.0

102.0

18,306.0

[R ]

64,233.0

82,540.0

[R ]

1993

187.0

14,819.0

[R ]

2,432.0

79.0

647.0

270.0

475.0

3,903.0

106.0

19,016.0

[R ]

67,626.0

86,642.0

[R ]

1994

184.0

15,789.0

[R ]

2,373.0

116.0

629.0

232.0

498.0

3,847.0

99.0

19,919.0

[R ]

69,637.0

89,556.0

[R ]

1995

181.0

15,254.0

[R ]

2,250.0

123.0

650.0

170.0

445.0

3,638.0

106.0

19,178.0

[R ]

72,481.0

91,658.0

[R ]

1996

181.0

16,965.0

[R ]

2,717.0

135.0

878.0

273.0

515.0

4,518.0

127.0

21,792.0

[R ]

74,121.0

95,912.0

[R ]

1997

195.0

18,619.0

[R ]

2,344.0

152.0

881.0

428.0

363.0

4,168.0

125.0

23,107.0

[R ]

77,153.0

100,260.0

[R ]

1998

151.0

16,550.0

[R ]

1,778.0

152.0

749.0

340.0

203.0

3,222.0

99.0

20,022.0

[R ]

78,999.0

99,022.0

[R ]

1999

154.0

16,234.0

[R ]

2,038.0

143.0

892.0

269.0

197.0

3,540.0

104.0

20,031.0

[R ]

79,141.0

99,173.0

[R ]

2000

125.0

21,195.0

[R ]

3,672.0

263.0

1,240.0

535.0

411.0

6,121.0

155.0

[R ]

27,596.0

[R ]

85,129.0

112,725.0

[R ]

2001

139.0

25,717.0

[R ]

3,404.0

263.0

1,284.0

432.0

284.0

5,666.0

145.0

31,667.0

[R ]

93,402.0

125,069.0

[R ]

2002

143.0

20,817.0

[R ]

2,758.0

130.0

1,038.0

489.0

326.0

4,741.0

146.0

25,847.0

[R ]

93,763.0

119,609.0

[R ]

2003

132.0

26,270.0

[R ]

3,668.0

183.0

1,288.0

736.0

589.0

6,464.0

188.0

[R ]

33,053.0

[R ]

96,263.0

129,317.0

[R ]

2004

189.0

[R ]

29,376.0

[R ]

4,506.0

234.0

1,419.0

639.0

644.0

7,442.0

209.0

[R ]

37,215.0

[R ]

100,546.0

137,762.0

[R ]

2005

215.0

[R ]

33,662.0

[R ]

6,098.0

323.0

1,622.0

815.0

[R ]

866.0

9,724.0

267.0

[R ]

43,868.0

[R ]

110,522.0

154,390.0

[R ]

2006

154.0

33,575.0

6,314.0

284.0

1,610.0

983.0

654.0

9,845.0

270.0

43,844.0

122,914.0

166,758.0

^aFor expenditures, natural gas only; excludes supplemental gaseous fuels (SGF). Through 1979, includes unknown quantities of SGF.

^gThere are no direct fuel costs for hydroelectric, geothermal, wind, photovoltaic, or solar thermal energy.

^bLiquefied petroleum gases.

^hThere is a discontinuity in this time series between 1988 and 1989 due to the expanded coverage of the use of wood and waste beginning in 1989.

^cFor expenditures, includes fuel ethanol blended into motor gasoline, beginning in 1993.

Where shown, R = Revised data.

^dIncludes small amounts of petroleum coke not shown separately.

Note: Expenditure totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

^eWood and waste. Prior to 2001, includes non-biomass waste.

Sources: Data sources, estimation procedures, and assumptions are described in the Technical Notes.

^fFor 1981 through 1992 expenditures, total includes fuel ethanol blended into gasoline that is not shown in the motor gasoline column