Model Specifications for the Protection of Workers
from Lead on Steel Structures
Revised September 2002 |
CPWR – Center for Construction Research and Training
CPWR – Center for Construction Research and Training (CPWR) is the research arm of the
Building and Construction Trades Department, AFL-CIO. The first edition
of this publication was developed by a working group convened by CPWR, in
collaboration with the Occupational Health Foundation and the Steel Structures
Painting Council, in 1993. This revised version of the model specifications
incorporates the recommendations of a working group convened in 1995 and
a peer review committee, which met in 1999 following implementation and
evaluation of the model specifications on a major bridge rehabilitation
project. Preparation of the revision has been supported by grant number
CCU317202 from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
(NIOSH). The contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do
not necessarily represent the official views of NIOSH.
CFR
|
Code
of Federal Regulations |
DOT |
U.S. Department
of Transportation |
EPA |
U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency |
LHASP |
Lead health
and safety plan |
NIOSH |
National Institute
for Occupational Safety and Health |
OSHA |
U.S. Occupational
Safety and Health Administration |
PEL |
Permissible
exposure level |
ug/dL |
Microgram(s)
per deciliter |
ug/m3 |
Microgram(s)
per cubic meter |
I |
Introduction |
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A. |
The
Rationale and Need for Model Specifications |
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B. |
Overview
of Model Specifications Development and Evaluation |
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II |
Owner
Guidance for Quality Assurance of Contractor Safety and Health Performance
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III |
Contractor
Safety and Health Specifications |
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A. |
General
Provisions |
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B. |
Lead
Specifications |
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1. |
General
Information |
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a.
Introduction |
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b.Site
Conditions |
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c.
Applicable Documents |
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d.
Definitions |
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1)
Industrial Hygienist (IH) |
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2)
Construction Safety & Health Specialist (CSHS) |
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e.
Submittals |
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1)
Lead Health & Safety Plan |
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2)
Monthly Reports |
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f.
Quality Assurance |
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1)
Industrial Hygienist (IH) |
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2)
Construction Safety & Health Specialist (CSHS) |
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3)
Walk-arounds |
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4)
Medical Surveillance |
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2. |
Products |
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3. |
Execution |
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a.
Engineering and Work Practice Controls |
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b.
Respiratory Protection Program |
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c.
Hygiene Facilities and Practices |
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1)
Hygiene Facilities |
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2)
Eating Area |
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3)
Change Room |
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4)
Protective Clothing and Equipment |
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5)
Preparation time |
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d.
Training |
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1)
Employees and Supervisors |
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2)
Content and Duration |
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e.
Worker Exposure Assessment |
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1)
Air Monitoring |
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2)
Wipe Sampling |
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4. |
Basis
of Payment |
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a.
Firm Fixed Price Contracts |
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b.
Cost Reimbursable or Cost Plus Contracts |
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5. |
Information
Resources |
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6. |
References |
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IV. |
Additional
Resources |
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A.
Building Trade Unions |
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B.
NIOSH Educational Resource Centers |
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C.
Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Health Professional Associations |
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D. State Contacts for the Adult Blood Lead Epidemiology and Surveillance
(ABLES) Program, 2002 |
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V. |
Appendices |
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A.
1993 Working Group |
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B.
1995 Working Group |
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C.
Blue Water Bridge Action Research Team |
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D.
Peer Review Committee |
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E.
New Jersey DOT Lead Health and Safety Requirements for Bridge Painting |
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F.
Connecticut DOT Lead Health Protection Program Requirements |
A. The Rationale and Need for Model Specifications. Since 1991,
funding for the repair and maintenance of U.S. steel bridges - numbered
at over 112,000 - has continued to mushroom. The Transportation Equity Act
for the 21st Century (TEA-21), which authorized $217 billion for highway
and mass transit construction between 1998 and 2003 has been described as
the largest public works bill in U.S. history.1 Funding for rehabilitation
and maintenance of existing lead-painted infrastructure continues to take
a major share of this revenue.
The deteriorating condition of the nation's transportation infrastructure
combined with the potential for high lead exposures associated with bridge
restoration work threatens workers and their families with a high risk of
lead poisoning absent a comprehensive approach to prevention. Health risks
associated with exposure to lead include impaired blood synthesis, nervous
system disorders, gastrointestinal effects, malformation of sperm and offspring
and kidney damage.
OSHA has estimated
that over 5000 bridge repainting and rehabilitation projects involving
lead exposure will occur each year (Federal Register, 1993). In addition,
exposures greater than 400 times the current OSHA Permissible Exposure
Limit (PEL) for construction have been documented during torch burning
and abrasive blasting - activities common to bridge rehabilitation and
demolition work.
Owners and contractors
have a clear interest and responsibility in ensuring that work on lead
painted structures does not endanger the health and well-being of workers,
their families, the community and the environment. Reliance on regulatory
enforcement alone is wholly inadequate since: 1) enforcement is
scarce relative to the large volume of work underway, and; 2) compliance
approaches often identify problems after harmful exposures have
already occurred. This document outlines a comprehensive, proactive approach
to occupational lead poisoning prevention centered around the use of contract
specifications.
As owners, state
and federal transportation agencies, city and county governments, and
others such as turnpike commissions, play a critical role in how work
on lead painted infrastructure is performed. Development of specifications
which require suitably protective work practices and controls, selection
of a qualified contractor and enforcement of the specifications are the
responsibilities of the owner.
Specifications govern
the terms of work in construction. They define how a job will be carried
out and what activities will be compensated. Elevating worker protection
to a detailed element of job specifications paid for by owners is an important
means of fully integrating safety and health into construction operations.
B. Overview for Model Specifications Development and Evaluation.
These Model Specifications for the Protection of Workers from Lead
on Steel Structures are intended to serve primarily as guidelines
for language governing lead health and safety contractor requirements.
The first version of this document was developed by a diverse group of
public health experts, contractors, industry trade associations, government
agencies and labor representatives in 1993. A roster of participants appears
in Appendix A.
Following the development
and widespread dissemination of the 1993 Model Specifications,
CPWR – Center for Construction Research and Training implemented the Model Specifications
on a lead abatement project at a NASA facility in Cleveland, OH in 1994.2
In addition, a survey of state transportation and health agencies and
a review of "Best Practices" for effective safety and health
programs was conducted.3,4,5 Based on the outcome of these
efforts, a second Working Group meeting was convened in 1995 to augment
and update the language developed in 1993. A roster of participants in
the 1995 Working Group meeting appears in Appendix B. In 1996,
the specifications were revised to incorporate recommendations resulting
from that process.
Between 1997 and
1999, CPWR used participatory research methods to evaluate the effectiveness
of the revised model language in an applied "real-world" highway
setting. The Michigan DOT incorporated special provisions drawn from CPWR's
Model Specifications into specifications governing rehabilitation
of the Blue Water Bridge - a 60 year old bridge which spans the St. Clair
River, a major Great Lakes shipping artery between Port Huron, Michigan,
U.S.A. and Pt. Edward, Ontario, Canada. An Action Research Team (ART),
which included representation from the principle trades employed on the
project (ironworkers, painters, laborers, carpenters, electricians, and
operating engineers), MDOT, Michigan OSHA (MI OSHA), the general and painting
contractors, and project insurance carrier representatives, met regularly
to review implementation of the model contract specification language.
The Blue Water Bridge ART Roster is included in Appendix C.
In 1999, a Peer
Review Committee was formed to review evaluation efforts and finalize
publication of CPWR's Model Specifications. This document reflects
the recommendations of that Committee which is chaired by Dr. Eula Bingham
of the University of Cincinnati.
These specifications
may be applied to work on lead painted structures owned by municipalities,
private industry or other government agencies. However, they were developed
primarily to assist state and federal transportation agencies in protecting
workers from excessive lead exposure during repair, repainting or demolition
of lead painted bridges and elevated highways. While this document focuses
primarily on lead hazard prevention, contract specifications are an important
means of addressing a much broader spectrum of health and safety hazards.
Specifications are an essential contractual tool for improving safety and
health conditions in construction. However, they are only one part of the
equation. As the controlling interest in construction projects, owners must
ensure that:
- contractors are
aware of the potential hazards associated with the rehabilitation, maintenance
and demolition of lead painted structures;
- contractors are
qualified to perform work safely; and
- contractors conduct
work in such a manner that workers, their families, the environment
and the community are protected from exposures to lead and that their
employees are guaranteed their right to a safe and healthful workplace.
Ensuring that all
of these requirements are met involves integration of safety and health
into each and every phase of construction, including project design and
planning. Owners responsible for lead-painted structures can prevent contamination
of the environment, surrounding communities and workers by having:
- more active involvement
in contractor selection and oversight, and
- greater involvement
in planning and communicating hazards associated with their structures.
Recommendations
for incorporating safety and health into each stage of project planning
and execution are listed below:
Job Planning.
In the interest of the owner, the public, contractors and their employees,
records which document the hazards associated with work on a particular
structure and procedures, either planned or completed, for controlling
those hazards should be retained by the owner and communicated to prospective
contractors.
1) Owners should
develop a written safety and health plan that identifies all recognized
hazards and minimum requirements for controlling those hazards for
each project prior to the selection of contractors.
2) Owners
should designate a qualified safety and health planning coordinator
to develop the plan and communicate and deliver the plan to the
contractor.
3) Owners
should maintain a "living file" on structures. The information
contained in the file should be communicated to prospective contract
bidders to ensure that the means for controlling identified hazards
are built into the project design.
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Mandatory Pre-bid Meetings. Pre-bid meetings provide an opportunity
for owners to inform contractors of potential hazards and discuss the worker,
community and environmental protection measures required on these projects.
If feasible, contractors should be required to visit the proposed work site.
Instead of holding a pre-bid meeting for each project, owners may prefer
instead to conduct an annual general meeting that all potential contractors
must attend. During this meeting, the requirements of a lead health and
safety plan, owner expectations for contractor performance and enforcement
mechanisms should be outlined.
4)
Owners should communicate identified hazards and minimum requirements
for abating hazards to contractors interested in bidding work. |
Pre-qualification and Contractor Selection Requirements. A
contractor's past performance should be evaluated to determine their ability
to complete work safely. Information that should be reviewed as a measure
of performance includes:
- Health and safety
programs of previous lead projects
- Prior serious
or willful OSHA citations
- Workers' compensation
ratings
- Experience modification
rating (EMR)
- OSHA 200 and
101 logs
- Citations issued
by environmental regulatory agencies
Contractors whose
previous experience indicates poor performance in the area of safety and
health should be considered non-responsive during the pre-bid stage for
the next contract season. In addition, contractor certifications which
demonstrate competence in the removal of hazardous paints should be considered
by owners for contractor selection. As an example, use of the Society
for Protective Coatings (SSPC), Painting Contractors Certification Program
(PCCP) could be used to evaluate a painting contractors' competence for
deleading work.6
5) Only contractors who can demonstrate they are capable of performing
work on lead painted structures without creating a hazard to their
employees, the public or the environment should be permitted to submit
bids. |
Submittals. Contractors should be required to submit an outline
of their Lead Health and Safety Plan (LHASP) as well as other documentation
(e.g. worker/supervisor training certifications) in response to the specifications
with their bid. Alternatively, the owner could require that bidders complete
a 1-2 page form that requires contractors to describe how they will address
each element of the LHASP. Information on the contractor's experience in
executing a Lead Health and Safety Program could be collected as part of
this process. This approach will ensure that each element of the program
is included in the bid price and also assist DOT agencies in assessing contractor
experience. Only those contractors who have submitted a bid which can reasonably
be expected to provide adequate protection to workers should be considered
for contract awards.
Owners should utilize
a qualified health and safety professional, such as an industrial hygienist,
to critically review submitted LHASPs. Transportation agencies could best
perform this function with in-house support and/or in concert with the
assistance of state health agencies. For instance, some state DOT agencies
have an industrial hygienist on staff to carry out this task. An alternative
approach is to retain an on-call professional consultant to act in an
"owner's representative" capacity. The DOT should ensure that
consultants are independent from bidding contractors in order to prevent
any potential conflict of interest from arising. One approach to assure
that a conflict of interest does not arise is for the DOT to contract
directly with the consultant.
6) Owners should
require that prospective bidders submit preliminary materials describing
their health and safety plan.
7) Owners
should review preliminary materials with the intent of selecting
only reasonably qualified contractors to submit bids.
8) Owners
should review bids to ensure that contractor personnel have adequate
training and technical capability and sufficient labor hours have
been estimated to perform the functions described in the contractors
health and safety plan.
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Verification
and Approval of the Contractor's Lead Health and Safety Plan.
At this phase, a qualified contractor has been selected and a preliminary
outline for the LHASP has been approved by the DOT. The DOT would now
verify the mobilization of appropriate and adequate resources relevant
to worker protection (e.g. ventilation equipment, sanitation facilities,
personal protective equipment, etc.) by the contractor for the awarded
project. The DOT should review the contractor's full written LHASP prior
to the initiation of work. Qualifications of the on-site Construction
Safety and Health Specialist, Industrial Hygienist and other personnel
as well as documentation verifying pre-assignment training, medical surveillance,
and respiratory fit testing should be reviewed. Once the written LHASP
and all other documentation required by the specifications has been approved
by the DOT, the contractor would be authorized to move into the construction
phase.
9) Owners should
verify the contractor's mobilization of adequate resources, procedures
and qualified personnel necessary for implementation of the LHASP.
10) Owners
should have qualified personnel on staff to review and approve the
contractor's Lead Health and Safety Plan (LHASP) prior to the start
of work.
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Notification
of Project Start-up to Appropriate Agencies. State and federal
agencies responsible for worker protection are an important resource for
transportation agencies. Consultation programs are available which may
be useful in project planning and to provide support once work is underway.
Given the transient nature of construction, the large number of construction
sites and limited OSHA staffing, transportation agencies can greatly assist
worker protection agencies by giving adequate advance notice of project
start dates to state and federal agencies responsible for ensuring workers
are protected from occupational lead hazard.
11) Owners should
notify the appropriate regulatory agency responsible for worker protection
of upcoming project start dates and regulated hazards at least 10
days prior to the start of work. |
While not a substitute
for exposure monitoring, worker blood lead levels (BLLs) are one barometer
of how effective a contractor's LHASP is in practice. Certified copies
of all employee BLLs which do not contain the names or social security
numbers of individual workers should be forwarded to both the DOT and
the state blood lead registry office in states where they exist no later
than 5 days after receipt. State lead registries provide a useful means
of tracking job sites with elevated BLLs. Interagency cooperation between
state health and transportation agencies is important to ensure that lead
registries effectively identify problem job sites and intervene to prevent
further exposure to workers. In states where blood lead registries exist,
state health departments should report those sites with elevated BLLs
to the DOT. This information can facilitate follow up site visits aimed
at identifying and remediating the problem. Interagency cooperation can
extend further to provide consultation services to the contractor looking
for constructive assistance, or if necessary, involve the efforts of agencies
charged with enforcing worker health and safety laws.
Enforcement of the
project specifications is the responsibility of the owner. Therefore,
DOT personnel, or their authorized representatives, should serve as front-line
inspectors of contractor compliance with the LHASP. Although DOTs will
need to train and maintain qualified staff, or retain outside professional
support, coating or welding inspectors could be utilized for much of this
work. For example, professional industrial hygienists (in-house or hired
on a consulting basis) could develop site-specific enforcement checklists
which could be used by trained DOT inspectors on a daily basis.
12) Owners
should work in collaboration with state health and labor agencies
to monitor the performance of contractors and intervene when necessary.
13) Owners
should designate a Project Safety and Health Coordinator to ensure
that
the written plan prepared by the Planning Coordinator is being followed.
14) A Project
Committee should be established made up of co-chairs of the joint
safety and health committee established by the contractor, the Construction
Safety and Health Specialist and the owner's Project Safety and
Health Coordinator. The Committee should meet at least once per
month to identify and remediate problems.
15) Owners
should use contract provisions to withhold payment or remove contractors
from the job-site who fail to comply with the written safety and
health program.
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A. General Provisions
1. Introduction
Work under this
item shall consist of implementation of a Safety and Health Plan. The
contractor will be fully responsible for the protection of his or her
employees and any subcontractor personnel from recognized safety and health
hazards. It shall be the contractor's responsibility to protect the health
and safety of all personnel on the job and the safety and health of the
public from hazards associated with construction activities on this project.
The contractor shall comply with federal, state and local laws, ordinances,
rules and regulations governing safe work-practices and use of equipment
and materials necessary to control occupational and environmental hazards.
2. Submittals
and Applicable Documents
Prior to the start
of work, the contractor shall submit to the engineer, a written safety
and health plan. The plan shall include, but not be limited to, a hazard
prevention program, worker education and training, and record keeping
consistent with Subpart C - General Safety and Health Provisions for Construction
(29 CFR 1926.20 through 1926.35).
3. Quality
Assurance
a. Joint Safety and Health Committee (JSHC). Meaningful
employee participation and regular communication between labor and management
are essential for effective safety and health programs. Joint Safety and
Health Committees are necessary for the regular exchange of information
between contractors and their employees.
The general or prime
contractor shall establish a site-based joint safety and health committee
(JSHC) upon the onset of work. If there is no general or prime contractor
on site, the owner shall establish a JSHC made up of individual contractors
and their employees engaged in work on the site.
Each craft and each
sub-contractor present on site will be represented on the JSHC, except
in the case of projects less than one month in duration in which case
the committee shall consist of at least one labor and one management representative.
On union sites, the labor representative shall be a safety steward assigned
by their respective labor organization. On non-union sites the labor representative
should be elected by the work force.
The JSHC shall be
composed of at least 50% labor representatives and co-chaired by both
a management and labor representative. Those individuals serving as chairpersons
of the JSHC shall have received training in safety and health regulations,
hazard recognition and control, communication, and the roles and responsibilities
of committee representatives. Chairpersons shall be given adequate time
to prepare for meetings (at least one hour). The JSHC shall meet regularly,
at least once per month. Committee chairpersons and stewards shall have
the authority by the owner to remove workers from unsafe work conditions
for which there is a reasonable cause to believe that an imminent danger
exists.
b. Trade
Committee. A Trade Committee shall be established composed of one
worker representative from each craft on site. On union jobs, such representatives
should be designated as safety stewards. On non-union jobs, the trade
representative should be elected by members of their respective craft
serving in a non-supervisory capacity. The Trade Committee shall meet
at least once per month at least 48 hours prior to the JSHC. The function
of the Trade Committee shall be to inform the JHSC of the occupational
health and safety concerns held by tradespeople on the project. The names,
trades represented and employer of members serving on the Trade Committee
will be noted and posted at designated locations in order to make individual
workers aware of their designated safety and health representative. Communication
between workers and trade representatives shall be facilitated by the
appropriate contractor.
Representatives serving
on the Trade Committee and the foremen for the sub-contractors to which
they are employed should conduct regular site inspections (at least once
per week) for the purpose of:
- verifying compliance
with the written safety and health plan;
- communicating
between workers in the trades they represent and/or employ, respectively,
and the JSHC
- monitoring site
conditions to ensure that employees and the public are being adequately
protected from health and safety hazards associated with construction
activities.
c. Responsibilities
of the JSHC. The co-chairs of the JSHC shall set meeting dates, times
and locations and prepare JSHC meeting agendas. The JSHC shall maintain
and keep minutes of its proceedings and make them available for review
by workers and their designated representatives. Committee members shall
be paid by their employer while serving on the committee. All time spent
in attendance at Committee meetings or in activities relating to the function
of the Joint Committee will be compensated at the member's current rate
of pay.
Meeting minutes.
Meeting minutes shall be recorded to identify hazardous conditions, what
and when corrective action is to be taken and who is responsible for this
action. The minutes will be typed by the employer and be available for
pick-up by JSHC Co-chairs within three (3) working days after the meeting
or as the Committee may from time to time instruct. Minutes of meetings
will be reviewed and edited where necessary, by the Co-chairs, then signed
and circulated to all Committee members before any broader circulation
takes place. Agenda items will be identified by a reference number, and
be readily available in a proper filing system. Names of Committee members
will not be used in the minutes.
Meeting agenda.
The agenda shall be the minutes of the previous meeting plus any new business.
All items that are resolved will be reported in the minutes. Unresolved
Items will be placed on the agenda for the next meeting.
The JSHC will review
reports made by safety and health personnel employed by the contractor
and provide regular input into the implementation of the site safety and
health program. The JSHC will make recommendations to occupational safety
and health personnel employed by the contractor. Recommendations of the
committee must be acted upon in a timely manner. The presence of a JSHC
does not supercede nor negate the contractor's duty to provide a safe
and healthful workplace.
B. Lead Specifications
1.
General Information
a) Introduction
Work under this item
shall consist of implementation of a Lead Health and Safety Plan. This
special provision is applicable on any job where an employee may be occupationally
exposed to lead. The intent of this special provision is to prevent employee
absorption of harmful amounts of lead in any form by inhalation or ingestion
and to prevent lead exposure to the families of workers through take-home
exposure via contaminated clothing, vehicles or other personal items,
such as tools or lunch boxes. The contractor will be fully responsible
for the protection of his or her employees and any subcontractor personnel
from exposure to lead as well as other recognized safety and health hazards.
Other hazards which may be associated with work on this structure include,
but are not limited to, heat stress, noise, ergonomic hazards, heavy metals
other than lead, falls and electrical hazards.
b) Site Conditions
The paint contained
on this structure contains lead. Lead has been shown to have serious health
effects on workers if caution and attention to details are not followed.
c) Applicable
Documents
The contractor shall
comply with the requirements of the Interim Final Rule for Lead Exposure
in Construction (29 CFR 1926.62) of the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health
Administration (OSHA) and any other applicable federal or state laws.
Additional Federal regulations which must be complied with include, but
are not limited to:7
29
CFR Part 1926.16 |
Rules
of Construction |
29
CFR Part 1926.59 |
Hazard
Communication |
29
CFR Part 1926.33 |
Access
to Employee Exposure and Medical Records |
29
CFR Part 1926.20 |
General
Safety and Health Provisions |
29
CFR Part 1926.21 |
Safety
Training |
29
CFR Part 1926.28 |
Personal
Protective Equipment |
29
CFR Part 1926.51 |
Sanitation |
29
CFR Part 1926.55 |
Gases,
Vapors, Fumes, Dusts and Mists |
29
CFR Part 1926.57 |
Ventilation |
29
CFR Part 1926.103 |
Respiratory
Protection |
29
CFR Part 1926.200 |
Accident
Prevention Signs and Tags |
29
CFR Part 1926.353 |
Ventilation
and Protection in Welding, Cutting and Heating |
29
CFR Part 1926.354 |
Welding,
Cutting and Heating in Way of Preservative Coatings |
29
CFR Part 1926.32 |
Competent
Person |
29
CFR Part 1926.64 |
Process
Safety Management of Highly Hazardous Chemicals |
29
CFR Part 1926.1127 |
Cadmium |
29
CFR Part 1926.1118 |
Inorganic
Arsenic |
d) Definitions
Industrial Hygienist
(IH). Industrial hygienists shall have the following qualifications:
current certification by the American Board of Industrial Hygiene with
field and sampling experience, preferably in the construction industry;
or hold a Master's degree from an accredited college or university in
the field of engineering, chemistry, physics, biological sciences, industrial
hygiene, toxicology, the environmental sciences or a related field and
have at least two years of full-time experience as an industrial hygienist,
including field and sampling experience, preferably in the construction
industry: or hold a Bachelor's degree in the field of engineering, chemistry,
physics, biological sciences, industrial hygiene, toxicology, the environmental
sciences or a related field and have at least three years of experience
as an industrial hygienist, including field and sampling experience, preferably
in the construction industry.
Construction Safety
and Health Specialist (CSHS). Construction Safety and Health Specialists
shall be capable of identifying hazardous or dangerous conditions related
to lead. CSHSs shall have experience in the construction industry (preferably
in highway and bridge rehabilitation), and formal training and experience
in safety and health. Such formal training and experience shall include
at a minimum:
- Five years experience
in construction, including building trades experience
- 32 hours of lead
abatement training for "superstructures"
- 30 hours of general
safety and health training equivalent to the OSHA
- 500 Course
- 24 hours of training
in industrial hygiene with an emphasis on air monitoring including on-the-job
experience.8
In addition, personnel
employed by the contractor responsible for safety and health should have
qualifications consistent with federal and state regulations. While the
contractor may elect to train and authorize the CSHS to serve as the competent
person as defined by 29 CFR Part 1926.32, these specifications do not
require that the CSHS serve in this capacity. The CSHS shall have the
authority to take prompt corrective action whenever necessary to enforce
the safety and health requirements of this specification.
e) Submittals
1) Lead Health and
Safety Plan
A Lead Health and
Safety Plan (LHASP) must be submitted to the DOT prior to the initiation
of work and should be specific to the job site. Filing of the plan will
not constitute approval by the DOT. A copy of the Interim Lead Standard
and other prevailing regulations should be submitted with this plan. Material
Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs) for any chemical products to be used on the
site should be submitted. The contractor's project supervisor shall be
able to demonstrate that he or she has read and understands these documents.
Training certifications for supervisors and employees should be submitted
as well as contractor certifications, where applicable. A copy of the
LHASP, applicable standards, MSDSs and Certifications must be on site
at all times.
The LHASP must include,
but is not limited to, information on the following topics:
a) General Introduction
b) Lead Health and Safety Organization and Responsibilities
c) Exposure Assessment Strategy
d) Engineering and Administrative Controls
e) Respiratory Protection
f) Protective Work Clothing and Equipment
g) Hygiene Facilities and Practices
h) Housekeeping
i) Medical Surveillance Program, including Medical Removal Protection
and Worker Notification Procedures
j) Decontamination Procedures
k) Employee Information and Training Procedures
l) Record Keeping
2) Monthly Reports
The Industrial Hygienist
shall certify in writing to the Engineer or designated owner representative
(hereafter referred to as the Engineer) that the contractor has performed
all of the listed requirements of the Lead Health and Safety Plan. The
report shall include an action plan to address any deficiencies found
during the previous month. Results of blood lead level monitoring, air
monitoring and wipe sampling shall be included. The Industrial Hygienist
shall approve all changes to the LHASP. The Engineer shall be immediately
informed by the Industrial Hygienist or CSHS of all major decisions regarding
any changes to the LHASP. A copy of the monthly report shall be provided
to the JSHC.
f) Quality Assurance
1) Industrial
Hygienist (IH). Contractors shall engage a qualified IH to:
a. Develop a written
LHASP.
b. Review the adequacy of the LHASP on a regular basis and update accordingly
with respect to changing site conditions if necessary.
c. Develop and oversee an exposure assessment strategy that includes
personal air monitoring, wipe sampling and evaluation of the effectiveness
of engineering and work practice controls.
d. Prepare monthly reports for presentation to a site-based joint safety
and health committee (JSHC), in accordance with these specifications,
which summarize industrial hygiene activities including air and wipe
sampling, biological monitoring and a deficiency action plan. e. Develop
and oversee the implementation of a respiratory protection program that
complies with 29 CFR 1926.103.
f. Review blood lead level monitoring results as necessary with the
physician in order to assess the efficacy of controls. (Job assignments
for workers with elevated BLLs should be based on collaboration of the
JSHC, IH, CSHS, physician and contractor).
g. Develop detailed check lists for use by the CSHS in verifying compliance
with the LHASP, periodically monitor the work site, and inform the contractor
and JSHC of any deficiencies noted as well as suggest corrective actions.
h. Conduct monthly follow-up training with employees based on input
of JSHC.
While the CSHS may
serve as the primary on-site monitor of the LHASP, the IH must be on site
at least once a week during activities which have been associated with
or can reasonably be expected to create lead exposures in excess of 30
ug/m3. The IH shall be on site more frequently at the start of the project
or when site conditions or work practices change until exposure monitoring
indicates that exposures are being effectively controlled. An increase
of 10 ug/dL or greater in worker BLLs will prompt more frequent site visits
by the IH until corrective measures have successfully reduced BLLs to
below 25 ug/dL.
The IH shall certify
monthly in writing, within 5 days after the end of the month, to the DOT
that the contractor has performed all of the listed requirements of the
Lead Health and Safety Plan and any actions taken on any deficiencies
found. The IH shall approve any changes to the LHASP. The DOT shall be
immediately informed by the IH or CSHS of all major decisions regarding
any changes to the LHASP.
The IH shall also
evaluate potential exposure hazards related to the use of chemical products,
including new paint coatings, and institute effective controls.
2) Construction Safety and Health Specialist (CSHS). The contractor
shall engage a Construction Safety and Health Specialist (CSHS), who is
not the project superintendent or foreman, to ensure compliance with the
LHASP. The CSHS shall be on site at all times when work requiring implementation
of the LHASP is in progress. The CSHS shall be empowered to perform safety
and health responsibilities without fear of retribution and provided with
adequate duty-time to execute job responsibilities. Determination of duty
time will be dependent on the specific responsibilities of the CSHS, the
nature of the site and site-specific hazards.
The CSHS will be
responsible for:
a. Implementing
and monitoring compliance with the LHASP on a daily basis.
b. Communicating with the JSHC and IH regarding implementation of the
LHASP and areas needing improvement.
c. Assisting the IH in exposure assessment activities.
d. Communicating results of exposure monitoring to workers on a regular
basis with the support of the IH as needed.
e. Ensuring daily compliance with the contractor's respiratory protection
program.
f. Utilizing developed check lists under the direction of the IH.
g. Working with the JSHC and IH in the implementation and evaluation
of interventions and control technologies.
h. Convening regular tool box talks to address identified problems and
provide ongoing training on safety and health program elements for workers.
i. Maintaining a log of all personnel entering work areas with potential
lead exposures. The log shall include the name and social security number
of the individual, the date, the time at which they enter and leave
the area, the task/job being performed and exposure monitoring data,
if any has been collected.
3) The IH and CSHS
shall consult with and conduct site walk-throughs with an owner representative
to determine compliance with the LHASP at a regular frequency of at least
two times per month.
4) Medical Surveillance.
The contractor shall institute a medical surveillance program consistent
with the requirements of Appendix C of 29 CFR 1926.62. All medical procedures
required by this program shall be provided by the contractor at no cost
to the employee. Employees shall receive full wages and benefits for all
time involved in medical testing. The medical surveillance program must
be overseen by a licensed physician. All blood tests and physical exams
shall be provided to employees at a reasonable time and location. The
employer shall notify each employee in writing of their biological monitoring
results within 5 working days of receipt of such results.
Employees with BLLs
25 ug/dL or greater shall be notified that this specification requires
medical removal protection when their BLL exceeds 30 ug/dL. Should an
employee's BLL exceed 30 ug/dL on any test, the employee must be retested
within two weeks.
Should the second BLL exceed 30 ug/dL, the employee shall be removed from
further lead exposure, either by being assigned alternative duties which
entail no potential exposure to lead, or, if this is not possible, being
removed from the job.
Employees removed
under Medical Removal Protection (MRP) are entitled to the same earnings,
seniority, and other rights and benefits they would have received if they
had not been removed. Earnings include base wages plus overtime, shift
differentials, incentives and other compensation they would have received
had they not been removed.
Biological monitoring
shall occur at the following frequency:
- Initial baseline
monitoring upon hire or start of job;
- Monthly, thereafter;
- Exit testing when
the job is completed or a worker is terminated.
In addition, the
following provisions shall be implemented:
i. An increase of
10 ug/dL or greater from one test to another shall trigger a work site
evaluation by the CSHS and the IH to identify problem areas and implement
appropriate control measures that effectively reduce BLLs to less than
25 ug/dL.
ii. If at any time during testing, a blood lead level of 25 ug/dL or greater
is detected, the employee shall be given the option of a physical examination
by a physician. Contractors shall ensure that all physicians conducting
blood monitoring shall have all samples analyzed by an OSHA approved lab
that has demonstrated proficiency in blood lead analysis. A list of approved
labs can be obtained from OSHA.9
Certified copies
of all blood lead level results shall be forwarded to the DOT no later
than 5 days after receipt. In order to protect the privacy of workers,
individual names and social security numbers shall not be included in
the information sent to the DOT.
2.
Products
Abrasive blasting
with abrasive containing crystalline silica can cause serious or fatal
respiratory disease.10 The use of abrasive containing more
than 1% crystalline silica is prohibited. Lead- based paints shall not
be used in new coating applications.11 The contractor shall
be aware that abrasive media might contain heavy metals such as arsenic,
manganese, chromium, cadmium, copper and magnesium.12,13 Potential
exposure hazards related to the use of chemical products, including new
paint coatings, must be evaluated by the IH and effective controls must
be instituted.
3.
Execution
a)
Engineering
and Work Practice Controls
Engineering and work
practice controls shall be the primary control methods to limit exposure
to lead and other occupational hazards. Construction tasks common to bridge
rehabilitation and maintenance which have been associated with high lead
exposure include torch-cutting, rivet busting and surface preparation
of lead-painted steel surfaces with abrasive blasting or power tool methods.
Where feasible, preference
shall be given to those paint removal and surface preparation methods
which capture debris at the source. Lead-based paint shall be sufficiently
removed from surfaces prior to welding or torch cutting to ensure that
the temperature of un-stripped metal is not appreciably raised.
All power tools used for paint removal shall be equipped with vacuum shrouds
which capture fine dust at the point and time of generation, and transport
the dust to collection systems equipped with HEPA filters. Such tools
include needle guns, scrapers, and roto peeners. Extended handles should
be used on cutting tools whenever possible to reduce exposure. Ongoing
evaluation of engineering controls shall be incorporated into the contractor's
exposure assessment strategy and monthly reports.
b) Respiratory
Protection Program
The contractor shall
implement a written respiratory protection program in accordance with
the provisions of 29 CFR 1910.134 and 29 CFR 1926.62(f). Until exposure
assessment is complete, the minimum respiratory protective equipment shall
be selected based upon the task that a worker performs as specified in
29 CFR 1926.62(d).
These requirements
can be modified if, and only if, the IH can verify that exposures permit
the use of other less protective respirators. Contractors must supply
workers with respirators that are NIOSH and MSHA certified at no expense
to the worker.
c) Hygiene Facilities and Practices
The Contractor shall
provide at no cost to the employee:
1) Hygiene Facilities.
Showers shall be provided and equipped with hot and cold water. Hand washing
facilities shall be provided in accordance with 29 CFR 1926.51 and shall
be readily accessible in the immediate work area. Hygiene facilities must
conform to the requirements specified in 29 CFR 1910.141, the OSHA Sanitation
Standard.
Washing facilities
shall be equipped with clean, hot and cold water, soap and disposable
towels which the workers will use to wash their hands and faces before
eating, drinking or smoking and after each work shift.
2) A clean area for
eating, drinking and smoking. Smoking, eating and drinking in lead contaminated
areas shall be prohibited.
3) A separate clean
change room equipped with wash up facilities and separate lockers for
work and street clothes. No street clothing shall be worn in contaminated
areas.
4) Protective clothing
and equipment and provisions for cleaning. In accordance with 29 CFR Part
1926.62, clean work clothes must be provided at least weekly to all employees
whose exposure levels are above the PEL and daily to those above 200 ug/m3
as an 8-hour TWA. Protective clothing and equipment must be repaired or
replaced as needed to maintain its effectiveness. Protective clothing
and equipment must be removed at the completion of a work shift only in
change areas provided for that purpose. Contaminated clothing is to be
cleaned, laundered or disposed of and shall be placed in a closed labeled
container. Persons responsible for handling contaminated clothing shall
be informed of potential hazards. At no time shall lead be removed from
protective clothing or equipment by any means that will put lead into
the work area, such as brushing, shaking, blowing or using a regular vacuum
cleaner. All protective clothing and equipment must remain on the work
site, and thus cannot be worn home.
5) Workers shall
be allowed sufficient pre-job preparation time to change into protective
clothing and sufficient clean-up time as part of the work day.
d) Training
All employees and
supervisors prior to the start of work shall have been trained in General
Construction Safety and Health, such training shall be at a minimum equivalent
to the OSHA 10 hour construction course. In addition, all employees shall
have received lead specific training, which at a minimum, shall satisfy
existing federal and state regulations.
The employer must
have a written plan developed for conducting employee training of lead
hazards in accordance with 29 CFR 1926.62(l). The training will cover,
at a minimum:
- The content of
the Interim Lead Standard and its appendices;
- The sources and
degree of lead exposure associated with specific tasks;
- The purpose,
proper selection, fitting, use and limitations of respirators;
- The purpose and
description of medical surveillance and medical removal protection including
the health effects of lead;
- Engineering controls
and work practices associated with the employee's job assignment including
site-specific measures to reduce lead exposure;
- The contents
of the LHASP;
- Instructions
that chelating agents should never be used except under the direction
of a licensed physician and never as a routine method of removing lead
from the body;
- The right of employees
and their designated representatives to exposure and medical records
in a timely manner as specified in 29 CFR 1910.20.
Training content and
duration must comply with federal, state and local standards. Documentation
which verifies that training for workers and supervisors is current and
valid must be on site at all times. Contractors must utilize workers and
supervisors who have been trained in programs which have been accredited
by the appropriate state or federal agency. Training must be presented in
a language that is understandable to workers and shall include at least
24 hours of classroom instruction and 8 hours of hands-on training involving
trade-specific activities. Classroom instruction shall be conducted in an
area with seating for all workers, provisions for audio-visual aids and
surfaces for writing.
e) Worker Exposure
Assessment
The contractor shall establish and follow an exposure assessment strategy
in accordance with 29 CFR 1926.62(d) which includes:
- Estimating personal
exposure levels to airborne lead among employees;
- Measuring the
effectiveness of engineering controls and determining the Adequacy of
personal protective equipment;
- Verifying that
lead dust is not carried off-site on personal belongings and that areas
designated as "clean" such as eating areas or decontamination
facilities in which street clothes are stored are not lead contaminated;
and
- Assessing any
change in operations or procedures that may affect exposure levels.
1) Air monitoring.
The contractor's exposure assessment strategy shall be in writing, and
must accompany all reports containing air sampling results. Multiple randomly
collected samples should be obtained by qualified personal at a regular
frequency for each job classification. All air monitoring and analysis
must be performed in accordance with NIOSH approved methods.
2) Wipe sampling. Because even small amounts of lead ingested from hand-to-mouth
contact can contribute to total body burdens of lead and because surface
lead dust can easily become airborne, it is important to assess contamination
of surfaces. Wipe sampling shall be used to assess potential contamination
in areas which should be free of contamination.14 Clean areas,
such as change rooms and eating areas shall not exceed 200 micrograms
of lead per square feet of surface area. Surfaces with lead contamination
in excess of this criteria shall be cleaned by HEPA vacuuming followed
by wet wiping. Wipe sampling, in accordance with NIOSH method 0700 is
required at the beginning of the job, and monthly thereafter, depending
upon the blood lead results and the observations made by the IH.
3) Until exposure
assessment is complete, respiratory protection based on presumed task-based
exposures defined in 29 CFR 1926.62(d)(2) shall be provided to employees.
4.
Basis of Payment
All elements of the
contractor's safety and health plan shall be paid for as:
a) Firm Fixed
Price Contracts: This type of contract is for goods or services
at a lump sum or set price which is not subject to change (unless the
delivery or scope of work is changed). It places the maximum risk upon
the contractor for cost effective performance. It is used to acquire
services which can be reasonably defined; or
b) Cost Reimbursable
or Cost Plus Contracts: Cost Reimbursable Contracts provide for
the reimbursement of actual costs incurred in the performance of the
scope of work or statement of work under the contract. The reimbursements
of these costs are limited by established procurement regulations as
well as the contract document. The Contract will set forth cost ceilings
below which the government will reimburse the Allowable Costs incurred.
This type of contract will be used only when uncertainties involved
in contract performance do not permit the establishment of estimated
costs with sufficient accuracy to use firm fixed price type contracts.
Under Cost-plus Fixed Fee (CPFF) the contractor agrees to perform the
statement of work within the cost ceilings negotiated plus a fee which
is fixed in definite dollar amount at the time of contract award or
negotiated.
5.
Information Resources
The following resources
may provide useful guidance for developing a LHASP. Their inclusion in
these specifications is for reference only and not to be interpreted as
a requirement.
A Compliance
Checklist for Monitoring Implementation of the CPWR Model Contract Specifications
for the Protection of Workers from Lead on Steel Structures. J. Gittleman
and D. Valiante (1998). CPWR – Center for Construction Research and Training, 8484
Georgia Ave., Suite 1000, Silver Spring, MD. 20910. 301-578-8500. Report
OSH1-98.
An Invitation
to Join in the Evaluation of Model Specifications for the Protection
of Workers from Lead on Steel Structures video. CPWR – Center for Construction Research and Training, 8484 Georgia Ave., Suite 1000, Silver Spring, MD. 20910.
301-578-8500.
Avoiding Lead-Based
Paint Hazards on Bridges and Other Steel Structures (1994). A Report
to the Federal Highway Administration. Alliance To End Childhood Lead
Poisoning, 227 Massachusetts Avenue, N.E., #200, Washington, DC 20002.
Implementing
Lead-Safe Work Practices for Steel Structures: Transportation Agency
Policies in 12 States. P. Erville (1995). CPWR – Center for Construction Research and Training, 8484 Georgia Ave., Suite 1000, Silver Spring, MD. 20910. 301-578-8500.
Report OSH1-96.
Industrial
Lead Paint Removal Handbook 2nd Edition. K. Trimber (1991). Steel
Structures Painting Council, 4516 Henry St., Suite 301, Pittsburgh,
PA 15213. SSPC 93-02.
Lead Control
Guide for Bridges and Steel Structures - Protecting Workers During
Rehabilitation and Demolition. N. Clark and M. Goldberg (1998). Mount
Sinai-Irving Selikoff Center for Occupational and Environmental Medicine,
New York, N.Y. Contact Mount Sinai CHEP, Box 1057, 1 Gustave L. Levy
Place, NY, NY, 212-241-7573/FAX 212-987-6407 for ordering information.
Minimum Criteria
for Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response Training Programs
NIEHS (1991). National Clearing House for Worker Safety and Health Training
for Hazardous Materials, Waste Operations, and Emergency Response. George
Meany Center for Labor Studies, 10000 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring,
MD 20903, 301-431-5425.
The 100 Most
Frequently Cited OSHA Construction Standards in 1991: A Guide for the
Abatement of the Top 25 Associated Physical Hazards (1993). U.S.
Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration.
For sale by U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents,
Mail Stop SSOP, Washington, D.C. 20402-9328.
Occupational Blood
Lead Surveillance of Construction Workers: Health Programs in Twelve States.
M. Goldberg; C. Roelofs; J. Weiner; and D. Nagin (1995). CPWR – Center for Construction Research and Training, 8484 Georgia Ave., Suite 1000, Silver Spring,
MD. 20910. 301-578-8500. Report OSH2-96.
Occupational
Blood Lead Surveillance of Construction Workers, II: Health Programs
in Thirteen States. M. Goldberg; et al (1997). CPWR – Center for Construction Research and Training, 8484 Georgia Ave., Suite 1000, Silver Spring, MD. 20910.
301-578-8500. Report OSH1-97.
Preventing
Lead Poisoning in Construction Workers (1992). National Institute
for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati,
OH 45226, 513- 533-8287.
Preventing
Silicosis and Deaths from Sandblasting (1992). National Institute
for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati,
OH 45226, 513-533-8287.
Protecting Workers and their Communities from Lead Hazards: A Guide
for Protective Work Practices and Effective Worker Training (1993).
Society for Occupational and Environmental Health, 6728 Old McLean Village
Drive, McLean, VA 22101.
Working with
Lead in the Construction Industry OSHA 3142 (1993). U.S. Department
of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Call OSHA Publications
Office, 202-219-4667 or write to Publications Office, Room N3101, Department
of Labor, 200 Constitution Ave. NW., Washington, D.C. 20210.
6.
References
DHHS (1990). Healthy
People 2000: National Health Promotion and Disease Objectives. Washington,
DC: US Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, DHHS
Publication No. (PHS) 91-50212.
Federal Register
(1993). Volume 58, Number 84, May 4, 1993.
USDOL (1991). OSHA
List of laboratories approved for blood lead analysis.
A. Building Trades
Unions
International Association
of Heat and Frost Insulators and Asbestos Workers
1776 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, #301
Washington DC 20036
Tel: 202-785-2388
Fax: 202-429-0568
International Brotherhood of Boilermakers, Iron Ship Builders, Blacksmiths,
Forgers and Helpers
735 State Avenue #565
Kansas City, KS 66101
Tel: 913-371-2640
Fax: 913-281-8101
International Union of Bricklayers and Allied Craftworkers
1776 Eye St., N.W.
Washington DC 20006
Tel: 202-783-3788
Fax: 202-393-0219
United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America
50 F Street, NW 7th Floor
Washington DC 20001
Tel: 202-546-6206
Fax: 202-543-5724
International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers
1125 15th Street, NW
Washington DC 20005
Tel: 202-833-7000
Fax: 202-728-7659
International Union of Elevator Constructors
5565 Sterrett Place, Suite 310
Columbia, MD 21044
Tel: 410-997-9000
Fax: 410-997-0243
International Association
of Bridge, Structural, Ornamental and Reinforcing Iron Workers
1750 New York Ave., N.W., #400
Washington, DC 20006
Tel: 202-383-4800
Fax: 202-638-4856
United Association of Journeymen and Apprentices of the Plumbing and Pipe
Fitting Industry of the United States and Canada
901 Massachusetts Avenue, NW
Washington DC 20001
Tel: 202-628-5823
Fax: 202-347-4938
Labourers' International Union of North America
905 16th Street, NW
Washington DC 20006
Tel: 202-737-8320
Fax: 202-737-2754
International Union of Operating Engineers
1125 17th Street, NW
Washington DC 20036
Tel: 202-429-9100
Fax: 202-778-2619
Operative Plasterers' and Cement Masons' International Association of
the
United States and Canada
14405 Laurel Place, Suite 300
Laurel, MD 20708
Tel: 301-470-4200
Fax: 301-470-2502
International Union of Painters and Allied Trades
1750 New York Avenue, NW
Washington DC 20006
Tel: 202-637-0700
Fax: 202-637-0771
United Union of Roofers, Waterproofers and Allied Workers
1660 L Street, NW, Suite 800
Washington DC 20036-5603
Tel: 202-463-7663
Fax: 202-463-6906
Sheet Metal Workers' International Association
1750 New York Avenue, NW
Washington DC 20006
Tel: 202-783-5880
Fax: 202-662-0894
International Brotherhood
of Teamsters
25 Louisiana Avenue, NW
Washington DC 20001
Tel: 202-624-6800
Fax: 202-624-8106
International Association of Heat and Frost Insulators and Asbestos Workers
1776 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, #301
Washington DC 20036
Tel: 202-785-2388
Fax: 202-429-0568
International Brotherhood of Boilermakers, Iron Ship Builders, Blacksmiths,
Forgers and Helpers
735 State Avenue #565
Kansas City, KS 66101
Tel: 913-371-2640
Fax: 913-281-8101
International Union of Bricklayers and Allied Craftworkers
1776 Eye St., N.W.
Washington DC 20006
Tel: 202-783-3788
Fax: 202-393-0219
United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America
50 F Street, NW 7th Floor
Washington DC 20001
Tel: 202-546-6206
Fax: 202-543-5724
International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers
1125 15th Street, NW
Washington DC 20005
Tel: 202-833-7000
Fax: 202-728-7659
International Union of Elevator Constructors
5565 Sterrett Place, Suite 310
Columbia, MD 21044
Tel: 410-997-9000
Fax: 410-997-0243
International Association
of Bridge, Structural, Ornamental and Reinforcing Iron Workers
1750 New York Ave., N.W., #400
Washington, DC 20006
Tel: 202-383-4800
Fax: 202-638-4856
United Association of Journeymen and Apprentices of the Plumbing and Pipe
Fitting Industry of the United States and Canada
901 Massachusetts Avenue, NW
Washington DC 20001
Tel: 202-628-5823
Fax: 202-347-4938
International Brotherhood of Teamsters
25 Louisiana Avenue, NW
Washington DC 20001
Tel: 202-624-6800
Fax: 202-624-8106
B. NIOSH Educational Resource Centers
ALABAMA EDUCATION AND RESEARCH CENTER
University of Alabama at Birmingham
School of Public Health
RPHB 120
1530 3rd Avenue South Birmingham, AL 35294-0022
(205) 934-6208
Fax: (205) 975-5484
E-mail: oestensk@uab.edu
R. Kent Oestenstad, Ph.D., Director
CALIFORNIA EDUCATION AND RESEARCH CENTER - NORTHERN
University of California at Berkeley
School of Public Health
140 Warren
Berkeley, CA 94720-7360
(510) 642-0761
Fax: (510) 642-5815
E-mail: spear@uclink2.berkeley.edu
Robert C. Spear, Ph.D., Director
CALIFORNIA EDUCATION AND RESEARCH CENTER - SOUTHERN
University of Southern California
School of Medicine
Department of Preventive Medicine
1540 Alcazar Street, Suite 236
Los Angeles, CA 90033
(323) 442-1096
Fax: (323) 442-3272
E-mail: jpeters@hsc.usc.edu
John M. Peters, M.D., Director
CINCINNATI EDUCATION AND RESEARCH CENTER
University of Cincinnati
Department of Environmental Health
P.O. Box 670056
Cincinnati, Ohio 45267-0056
(513) 558-1749
Fax: (513) 558-2772 or 4397
E-mail: clarkcs@E-mail.uc.edu
C. Scott Clark, Ph.D., P.E., CIH, Director
HARVARD EDUCATION AND RESEARCH CENTER
Harvard School of Public Health
Department of Environmental Health
665 Huntington Avenue
Boston, MA 02115
(617) 432-3323
Fax: (617) 432-0219
E-mail: dchris@hohp.harvard.edu
David C. Christiani, M.D., Director
MIDWEST HEARTLAND CENTER FOR OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY & HEALTH
University of Iowa
Oakdale Campus, 108IREH
Iowa City, IA 52242-5000
(319) 335-4415
Fax: (319) 335-4225
E-mail: nancy-sprince@uiowa.edu
Nancy Sprince, M.D., M.P.H., Director
NORTH CAROLINA EDUCATION
AND RESEARCH CENTER
University of North Carolina
School of Public Health
Rosenau Hall, CB# 7400
Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7410
(919) 966-3473
Fax: (919) 966-7911
E-mail: mike_flynn@.unc.edu
Michael R. Flynn, Sc.D., Director
TEXAS EDUCATION AND RESEARCH CENTER
University of Texas Health Science
Center at Houston
School of Public Health
P.O. Box 20186
Houston, TX 77225-0186
(713) 500-9459
Fax: (713) 500-9442
E-mail: GDelclos@sph.uth.tmc.edu
George L. Delclos, M.D., Director
ILLINOIS EDUCATION AND RESEARCH CENTER
School of Public Health
2121 West Taylor Street, Rm. 215
Chicago, IL 60612-7260
(312) 996-7887
Fax: (312) 413-7369
E-mail: dhryhorc@uic.edu
Daniel O. Hryhorczuk, M.D., M.P.H., Director
JOHNS HOPKINS EDUCATION AND RESEARCH CENTER
Johns Hopkins University
School of Hygiene and Public Health
615 North Wolfe Street
Baltimore, MD 21205
(410) 955-4037
Fax: (410) 955-1811
E-mail: jagnew@jhsph.edu
Jacqueline Agnew, Ph.D., Director
MICHIGAN EDUCATION AND RESEARCH CENTER
University of Michigan
College of Engineering
Dept. of Industrial and Operations
Engineering Building
1205 Beal Avenue
Ann Arbor, MI 48109
(734) 763-0563
Fax; (313) 764-3451
E-mail: wmkeyser@umich.edu
W. Monroe Keyserling, Ph.D., Director
MINNESOTA EDUCATION AND RESEARCH CENTER
University of Minnesota
School of Public Health
Box 807, Mayo Memorial Building
Minneapolis, MN 55455
(612) 626-4855
Fax: (612) 626-0650
E-mail: igreaves@cccs.umn.edu
Ian A. Greaves, M.D., Director
NEW YORK/NEW JERSEY EDUCATION AND RESEARCH CENTER
Mt. Sinai School of Medicine
Department of Community and Preventive Medicine
P.O. Box 1057
One Gustave L. Levy Pl.
New York, NY 10029-6574
(212) 241-4804
Fax: (212) 996-0407
E-mail: p_landrigan@smtplink.mssm.edu
Philip J. Landrigan, M.D., M.Sc., Director
UTAH EDUCATION AND RESEARCH CENTER
University of Utah
Rocky Mountain Center for Occupational
and Environmental Health
75 /siytg 2000 East
Salt Lake City, UT 84112-5120
(801) 581-8719
Fax: (801) 581-7224
E-mail: rmoser@rmcoeh.utah.edu
Royce Moser, Jr., M.D., M.P.H., Director
SOUTH FLORIDA EDUCATION AND RESEARCH CENTER *
University of South Florida
College of Public Health
13201 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., MDC Box 56
Tampa, FL 33612-3805
(813) 974-6626
Fax: (813) 974-4986
E-mail: sbrooks@com1.med.usf.edu
Stuart M. Brooks, M.D., Director
WASHINGTON EDUCATION AND RESEARCH CENTER
University of Washington
Department of Environmental Health
P.O. Box 357234
Seattle, WA 98195-7234
(206) 685-3221
Fax: (206) 543-9616
E-mail: mmorgan@u.washington.edu
Michael S. Morgan, Sc.D., Director
C. Industrial
Hygiene and Occupational Health Professional Associations
State, County and
Municipal health agencies may be able to assist you in locating industrial
hygienists and occupational physicians in your area. In addition, the
following associations may be helpful in obtaining technical support:
American Conference
of Governmental Industrial Hygienists
6500 Glenway Ave., Bldg. D-7, Cincinnati, OH 45211-4438
(513) 661-7881.
American Industrial
Hygienists Association
2700 Prosperity Ave., Suite 250, Fairfax,VA 22031
(703) 849-8888, FAX 207-3561.
Association of
Occupational and Environmental Clinics
1010 Vermont Ave., NW, #513, Washington, DC 20005
(202) 347-4976, FAX 347-4950.
American College
of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
55 West Seegers Road, Arlington Heights, IL 60005
(708) 228-6850, FAX 228-1856.
D. State Contacts
for the Adult Blood Lead Epidemiology and Surveillance (ABLES) Program,
2002
State (mcg/dL)
|
Principal
Investigator
|
Other Contacts
|
Phone
|
Facsimile
|
Alabama
(15) |
J.
P. Lofgren |
|
334/206-5971 |
334/206-5967 |
Arizona
(10) |
Will
Humble |
Patty
Arreola (5943) |
602/230-5830 |
602/230-5933 |
California
(25) |
Barbara
Materna |
Payne
(4284)/Hipkins(4262)/Harrington (4335) |
510/622-4343 |
510/622-4310 |
Connecticut
(all) |
Renee
Coleman-Mitchell |
Carolyn
Webb, (7744) Deborah Pease (7771) |
860/509-7730 |
860/509-7785 |
Florida
(10) |
David
Johnson |
Trina
Thompson (4444) |
850/245-4299 |
850/922-8473 |
Georgia
(unk) |
Stic
Harris |
|
404/463-3748 |
404/657-2608 |
Hawaii
(unspec) |
Betty
Wood |
|
808/586-4530 |
808/586-4444 |
Illinois
(25) |
Roy
Maxfield |
|
217/557-5663 |
217/524-1770 |
Iowa
(all) |
Kenneth
Choquette |
Rita
Gergely, Bruce Hokel |
515/281-8220 |
515/242-6284 |
Kansas
(25) |
Maria
Albert |
Morey
(7154) Timothy Monroe 913/296-0201 |
785/368-7389 |
913/291-3775 |
Kentucky
(25) |
Nancy
Briggs |
Anne
Johnson, James Davis |
502/564-4830 |
606/257-3909
|
Maine
(25) |
Andrew
Smith |
Rhonda
Surette (3964) Kim Lim (624-6443) |
207/287-5189 |
207/287-4631 |
Maryland
(25) |
Ezatollah
Keyvan-Larijani |
|
410/631-3987 |
410/631-4112 |
Massachusetts
(15) |
Richard
Rabin |
Rokho
Kim/Esmirna Soto |
617/969-7177 |
617/727-4581 |
Michigan
(all) |
Douglas
Kalinowski |
Ken
Rosenman/Amy Sims
(432-0707) |
517/353-1846 |
517/432-3606 |
Minnesota
(all) |
Myron
Falken |
Larry
Olson (0926) |
651/215-0877 |
651/215-0975 |
Missouri
(25) |
Fazle
Khan |
Betty
Mahjoub, Carol Braun, Gary McNutt |
573/526-4911 |
573/526-6946 |
Montana
(unk) |
Terry
Krantz |
Amy
MacKenzie (2408) |
406/444-4735 |
406/444-4135 |
Nebraska
(all) |
John
Hall |
Thomas
Safranek (0550) |
402/471-0782 |
402/471-3601 |
New
Hamp. (25) |
Anne
Kubina (-5870) |
C
Cullinan 3854/ C DeLaurier 4719/L Speikers |
603/271-7093 |
603/271-3991 |
New
Jersey (all) |
Barbara
Gerwel |
R
Ramaprasad/D Valiante (9442)/ M Pearson |
609/984-1863 |
609/292-5677 |
New
Mexico (all) |
Retta
Prophet |
James
Padilla (3583) Glenda Hubbard(3577) |
505/476-3582 |
505/476-3589 |
New
York (all) |
Kitty
Gelberg |
Robert
Stone |
518/402-7900 |
518/402-7909 |
North
Carolina(40) |
Pat
Curran |
|
919/733-0200 |
919/733-8493 |
Ohio
(all) |
Nan
Migliozzi |
Ed
Socie |
614/466-4183 |
614/644-7740 |
Oklahoma
(10) |
Edd
Rhoades |
Ken
Cadaret/Amy Fletcher |
405/271-6617 |
405/271-4892 |
Oregon
(25) |
Karen
Southwick |
Rick
Leiker/Marilyn Scott |
503/731-4025 |
503/731-4798 |
Pennsylvania
(25) |
James
Logue |
J
Gostin x3223/K Ramaswamy 783-4677 x3202 |
717/787-1708 |
717/772-6975 |
Rhode
Island (all) |
Marie
Stoeckel |
Susan
Feeley |
401/222-2438 |
401/222-2456 |
South
Carolina(40) |
Rose
Fitchett |
Karen
McKernan |
803/896-9726 |
803/896-9941 |
Texas
(25) |
Diana
Salzman |
Shari
Shanklin |
512/458-7269 |
512/458-7699 |
Utah
(15) |
Wayne
Ball |
Melissa
Carbine (6340)/Mark Jones |
801/538-6191 |
801/538-9923 |
Washington
(all) |
Stephen
Whittaker (5663) |
Barbara
Silverstein |
360/902-5669 |
360/902-5672 |
Wisconsin
(10) |
Henry
Anderson |
Sue
Garman (267-3256)/Terry Moen (8579) |
608/266-1253 |
608/267-4853 |
Wyoming
(all) |
Debi
Nelson |
Karl
Musgrave (7172) |
307/777-6015 |
307/777-5402 |
Appendix A: 1993 Working Group Participants
Mr. Daniel
P. Adley
KTA Environmental
115 Technologies Drive
Pittsburgh, PA 15275
(412) 788-1300 ext. 214
FAX (412) 257-6093
Mr. Bernie Appleman
The Society for Protective Coatings
40 - 24th St., 6th Fl.
Pittsburgh, PA 15222-4656
(412) 281-2331 ext.234
FAX (412) 281-9992
Mr. Peter Barlow,
P.E.
ConnDot Bridge Design
160 Pascone Pl.
Newington, CT 06111
(203) 666-7338
FAX (203) 666-7362
Mr. William Bergfeld
Laborers-AGC
37 Deerfield Road
P.O. Box 37
Pomfret Center, CT 06259
(203) 974-0800
FAX (203) 974-1459
Mr. Daniel M. Boody,
President
Buffalo Building & Construction
Trades Council
12 Elmwood Avenue
Buffalo, NY 14201
(716) 886-3984
FAX (716) 886-3602
Mr. Ted Brucker
California Dept. of Transportation
Division of Structures
Maintenance
PO Box 942874
Sacramento, CA 94274-0001
(916) 654-7053
FAX (916) 227-8357
Mr. L. Brian Castler
Connecticut Department of Transportation
2800 Berlin Turnpike
P.O. Box 317546
Newington, CT 06131-7546
(860) 594-2660
FAX (860) 594-2678
Mr. George Cesarini
St. Paul Fire & Marine Insurance Co.
1 Jericho Plaza
Jericho, NY 11753
(516) 935-3700
FAX (516) 935-3816
Ms. Ellen Coe, R.N.,
M.P.H.
Health Registries Division
Maryland Department of the Environment
2500 Broening Highway
Baltimore, MD 21224
(410) 631-3852
FAX (410) 631-4112
Mr. Steve Cooper
Safety and Health Director
International Association of Bridge,
Structural & Ornamental Iron Workers
1750 New York Ave., N.W., Suite 400
Washington, DC 20036
(202) 383-4800
FAX (202) 638-4856
Mr. Michael Damiano
Manager, Painting Contractor
Certification Program
Steel Structures Painting Council
4516 Henry St., Suite 301
Pittsburgh, PA 15213-3728
(412) 687-1113 ext. 103
FAX 687-1153
Mr. Denny Dobbin
NIEHS Worker Training Program
P.O. Box 12233 (MD1802)
Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
(919) 541-0752
Mr. Alan Echt, CIH
National Institute
of Occupational Safety and Health
DSHEFS / NIOSH
4676 Columbia Parkway, MS R-11
Cincinnati, OH 45226
(513) 841-4374
FAX (513) 841-4488
Ms. Barbara Gerwel,
M.D.
New Jersey Department of Health
CN360
Trenton, NJ 08625-0360
(609) 984-1863
FAX (609) 984-2218
Mr. Matt Gillen
Environmental Protection Agency/OPPT
401 M Street, S.W., (TS-799)
Washington, DC 20460
(202) 260-1801
FAX (202) 260-2219
Dr. Mark Goldberg
Mt. Sinai School of Medicine
Box 1057
1 Gustave Levy Place
New, York, NY 10029
(212) 241-4597
FAX (212) 996-0407
Ms. Janie Gordon
University of Maryland Medical Center
405 W. Redwood, 2nd Fl.
Baltimore, MD 21201
(410) 706-6178
FAX (410) 706-4078
Mr. Joe Durst, Director
UBC Health & Safety Fund
of North America
101 Constitution Avenue, N.W.
Washington, DC 20001
(202) 546-6206
FAX (202) 546-7802
Mr. John P. Hausoul
Environmental Protection Specialist
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
401 M Street, S.W. (TS-799)
Washington, D.C. 20460
(202) 260-3457
FAX (202) 260-2219
Mr. George L. Hudspeth,
Jr.
Florida Building & Construction
Trades Council
927 Belvedere Road
West Palm Beach, FL 33405
(407) 833-2461
FAX (407) 833-6377
Mr. Bill Kojola
Laborers' Health & Safety Fund
905 16th Street, N.W.
Washington, DC 20006
(202) 628-5465
FAX (202) 628-2613
Mr. John Kolaya
Yonkers Contracting Co., Inc.
140 Plymouth Street
Brooklyn, NY 11201
(718) 624-1770
FAX (718) 624-5838
Jerry Langone
Civil Engineer II
Massachusetts Highway Department
519 Appleton Street
Arlington, MA 02174
781-648-6100
FAX: 781-646-5115
Mr. Elihu Leifer
Sherman, Dunn and Cohen
1125 15th Street, N.W.
Washington, Dc 20005
(202) 785-9300
FAX (202) 775-1950
Dr. Stephen Levin,
MD
Mt. Sinai Medical Center
Occupational Medicine
1 Gustave Levy Place
Box 1057 / 10 E 102nd Street
New York, NY 10029
(212) 241-7809
FAX (212) 996-0407
Ms. Nora Leyland
Sherman, Dunn and Cohen
1125 15th Street, N.W.
Washington, DC 20005
(202) 785-9300
FAX (202) 775-1950
Mr. Louis G. Lyras,
President
Corcon, Inc.
P.O. Box 106
Lowellville, OH 44436
(216) 536-2133
FAX (216) 536-6875
Dr. Kathy Maurer,
Project Director
Connecticut Road Industry Surveillance Project (CRISP)
150 Washington Street
Hartford, CT 06106
(203) 566-1454
FAX (203) 566-1656
Mr. R. Leroy Mickelsen
National Institute for Occupational
Safety and Health
4676 Columbia Parkway R-5
Cincinnati, OH 45226
(513) 841-4380
FAX (513) 841-9506
Mr. John Moran
Laborers' Health & Safety Fund
905 16th Street, N.W.
Washington, DC 20006
(202) 628-2596
FAX (202) 628-2613
Mr. Charles Most
Ironworkers' National Fund
1750 New York Avenue, Suite 400
Washington, DC 20006
(202) 383-4870
FAX (202) 347-5256
Ms. Debbie Nagin
NY Dept. of Health
Bureau of Occupational Health
5 Penn Plaza, Rm. 405
NY, NY 10001
(212) 613-2402
FAX (212) 613-4954
Ms. Ana Maria Osorio,
M.D., M.P.H.
Occupational Health Branch
California Dept of Health Services
2151 Berkeley Way, Annex 11
Berkeley, CA 94704
(510) 540-2115
FAX (510) 540-3472
Mr. Anthony D. Pellegrino
New Jersey Dept of Transportation
1035 Parkway Ave., CN600
Trenton, NJ 08625
(609) 530-5472
FAX (609) 530-8294
Mr. Paul Perkins,
Asst Chief
Maryland State Highway Administration
707 North Calvert Street
Baltimore, MD 21203-0717
(410) 333-1550
FAX (410) 333-3139
Mr. Richard Rabin
Mass. Department of Labor and Industries
Division of Occupational Hygiene
1001 Watertown Street
Newton, MA 02165
(617) 969-7177
FAX (617) 727-4581
Mr. Brad Sant
Assistant Safety & Health Director
Building & Construction Trades Department
815 16th Street, N.W., Room 603
Washington, DC 20006
(202) 347-1461
FAX (202) 628-0724
Mr. Scott Schneider
Laborers' Health & Safety Fund
905 16th Street, N.W.
Washington, DC 20006
(202) 383-2805
FAX (202) 628-2613
Mr. David M. Serra
Pennsylvania Dept of Transportation
715 Jordan Avenue
Montoursville, PA 17754
(717) 368-5645
FAX (717) 368-5643
Mr. Paul J. Seligman,
MD, MPH
National Institute for Occupational
Safety and Health
4676 Columbia Parkway R-21
Cincinnati, OH 45226
(513) 841-4353
FAX (513) 841-4489
Dr. Irene Smith,
CRISP
376 Summit Street
New Haven, CT 06513
(203)445-4551
FAX (203) 445-0340
Mr. Tom Smith
Yonkers Contracting Co., Inc.
140 Plymouth Street
Brooklyn, NY 11201
(718) 624-1770
FAX (718) 624-5838
Mr. Pete Stafford
CPWR – Center for Construction Research and Training
8484 Georgia Ave, 10th Fl.
Silver Spring, MD 20910
(301)578-8500
FAX (301) 578-8572
Ms. Pam Susi
CPWR – Center for Construction Research and Training
CPWR – Center for Construction Research and Training
8484 Georgia Ave, 10th Fl.
Silver Spring, MD 20910
(301)578-8500
FAX (301) 578-8572
Ms. Ellen Tohn
Alliance to End Childhood Lead Poisoning
600 Pennsylvania Avenue, S.E., Suite 100
Washington, DC 20003
(202) 543-1147
FAX (202) 543-4466
Mr. David J. Valiante
New Jersey Dept. of Health CN-360
Trenton, New Jersey 08625
(609) 984-1863
FAX (609) 984-2218
Dr. Laura Welch,
MD
Division of Occupational and
Environmental Medicine
The George Washington University
2300 K Street, N.W. Room 201
Washington, D.C. 20037
(202) 994-1734
FAX (202) 994-3949
Ms. Teresa M. Willis
Environmental Epidemiology Program
Texas Department of Health
1100 West 49th Street
Austin, TX 78756
(512) 458-7269
FAX (512) 458-7601
Appendix B: 1995 Working Group
Participants
Mike Blotzer,
MS, CIH, CSP
Chief, Industrial Hygiene Office
NASA Lewis Research Center
21000 Brookpark Road, MS 6-4
Cleveland, OH 44135
P: 216- 433-8159
F: 216-433-8719
Marty Cohen
Industrial Hygienist
Washington Dept. of Labor and Industries
POB 44330
Olympia, WA 98504-4330
P: 360-902-4957
F: 360-902-5672
Pierre Erville
Alliance to End Childhood Lead Poisoning
227 Massachusetts Ave., NE, Ste. 200
Washington, DC 20002
P: 202-543-1147
F: 202-543-4466
Lynda M. Ewers, PhD
Research Industrial Hygienist
NIOSH
4676 Columbia Parkway
Cincinnati, OH 45226
P: 513-841-4580
F: 513-841-4486
Bob Farrington
Secretary-Treasurer
Ohio State BCTC
236 E. Town Street, Ste. 120
Columbus, OH 43215
P: 614-221-3682
F: 614-461-1328
Jack Finklea, M.D.
Medical Officer
3179-B Flowers Rd., So.
Atlanta, GA 30341
P: 770-488-4694
F: 770-488-1662
Shamus Flynn
Apprentice Coordinator
Ironworkers Local #17
1700 Dennison Ave., Rm. 202
Cleveland, OH 44109
P: 212-749-6160
Mark Goldberg
Assistant Professor
Mt. Sinai School of Medicine
Box 1057
1 Gustave Levy Place
New York, NY 10029
P: 212-241-4597
F: 212-996-0407
Heather Grob
Economics Research Coordinator
CPWR – Center for Construction Research and Training
111 Massachusetts Ave., N.W., Ste. 509
Washington, DC 20001
P: 202-962-8490
F: 202-962-8499
Keith Gromen
Safety & Health Coordinator
Ohio Department of Health
246 N. High Street
Columbus, OH 43215
P: 614-466-5274
F: 614-644-7740
Joe Guadagno
IH Technician
UAW Local 774
2939 Niagara Street
Buffalo, NY 14207
P: 716-873-4715
F: 716-873-8341
Bill Howe, PE
Civil Engineer II
NYS Dept. Of Transportation
Construction Division
1220 Washington Ave., 4-101
Albany, NY 12232-0410
P: 518-485-1834
F: 518-485-1833
Jerry Langone
Civil Engineer II
Massachusetts Highway Department
519 Appleton Street
Arlington, MA 02174
P: 617-648-6100
F: 617-643-0477
George Macaluso
Laborers' National Health & Safety Fund
905 16th St., N.W.
Washington, DC 20006
P: 202-628-5465
F: 202-628-2613
Barbara Materna
Industrial Hygienist
California Dept. Of Health Services
1515 Clay St., Ste. 1901
Oakland, CA 94612
P: 510-622-4343
F: 510-622-4310
Dooley Merrick
Project Manager, Paint Safe
Northwest Painters Conference
10750 San Point Way, NE
Seattle, WA 98125
P: 206-368-8938
F: 206-368-8268
Thomas Nunziata
Lead & Asbestos Program Spec.
Laborers-AGC Education & Training Tund
37 Deerfield Road
P.O. Box 37
Ponfret, CT 06259
P: 860-974-0800
F: 860-974-1459
Andrea Okun
Senior Prevention Specialist
NIOSH
R.A. Taft Labs
4676 Columbia Pkwy.
Cincinnati, OH 45226
P: 513-841-4523
F: 513-841-4486
Herman Panigutti
Cleveland Building Trades Council
1417 East 25th Street
Cleveland, OH 44114-4710
P: 216-771-3929
F: 216-771-1572
Ray Price
Business Manager
IBPAT D.C. #6
2605 Detroit Ave.
Cleveland, OH 44113
P: 216-771-4896
F: 216-771-1970
Rick Rabin
Coordinator
Lead Registry
MA Department of Labor
8 Sawin Street
Arlington, MA 02174
P: 617-969-7177
F: 617-727-4581
Cora Roelofs
Industrial Hygienist
Mt. Sinai School of Medicine
Box 10571 Gustave Levy Pl.
New York, NY 10029
P: 212-241-4697
F: 212-996-0407
Robert Roscoe
Supervisory Epidemiologist
Surveillance Branch
NIOSH/SHEFS
4676 Columbia Pkwy., MS R-21
Cincinnati, OH 45225-1988
P: 513-841-4424
F: 513-841-4489
Tim St. Clair
Safety Consultant
Ohio Bureau of Workers' Compensation
905 Zane Street
Zanesville, OH 43701
P: 740-823-9098
F: 740-450-5171
Pam Susi
Program Director
Exposure Assessment
CPWR – Center for Construction Research and Training
8484 Georgia Ave, 10th Fl.
Silver Spring, MD 20910
(301)578-8500
FAX (301) 578-8572
Joe Ventura
State Health and Safety Manager
Painters DC #6
8257 Dow Circle
Cleveland, OH 44136
P: 440-239-4575
F: 440-234-6512
Nidia Villalba, MD,
IH, OHST
Program Coordinator
Safety & Health
Electrical Industries
158 Harry Van Arsdale Jr. Ave.
Flushing, NY 11365
P: 718-591-3234
F: 718-380-7741
Jean Weiner
Project Coordinator
Mount Sinai Medical Center
Box 1057
1 Gustave Levy Pl.
New York, NY 10029
P: 212-241-9485
F: 212-996-0407
Philip Woods
Field Consultant
Construction Safety Assoc. Of Ontario
21 Voyager Court South
Etobicoke, Ontario, Canada M9W 5M7
P: 416-674-2726
F: 416-674-8866
1.Pub. L. No. 105-178,
June 9, 1998.
2. Susi, P. & Ventura, J. Implementing and Evaluating Model Lead Specifications.
SSPC's 9th Annual Conference. March 11-13, 1996.
3. Erville, P. Implementing Lead-Safe Work Practices for Steel Structures:
Transportation Agency Policies in 12 States. July 1995.
4. Goldberg, M., et. al. Occupational Blood Lead Surveillance of Construction
Workers Health Programs in 12 States. November 1995. Occupational Blood
Lead Surveillance of Construction Workers, II Health Programs in 13 States.
March 1997
5. CPWR (1995) Best Practice Issues Review: Recommendations for Revisions
to CPWR – Center for Construction Research and Training Model Specifications for the Protection
of Workers from Lead on Steel Structures. Silver Spring, MD.
6. SSPC-QP 2: Standard Procedure for Evaluating the Qualifications of Painting
Contractors to Remove Hazardous Paint (latest edition). SSPC: The Society
for Protective Coatings. Pittsburgh, PA, 2000.
7. On June 30, 1993, OSHA officially incorporated all applicable General
Industry Standards (Part 1910) into the Construction Industry Standards
(Part 1926). OSHA revised Part 1926 by adding the applicable Part 1910 Standards
to part 1926. Copies of Federal regulations can be obtained from the Superintendent
of Documents, US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402.
8. Examples of acceptable air monitoring courses include the Science and
Air Monitoring Courses offered as part of the International Union of Painters
and Allied Trades (IUPAT) Painter Safety and Health Technician Program at
Marshall University and Industrial Hygiene Sampling courses offered at NIOSH
Educational Resource Centers (ERCs). A list of Building Trades Unions, including
the IUPAT, and NIOSH ERCs can found in Section V. Additional Resources.
9. To obtain a current list of the approved labs contact: John Germ, OSHA
Salt Lake Technical Center Blood Lead Program, 801-524-7925/FAX 524-6660.
10. DHHS. (1992) Preventing silicosis and deaths from sandblasting. National
Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Publication No. 92-102.
11. There is not a set standard for industrial use of lead based paint at
this time. In a memo dated Jun 14, 1993, the Federal Highway Administration
prohibited the use of lead paint on Federal aid projects authorized after
June 1, 1993.
12. Adley, D & Trimber, K. Evaluation of Substitute Materials for Silica
Sand in Abrasive Blasting. Journal of Protective Coatings and Linings, Aug.
1999.
13. OSHA (3/11/96) Special Emphases Program: Lead in Construction, CPL 2,105.
14. While there are currently no Federal standards for lead in surface dust,
the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) sets a clearance level
of 200 ug/ft2 for floors. OSHA Compliance Directive CPL 2-2.58 - 29 CFR
1926.62, Lead Exposure in Construction (1993) uses this criteria for determining
whether an employer has maintained surfaces free of contamination.
This paper appears in the eLCOSH
website with the permission of the author and/or copyright holder and
may not be reproduced without their consent. eLCOSH is an information
clearinghouse. eLCOSH and its sponsors are not responsible for the accuracy
of information provided on this web site, nor for its use or misuse.
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