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Balancing benefits of chemical with environmental protection
Maximizing benefit and minimizing environmental impact are the goals of Clemson research into chemical use at nurseries and greenhouses. 

In one study, Clemson researchers found that growers can optimize hosta production by lowering levels of nitrogen. This reduces the levels of leaf area necrosis in the popular landscape plant. However, growers must use their own judgment to determine the balance between enhancing growth and risking necrosis as they select nitrogen levels. 

Other studies have investigated ways to minimize chemical run-off from plant production facilities. The scientists found that planting strips of hybrid Bermuda grass in run-off water channels can create a natural filter to remove chemicals. In addition, the study found that pulsed irrigation produced less run-off volume, and therefore fewer chemical losses, than did normal overhead irrigation systems. This research was conducted in cooperation with a commercial nursery, the Clemson University and Carolina Nurseries Partnership.

Another study found that man-made wetlands could also serve as natural filters for run-off water. In this investigation, researchers built wetlands with roofing liner, pea gravel and recirculating pumps, then planted them with ornamental and native wetland plant species such as canna. The wetlands proved to be both effective and attractive, offering growers a low-cost, low-maintenance, and aesthetically pleasing way to process pesticide waste.  

For more information, contact Ted Whitwell (twhtwll@clemson.edu), Clemson Horticulture Department, or Steve Klaine (sklaine@clemson.edu), Clemson Environmental Toxicology Department.

Technical articles
Effect of Integrated Pest Management Strategies on Chlorothalonil, Metalaxyl and Thiophanate-methyl Runoff at a Container Nursery
(pdf 382 KB)

Formulation Effects on Isoxaben and Trifluralin in Runoff Water from Container Plant Nurseries
(pdf 275 KB)

Influence of Pinebark and Gravel on Degradation of Isoxaben in Retention Basins
(pdf 418 KB)

Preemergent Bittercress Control on a Gravel Groundcover
(pdf 366 KB)