Wetland Plants and Plant Communities of Minnesota and Wisconsin
Appendix A
KEY TO THE WETLAND GOLDENRODS (Solidago) OF MINNESOTA AND WISCONSIN
(Modified from Gleason and Cronquist (1991) and Swink and Wilhelm (1994))1A. Flowering heads are flat-topped (inflorescence is a corymb).
- 2A. Leaves of lower and upper stem are dissimilar, the lower or basal
leaves being better developed and usually persistent; leaves are not glandular-punctate;
typically occur on calcareous soils.
- 3A. Branches and pedicels of the inflorescence are glabrous; leaves
are flat and not triple nerved...............Solidago ohioensis
- 3B. Branches and pedicels of the inflorescence are pubescent; leaves tend to be sickle-shaped (falcate), folded (conduplicate), and triple nerved...............Solidago Riddellii
- 3A. Branches and pedicels of the inflorescence are glabrous; leaves
are flat and not triple nerved...............Solidago ohioensis
- 2B. Leaves linear (narrow), similar on lower and upper stem, and leaves
are glandular-punctate (use a 10-15X hand lens); stems are pubescent; tends
to be clonal...............Euthamia graminifolia
(Formerly known as Solidago graminifolia.)
- 4A. Inflorescence spreading, with recurved-secund branching. Branches
and branchlets of the inflorescence are pubescent.
- 5A. Leaves very scabrous above; basal and lower cauline leaves
persistent and very large; stem generally angled in cross section;
typically occurs in calcareous fens and shaded seeps...............Solidago
patula
- 5B. Leaves triple nerved, not scabrous; leaves of lower and upper
stem tend to be similar; stem glabrous and glaucous below the inflorescence
and not angled; tends to be clonal...............Solidago
gigantea
(NOTE: Solidago gigantea may hybridize with Solidago altissima. Such hybrids are often sparsely pubescent on the stem below the inflorescence and may be cited in some works as Solidago canadensis.)
- 5A. Leaves very scabrous above; basal and lower cauline leaves
persistent and very large; stem generally angled in cross section;
typically occurs in calcareous fens and shaded seeps...............Solidago
patula
- 4B. Inflorescence much longer than broad; branches rather short and not recurved-secund; branches and branchlets of the inflorescence are not pubescent (but may be puberulent). Stems not angled, nor glaucous below the inflorescence; typically occurs in both bogs and fens...............Solidago uliginosa
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