U.S. Department
of Labor, Directorate
of Construction
Presented
at the Construction Safety Council's 13th Annual Construction Safety
& Health Conference & Exposition, Rosemont, Illinois, February
2003. |
Table of Contents
- Who is Covered
- Definitions
- Site Preparation
- Cranes
- §1926.753 Hoisting and Rigging
- Structural Stability
- §1926.754 Structural Steel Assembly
- §1926.755 Column Anchorage
- §1926.756 Beams and Columns
- §1926.757 Open Web Steel Joists
- Metal Buildings
- §1926.758 Systems-engineered Metal Buildings
- (Non-Hoist) Overhead Hazards
- §1926.759 Falling Object Protection
- Fall Protection
- §1926.760 Fall Protection (for connectors, deckers, and
all others)
- Training
- §1926.761 Training (general and specialized)
- The standard covers all employers engaged in steel erection activities.
- There are two lists of activities:
- Primary: All activities in .750 (b)(1) are covered (connecting,
bracing, guying . . .)
- Ancillary: All listed in .750 (b)(2) are covered "when they
occur during and are a part of steel erection activities"
(sealing, caulking, elevator beams . . .)
Does not include:
- electrical transmission towers,
- communication and broadcast towers,
- tanks.
1926.752 (c)
- Adequate layout area
- Adequate access roads
Layout area and access
roads
Cranes and Falling
Object Protection
�26.753 Hoisting and
Rigging
- Cranes: 1926.550 applies (except personnel platform provision)
PLUS new, additional requirements
- Employee exposure to overhead loads to be reduced through preplanning
(.752) and work practice requirements.
- Allows for expanded use of personnel platforms (.753 (c)(4)).
- Prescribes proper procedure for multiple lifts "Christmas-treeing"
(.753(e) "multiple lift rigging procedure")
Multiple Lift
�26.759 Falling Object
Protection (does not apply to materials being hoisted)
- Secure loose items aloft
- Controlling contractor to bar operations below steel erection unless
falling object protection provided (from objects other than hoisted
materials)
�26.755 Column Anchorage
- Requires 4 anchor bolts per column
- contains design strength requirements and other column stability
requirements
- Assure the adequacy of anchor bolts modified in the field
- written notice must be given to erector that changes were made
�26.752(a) and (b)
Concrete Strength
- Concrete/mortar
for footings, piers & walls
- Written confirmation
of ASTM test -- to erector
�26.756 Beams and Columns
- Two bolts per
connection prior to releasing hoisting line
- Safe procedures/devices
for making double connections at columns
Minimum of two bolts per connection
before releasing hoisting line
Double connection with seat
�26.757 Open Web Steel Joists
Steel joist concepts: terms
- Erection bridging "anchored" to a "terminus point":
- What you have
to do before releasing hoisting cable:
- Joist end
connection requirements
- Erection
bridging
- Max # of workers
allowed on joist
- Specs for:
- Initial
connections (specs and devices; holes requirement)
- Final connections
- Requirements
vary with length of span
- Some exceptions
for "constructibility"
- Requirements
for landing and placing loads on joists
- Some requirements
may be modified through a site-specific erection plan (tandem setting
of some 60'+ joists and requirements for landing decking bundles)
�26.754 Structural Steel Assembly
- Provides
specific work practices for:
- maintaining
structural stability (max# unsecured floors)
- landing
deck bundles - where and weight
Metal Decking
Decking Bundle
�26.758 Systems-Engineered Metal Buildings
Requirements for the erection of these specialized structures
which account for a large amount of steel erection.
�26.760 Fall Protection
- All must be
protected at heights greater than 2 stories or 30 feet, including
connectors and deckers
- Between 15
and 30 feet: Fall protection required for all with exceptions for:
- Deckers
in controlled decking zone (CDZ) and
- Connectors
- Connectors
must be provided and wear equipment necessary to be able to
be
tied-off, or be provided with other means of fall protection
�26.760 Fall Protection (cont.)
- Controlled
decking zone:
- For leading
edge decking work
- limited
access
- designated
boundaries (usually by control lines)
- Work
practices for attaching deck:
-
install safety attachments from leading edge back
-
no final attachments allowed in CDZ
-
up to 3000 SF of unsecured decking
- specific
training requirements
Fall Protection -- Perimeter
Cables (req. in beams and columns)
- Requirements
to facilitate quick installation of perimeter safety cables:
- Column attachments
or holes in columns for perimeter safety cables
- Column
splice height and strength specified
- Perimeter cables
required on multistory buildings
- Must be
installed "as soon as the metal decking has been installed"
- Custody of Fall
Protection Equipment:
- Controlling
contractor must choose to either:
- accept
responsibility for maintaining fall protection equipment left
by erector,
- OR
ensure that it is removed (.760(e))
1926.754(e) holes and openings
minimizing fall hazards in interior openings (decking-over)
- Walking/working
surfaces requirements:
- tripping
hazards: shear connectors (and similar projections) generally
prohibited until decking is installed
- slip resistance
criteria for painted structural steel members (effective 5 years
after the rest of the standard)
Shear Connectors
�26.761 Training
- Qualified person
to train workers in use & operation of fall protection equipment
- Qualified person
to train workers engaged in specific activities:
- "Christmas-treeing"
- connecting
- CDZ procedures
SITE SPECIFIC ERECTION PLAN
OPTION �26.752
- No general
requirement for an erection plan
- Some requirements
may be modified through a site-specific plan if equivalent protection
is provided.
- Safety
latches on hooks activated (.753(c)(5))
- Setting
joists 60'+ at/near columns in tandem (.757(a)(4))
- Landing
decking on steel joists (.757(e)(4))
�26.750(c) Specific Controlling
Contractor Duties
- Written notification
to the steel erector:
- Concrete
in piers/walls is cured re ASTM spec
- Anchor
bolt modifications/repairs approved by project engineer (.752(a);
.755(b))
- Adequate on-site
access roads (.752(c))
- Preclude work
below steel erection unless there is overhead protection (.759(b))
- Choose whether
to accept responsibility for maintaining fall protection equipment
left by erector (otherwise it must be removed) (.760(e))
Effective Date and Phase-In
- New Effective
date: January 18, 2002
- Phase-in Exceptions
for
- Component
provisions (these affect the design of components. Example: columns
must have 4 anchor bolts)
- Component
provisions will NOT apply where:
- (Buildings)
- Building
Permit obtained prior to January 18, 2001
- Steel
erection has begun on or before September 16, 2001
- (Bridges)
-
Contract date before January 18, 2001; or
-
Steel erection began before September 16, 2001.
- Painted surfaces
slip resistance provision - July 18, 2006
OSHA's Web Site
- The complete standard
can be obtained from our web site at www.osha.gov.
Prepared by the U.S. Department
of Labor, Directorate of Construction
and Compliance Assistance