USDA ERS Research Innovation and Development Grants in Economics

The Relationship between Family Poverty and Food Assistance/Nutrition Programs among Native American Populations (RIDGE)

The Native Peoples Technical Assistance Office (NPTAO) in collaboration with the American Indian Studies Program (AISP) at the University of Arizona is one of five academic/research centers engaged in partnership with the USDA Economic Research Service (ERS) to stimulate new and innovative research on food assistance and nutrition issues and to broaden the participation of social scientists in these topics.  Since 1998, the NPTAO/AISP has worked with scholars at tribal colleges and other institutions through ERS' RIDGE Program (Research Innovation and Development Grants in Economics) to support analyses of the unique issues and challenges faced by Native Americans with respect to loss of traditional life-ways, food assistance and commodity programs, and nutrition-related health issues. RIDGE grants last for one to two years; most are in the range of $20,000 to $40,000.

The NPTAO/AISP program focuses on the following broad research categories: Food Stamp Programs as a Safety Net; Better Service to the Working Poor; WIC Program Research; Child Nutrition Issues; and Outcome-Based Performance Measures. NPTAO/AISP regard the RIDGE Program as a unique opportunity to foster tribal college faculty development, institutional capacity building, tribal college student participation in the research process, and partnerships between 1862 and 1994 land grant institutions and other collaborations.

2006 Workshop on Research and Data Collection Needs to Assess the Use and Impact of Food Assistance Programs on Indian Reservations.

2007-2008 NPTAO RIDGE Program

The following projects were selected for the 2007-2008 program.  Presentations will be given at the 2008 Annual RIDGE conference in Washington, D.C. in October, 2008.  Final reports will be available in early 2009.

Little Priest Tribal College, Winnebago, Nebraska
“Wa-dooch Pinx-gi (Ho-Chunk for Really Good Eating)”
Crystal Snowball, Principal Investigator
According to Nebraska Health and Human Services, American Indians in Nebraska are more likely to die from diabetes-related causes than all other racial and ethnic groups. Based on the USDA Fruit and Vegetable Pilot Program model, the research project, Wa-dooch Pinx-gi (Really Good Eating), envisioned by Little Priest Tribal College will address the awareness and behavior associated with an unhealthy diet.  It will assist students who are current and former recipients of food assistance to make the transition to healthy eating for themselves and their families, independent of government assistance programs through education, participant feedback, and introduction of healthy fruits and vegetables into their daily diets.

Johns Hopkins University Center for Human Nutrition
“Understanding the Impact of Food Assistance Programs Usage on Diet among American Indians”
Joel Gittelsohn, PhD, Principal Investigator
Muqe Qu, MHS, Co-Principal Investigator
Despite of the heavy use of Food Assistance Programs (FAP) in American Indian populations, relatively little research has been conducted to understand FAP usage patterns among American Indians and the impact of usage on dietary quality. The purpose of this project is to address the following research questions: 1) What are the patterns of FAP usage in terms of food acquisition and consumption among AI participants, 2) how do they relate to food acquisition patterns and actual dietary quality, and 3) how can these patterns be improved?

The study will be carried out on two American Indian reservations, the San Carlos Apache reservation and White Mountain Apache reservation, Arizona, as a part of an ongoing community-based environmental nutrition intervention program to improve diet and reduce risk for obesity and other chronic disease.  We will expand the planned baseline evaluation data collection by increasing the total sample size to 150 respondents and we will: (1) collect additional data to understand the FAP usage patterns of program participants, (2) examine the relationship between the FAP usage patterns and dietary quality among participants, and (3) develop and incorporate effective and culturally appropriate nutrition intervention components that address FAP use to improve these patterns.  The findings from the research will provide insights about how to improve patterns of Food Assistance Programs use in American Indian populations.

The University of Montana Department of Health and Human Performance
“Implementing strategies that increase healthy food consumption in local grocery stores on a Northern Plains Indian Reservation”
Blakely Brown, PhD, Principal Investigator
Tracy Burns, MS, RD, On-Site Project Director

Year 2 is a continuation of the 2007 project as it seeks to implement the healthy food strategies identified from Year 1 data.  Based on preliminary analysis of some of the data, it is believed some of the community-identified healthy food strategies will including providing (1) information on nutrition and healthful eating and cooking, (2) shelf-label information and posters displayed in the stores to help customers identify healthy foods, (3) tribal government supported vouchers and/or community incentives for trying new healthy foods, and (4) information and opportunities for tribal members to participate in community gardening opportunities.  These strategies will increase tribal member awareness for healthy foods and increase the availability of healthy foods in grocery stores on and near the reservation. 

The Children Youth Project (Indian Health Service grant) is entering its second year on the reservation.  It is hoped to involve some of the Native youth participating in the Children Youth Project to help on-site project staff disseminate nutrition education material and hold cooking or taste test demonstrations in the local grocery stores.  They may also distribute/present the information to tribal members attending school health fairs at various times during the year. Having Indian youth participate in the Grocery Stores project would increase their knowledge about healthy foods and increase chances in adopting healthier food intakes and shopping habits. As in Year 1, project data and outcomes to the tribe and community as well as other American Indian reservations interesting in improving local food environments will be undertaken.

Sipaulovi Development Corporation, Second Mesa, Arizona
“Healthy Foods in a Rural Convenience Store Setting”
Susan Secakuku, Principal Investigator

Sipaulovi Development Corporation (SDC) is researching and developing a replicable model demonstrating that convenience stores with fast food components can profitably source, offer, and promote a range of healthy choices to consumers.  This project targets health and nutrition issues faced by the working poor with limited access to healthy foods and limited food dollars to spend.  This project will research the best avenues for incorporating locally-sourced ingredients into traditional-type foods that can be offered in a “fast-food” setting and sourcing for other healthy yet convenient Native food product and snacks.  Convenience foods and fast foods currently available within the Hopi Nation are contributing to rising obesity and diabetes. Findings from NPTAO research projects from the past several years support the premise of this project.  Regionally, there are diverse resources and partnerships available to the project from agencies, organizations, universities, and businesses committed to eating locally and sustainably.  This project will develop not only the model but also the real-worlds sourcing, pricing, and management structures to implement the research and develop a sustainable project that will benefit the community.

In the first phase of this 18-month project, SDC will conduct a strategic plan to determine the best way to provide healthy foods in the convenience store and deli, while being price competitive and appealing to local audiences.  The second phase of the challenge is to identify sources that are as local as possible, working outward in concentric circles with Sipaulovi at the center.  The third phase, which takes parallel with the other two, is to develop an educational campaign that engages Hopi people in a dialog with each other about nutrition, cooking, food selection, and healthy eating.

Previous NPTAO/AISP RIDGE Program Reports:

The collection of reports featured below, developed through the NPTAO/AISP RIDGE program, is a valuable body of Native-related research now available to tribal leaders, scholars and policy makers that was not accessible prior to the development of our research partnerships with tribal communities. Most recent projects are listed first.

Iowa State University: A National-Level Study of Food Stamp Program Participation Among Native Americans: 1995-2002

In this project, the investigators sought answers to four broad questions regarding participation in food stamps and the FDPIR among American Indians: (1) what are the participation rates among American Indians in the Food Stamp Program and how do these compare to the general population; (2) To what extent do American Indians participate in Food Distribution Programs on Indian Reservations; (3) After controlling for other factors, do American Indians have higher rates of food stamp participation than the rest of the population; and (4) How do food stamp participation rates among American Indians living on reservations compare with those living off-reservation?

Iowa State University
Ames, IA 50011
Phone: 515-294-4111
Website: http://www.iastate.edu/

Principal Investigators: Craig Gundersen and Karen Rimsa
2006 Report

Iowa State University: A National-Level Study of Food Insecurity and Hunger Among Native Americans: 1995-2002

Native Americans face many economic and non-economic challenges which lead to higher poverty rates than the rest of the United States. Given the close connection between poverty and food insecurity and hunger, high rates of food insecurity and hunger among Native Americans could be expected. Previous research has demonstrated that food insecurity and hunger are serious issues in many reservations. This project builds on that research by using national level data to address four broad questions:

• The number of Native Americans suffering from food insecurity and hunger
• The comparison of food insecurity and hunger among Native Americans to that of the U.S. population as a whole
• Whether Native Americans have higher rates of food insecurity than non-Native Americans, controlling for other factors
• The comparison of food insecurity among Native Americans living on reservations with those living off reservations.

Data from the Current Population Survey (CPS) for 1995-2002 addressed the first three questions. The CPS contains the Core Food Security Module (CFSM) used to estimate official rates of food insecurity and hunger in the U.S. The CFSM can identify both households that are food insecure or food insecure with hunger and the depth of that insecurity. Data was provided for eight years, and combined to conduct multi-variate analyses to determine whether Native Americans experience higher levels of food insecurity and hunger relative to the U.S. population. Data from the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series (IPUMS) supplemented CPS data to compare Native Americans living on reservations with those living off reservations. IPUMS can identify whether an individual lives on a reservation, allowing use of variables common to both data sets to compare the extent and depth of food insecurity for Native Americans living on and off reservations.

Iowa State University
Ames, IA 50011
Phone: 515-294-4111
Website: http://www.iastate.edu/

Principal Investigators: Craig Gundersen and Katherine J. Burns
2008 Publication
2005 Report

University of Arizona: Implementation of a Small-scale backyard integrated aquabioponics food production system and training program for Native Hawaiian Working Families in Hawai'i

Initially, the Principal Investigators collaborated with the Paia Learning Center (PLC) to design and construct a small-scale integrated AquaBioPonics system which produced fish, vegetables, biofuels and organic fertilizer. This system also has the capacity of producing methane gas as an additional by-product. A series of workshops were conducted at PLC to train interested families and individuals in how to construct the system and produce food items. This integrated system known as Systems AquaBioPonics of Recirculation - SAAR - was developed by Professor Aecio D`Silva in his backyard and has been utilized many parts of the world. The integrated SAAR system recycles water, nutrients and wastes, and yields fish (tilapia), a vegetable crop, and organic fertilizer. The water used for growing vegetables is also used for growing tilapia; the wastes produced by tilapia provides nutrients to the hydroponic crop. Such a system represents a highly promising water-efficient and sustainable food production strategy for both small-scale backyard systems and larger commercial systems that maximize reuse of water, nutrients and wastes. The integrated system promises several-fold greater productivity per unit resource than other non-integrated systems. Thus, a grower receives more edible or saleable plant and animal products for every dollar spent and for every unit of resource used, providing competitive advantage to those adopting such a system and reducing environmental impact by virtue of its vastly lessened resource usage and non-polluting nature. Two project sites on Maui were developed with Maui Community College and Lahaina High School.

The University of Arizona School of Natural Resources
325 Biological Sciences East
Tucson, AZ 85721
Phone: (520) 621-7255
Fax: (520) 621-8801
Website: http://www.ag.arizona.edu/srnr/index.php

Principal Investigator: Aecio D'Silva, Ph.D. aeciom@aquaguru.com
2007 Report
2007 Power Point Presentation
2006 Report

Tucson Community Food Bank: Mobile Markets' Participation and Impact: An Analysis of Pascua Yaqui Pueblo and the Old Nogales Highway Colonia

Compared to higher-income households, low-income households often face higher food prices and less availability of more varied and nutritious foods. In part, this is because they live farther away from suburbs where food prices are typically lower and larger scales of operation provide greater food variety. The Community Food Bank's Mobile Markets bring a variety of food items to low income areas in more remote parts of Pima County, Arizona . This study measured the extent to which residents of the Pascua Yaqui People and the Old Nogales Highway Colonia pay higher prices for food items than other Pima County residents. It also measured how participation in mobile markets has affected household access to and consumption of more nutritious foods. Data was collected from market sales logs, mobile market customer phone, face-to-face with Pascua Yaqui elders, surveys and food store market price surveys to quantify how mobile markets have affected the cost and availability of different food items.

University of Arizona College of Agriculture & Life Sciences
Department of Agriculture and Resource Economics
Professor George B. Frisvold
Phone: 520-621-6269
Email: frisvold@ag.arizona.edu
and
Tucson Community Food Bank
3003 South Country Club
Tucson, AZ 85726
Phone: 520-622-0525 or 800-950-8681
FAX: 520-624-6349
Website: http://www.communityfoodbank.com

Principal Investigators: George B. Frisvold, Ph.D. and Anita C. Fonte, Ph.D.
2007 Report
2007 Power Point Presentation
2006 Report

Measuring food purchases, community needs and tribal policy for healthy foods in local grocery stores on and near a Northern Plains Indian reservation

This project assessed community needs and perceptions of food resources and the food environment in three small grocery stores on or near a Northern Plains Indian reservation in the United States. The project also assessed tribal member ideas for culturally specific and community based strategies for increasing purchases and use of healthier foods in the local grocery stores. Qualitative interviews were conducted with tribal government and health officials to determine the likelihood of adopting a local tribal policy that increases the availability of healthy foods in the local grocery stores and supports consumer demand for these food items. The Year 1 data is helping develop and implement strategies for increasing healthy foods and sales of healthy foods in a small grocery store on the reservation in Year 2. All project outcomes were disseminated to the Tribal Health Board and Council in December 2007. These data can be used in grants the tribes submit that fund strategies that improve local food environments on the reservation. The project can also inform other reservation communities how to assess, and ultimately improve, their local food environments.

Dr. Blakely Brown, Associate Professor, Nutrition
The University of Montana
Department of Health and Human Performance
207 McGill Hall
Missoula, Montana  59812
Phone: 406-243-6524
Email: blakely.brown@u.montana.edu

2007 Report

Blackfeet Community College: Native Nutrition and Foods Initiative Research

This project initiated a food system study of early Indian food systems and present food system nutritional based research that complemented the Blackfeet Indian Community. Specifically, the project examined the nutrition base of traditional foods and its impact on health and wellness before introduction of the non-Indian food diet; studied the present day food system, food pyramid and nutrition and the impact of health and wellness of the Blackfeet Community; gathered information, historical data, documents, and statistics; developed a traditional food system pyramid; and developed a research impact statement on all findings and dissemination throughout the community, including WIC programs, food stamp programs, and other programs dealing with feeding the community.

Blackfeet Community College
P.O. Box 819
Browning, MT 59417
Phone: 1-800-549-7457
Website: http://www.bfcc.org/

Principal Investigator: Wilber Fish, with assistance from Mari King, Director, Blackfeet Community College Traditional Foods Project.
2006 Report

University of Arizona: Understanding Traditional Foods Security of Hopi Single Parent Female Headed Households

The purpose of this research was to determine the situation of families headed by single females in their ability to access Hopi traditional foods. These foods are important both in nutritional well being and cultural participation. Participatory Rural Assessment (PRA) training was provided to community representatives hired to conduct the survey. The training helped community representatives better understand how to approach a community assessment from an asset-based perspective. It provided them a deeper understanding of how and why the survey instrument is developed. Two Community Representatives were trained in PRA to conduct community interviews, including Ms. Iva Honeystewa and Ms. Harissa Koiyaquaptewa. They also participated in database development and entering information into the database.

University of Arizona, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Hopi Tribe Cooperative Extension Office
P.O. Box 123        
Kykotsmovi, AZ 86039
Phone: 928-734-3708
Fax: 928-738-2360
Website: http://cals.arizona.edu/hopi/

Principal Investigator: Matt Livingston
and
Dr. Cornelia B. Flora
Director, North Central Regional Center for Rural Development
Iowa State University
108 Curtis Hall
Ames, Iowa 50011
Phone: 515-294-1329
Email: cflora@iastate.edu
2007 Report
2006 Report

Tohono O'odham Community College: Improving Community Nutrition Through Traditional Tohono O'odham Foods: A Community-Based Health Intervention Study

Decreased consumption of traditional foods has affected the health of the Tohono O'odham community. This study builds on previous research on the impact of these dietary changes by documenting the impact of increased consumption of traditional foods on the health of the Tohono O'odham.

Tohono O'odham Community College
P.O. Box 3129
Sells, AZ 85634
Phone: 520-383-8401 (Sells)
520-623-6175 (Tucson)
FAX: 520-383-8403
Website: http://www.tocc.cc.az.us/

Principal Investigators: Tristan S. Reader and Paul Buseck
Final Report Developed with assistance from Katrina Jagodinsky
2006 Report

White Earth Tribal and Community College: The Mahnomen Project

The Mahnomen Project (Mahnomen is the Ojibwa word for wild rice) proposed an ethnographic study on the significance of wild rice on the White Earth Reservation. Documenting the traditional Aniishinaabe perceptions will aid upcoming decisions and protection practices and policies facing the White Earth Tribal Council. The project will also provide cultural enrichment for tribal college students involved in the research project as well as enlighten state and federal legislators to the cultural significance wild rice has for the Aniishinaabe. (Funded 2002)

White Earth Tribal and Community College
202-210 South Main Street
Mahnomen, Minnesota 56557
Phone: 218-935-0417
Principal Investigator: Annabelle Rowland

Report unavailable

University of New Mexico: The Nutritional Impact of the WIC Program on Navajo Women and Their Children

The study objective was to identify how the nutritional status of Navajo women and children participating in the WIC program can be improved. This ethnographic study targeting Navajo WIC participants in Cuba, New Mexico, examined the impact of WIC on the nutritional status of pregnant, breastfeeding, and postpartum women, infants, and children from birth to 5 years of age. Navajo clients from the eastern checkerboard area attend this off-reservation WIC clinic. WIC personnel, community members, selected WIC participants, a Native American student, and the principal investigator collaborated to identify topics of interest related to the nutritional status of Navajo women and children. In-depth interviews with WIC personnel and program participants documented the benefits of WIC and the challenges involved in improving the nutritional status of Navajo women and children. A Native American student was trained in qualitative research methodology, and conducted field interviews, wrote field notes, entered and coded data into a qualitative database, and assisted in interpreting, analyzing, and writing up study results.

University of New Mexico
Albuquerque, NM 87131
Phone: 505-277-0111
Website: http://www.unm.edu/

Principal Investigator: Joanne McCloskey
2006 Report

Fort Peck Community College: Children and Nutrition: The Growing Health Epidemic of Diabetes in Indian Country

Fort Peck Community College examined the prevalence of diabetes among the Fort Peck Indian Reservation in Montana. Fort Peck Community College, chartered by the Fort Peck Assiniboine and Sioux Tribes, is an accredited tribal college that has taken an active approach in dealing with health promotion and holistic wellness of reservation residents. The College, in partnership with the Fort Peck Tribal Health Diabetes Program and Indian Health Service, has reviewed the general status of the reservation's youth and have committed to providing long-standing solutions to reverse unhealthy nutritional status of tribal members, which has resulted in a serious diabetic trend.

Fort Peck Community College
P.O. Box 398
Poplar, MT 59255
Phone: 406-768-6300
FAX: 406-768-6301
Website: www.fpcc.edu

Principal Investigator: Ben Johnson, Sr., B.S.
Contributor: Jennifer Perez, B.A.
2004 Report

Keweenaw Bay Ojibwa Community College: Nutrition Assessment and Education for Keweenaw Bay Ojibwa

Keweenaw Bay Ojibwa Community College established an outcome-based performance measures project, with overall goals aimed at the assessment of food consumed and served on the L'anse Indian Reservation and encouraging Native American students into higher education, specifically into the nutrition fields. The intention of this project was to blend the traditional nutrition practices of the Ojibwa people within nutrition education and contemporary challenges. The importance of traditional teachings and how they contribute to the physical, emotional, mental and spiritual health of the Ojibwa people was integrated. (Funded 2002)

Keweenaw Bay Ojibwa Community College
409 Superior Avenue
P.O. Box 519
Baraga, Michigan 49908
Phone: 906-353-8161
Website: www.kbocc.org

Principal Investigator: Debra Parish
2003 Report
2004 Report

Tohono O'odham Community College: The Impact of Food Assistance Programs on the Tohono O'odham Food System: An Analysis and Recommendations

Tohono O'odham Community College and Tohono O'odham Community Action developed a research program designed to use qualitative and quantitative outcome-based performance measures to analyze the effects of food assistance programs on the Tohono O'odham food system, as well as to make recommendations on ways in which such programs could be changed in order to encourage the redevelopment of a sustainable and healthy community food system within the Tohono O'odham Nation. (Funded 2000 through 2002)

Tohono O'odham Community College
P.O. Box 3129
Sells, Arizona 85634
Phone: 520-383-8401 (Sells)
520-623-6175 (Tucson)
FAX: 520-383-8403
Website: www.tocc.cc.az.us

Principal Investigator: Daniel Lopez
Contributors: Tristan Reader and Julia Corty
2001 Report
2002 Report
2003 Report

Chief Dull Knife Memorial College: The Impact of Food Assistance Programs on American Indian Reservations: The Northern Cheyenne Case Study

A research collaboration between Chief Dull Knife Memorial College and Brigham Young University has documented the impact of recent food assistance changes on nutritional and socio-economic well being in the context of Northern Cheyenne cultural and political life, and identified ways in which tribal, community and other agencies might serve Cheyenne families struggling to adapt to new program requirements more effectively. (Funded 1998 through 2001)

Chief Dull Knife Memorial College
P.O. Box 98
Lame Deer, Montana 59043
Phone: 406-477-6215

Principal Investigators: Judith Davis (Chief Dull Knife Memorial College) and Carol Ward (Brigham Young University)
Contributors: Rita Hiwalker (Chief Dull Knife Memorial College ), Erin Feinauer, Martha Johnson, and Cheryl Youngstrom (Brigham Young University). :
2000 Report
2001 Report
2002 Report

Diné Community College , Shiprock Campus: The Variety, Affordability, and Availability of Healthful Foods at Convenience Stores and Trading Posts on the Navajo Reservation

A basic assumption of health education programs is that foods being promoted will be available. On the Navajo reservation the nearest source for groceries may be a trading post or convenience store. With a partnership between the University of New Mexico and Diné College, staff and students developed and administered a food inventory at rural trading posts and convenience stores across three states. The research ultimately indicated that there is a limited number of healthful foods available and that store owners would make more available if there was a demand. (Funded 1998 through 2001)

Diné Community College, Shiprock Campus
P.O. Box 580
Shiprock, New Mexico 87420
Phone: 505-368-3500
Website: www.shiprock.ncc.cc.nm.us

Principal Investigator: Mark Bauer, Ph.D.
Contributors: Shirley L. Pareo-Tubbeh, MS, Marvin Shorty, Emmanuel-Agbolooso, Ph.D.
2000 Report

Fort Belknap College: Federal Food Programs, Traditional Foods and the Gros Ventre and Assiniboine Nations of the Fort Belknap Indian Reservation

Working jointly with faculty, students and tribal elders, this project both documented and demonstrated the preparation of traditional foods and described the history and impact of federal food programs on the traditional diets of the Gros Ventre and Assiniboine peoples. (Funded 1998)

Fort Belknap College
P.O. Box 159
Harlem, Montana 59526
Phone: 406-353-2607
Website: www.fortbelknap.cc.mt.us

Principal Investigator: Rachel Grant
Contributors: Misty Arcand, Caroline Plumage, Max G. White Jr.
2000 Report

Little Priest Tribal College: The Impact of Food Assistance Programs on American Indian Reservations

The Winnebago community has participated in several Indian Health Services studies concerning diabetes and obesity. These studies documented the severe health problems of the Winnebago people but seldom suggested solutions. This project looked at two possible causes and solutions through a twofold process: the standardizing of reservation commodity nutrition values and the changing of commodity food preparation habits of women participating in both the WIC and Headstart programs. (Funded 1999)

Little Priest Tribal College
P.O. Box 270
Winnebago, Nebraska 68071
Phone: 402-878-2380
Website: www.lptc.bia.edu

Principal Investigator: Leòna Zastrow
Contributors: Sharon Frenchman and Michelle Smith
2000 Report

Oglala Lakota College: Assessment of Food Concerns, Nutrition Knowledge and Food Security of Oglala Lakota College Students on the Pine Ridge Reservation

This study adapted a survey developed by the South Dakota State University Department of Nutrition and Food Science to assess food concerns, nutrition knowledge and food insecurity on the Pine Ridge Reservation. Researchers compared their results to survey data and food insecurity on the Pine Ridge Reservation. The results allowed nutrition, health and agriculture personnel to better design and target nutrition education programs on the Pine Ridge Reservation. (Funded 1998)

Oglala Lakota College
Agriculture & Natural Resource Department
P.O. Box 490
Kyle, South Dakota 57552
Phone: 605-455-2321
Website: www.olc.edu

Principal Investigator: Leslie Rae Henry
Contributors: Rhonda Bear-Little Boy and Brian Dodge
2000 Report

Si Tanka Community College/ Huron University: A Dietary History and Behavior Study on the Cheyenne River Reservation

The Cheyenne River Community College collaborated with the Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe and Indian Health Services to determine prevailing attitudes towards household nutritional choices, knowledge of diabetes and its prevention, and motivations for dietary change among the Cheyenne River Sioux. The authors conclude that nutrition and weight control programs that address these reported barriers and provide incentives for increased participation are needed. (Funded 1998)

Si Tanka Community College/Huron University
P.O. Box 220
Eagle Butte, South Dakota 57625
Phone: 605-964-8011
Website: www.sitanka.edu

Principal Investigator: John Phillips
Contributor: John Finn
2000 Report