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Congressional Research Service Reports
The Congressional Research Service is the public policy research arm of the United States Congress and solely serves Congress as a source of nonpartisan, objective analysis and research on all legislative issues. Through the Congress, the National Agricultural Law Center is periodically receiving CRS reports related to agriculture and food issues. New and updated reports will be posted here as they are obtained.
Recently, the CRS reports were updated and reorganized, with efficient research and easier topic identification as main goals. The reports were reclassified from the previous categories into new topics that more closely match and identify the subject of the report. Further division by multiple sub-topics in many of the categories will help specifically pinpoint topics relevant to individual areas of interest. However, it is important to note that many of the reports may fall into more than one category. For example, a report titled "Federal Food Assistance in Disasters" may have elements relevant to both the disaster assistance category and the food security and aid category. In those cases, the report was put into the category that seemed the most relevant to the overall subject of the paper. While every effort was made to ensure consistency, a careful researcher should exercise discretion and define the scope of research accordingly.
Note: Many of the CRS reports are updated regularly. If you have subjects or reports of particular interest, it is recommended that you check the entries periodically for updated versions.
Subject Index
Animal Agriculture
Aquaculture
Bankruptcy
Biotechnology
Budget and Appropriations
Commodities
Disaster Impact and Assistance
Energy
Environmental Issues
Economy
Estate Planning and Taxation
Farm Bills
Farm Labor
Farm Policy and Legislative Analysis
Farm Commodity Programs
Federal Loan Programs
Finance and Credit
Food Safety
Food Security/Aid
International Agriculture
Public Lands
Rural Development
Security and Defense
Sustainable and Organic Farming
Trade Regulation and Antitrust
Transportation
Animal Agriculture
General Issues
Animal Agriculture: Selected Issues for Congress (RS22526, Becker)
Livestock Feed Costs: Concerns and Options (RS22908, Becker)
Health Issues
Animal Drug User Fee Programs (Lister)
Avian Influenza in Poultry and Wild Birds (Monke & Corn)
Avian Influenza: Multiple Strains Cause Different Effects Worldwide (Monke)
BSE, or "Mad Cow Disease" in North America: A Chronology of Selected Events
(Becker)
BSE, or "Mad Cow Disease": Current and Proposed Safeguards (Becker & Lister)
Foot and Mouth Disease: A Threat to U.S. Agriculture (Segarra & Rawson)
Funding Plant & Animal Health Emergencies: Transfers from the CCC (Monke)
Private Testing of Mad Cow Disease: Legal Issues (Vina)
Recent Honey Bee Colony Declines (Johnson)
Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies, Including "Mad Cow Disease": Public Health
& Scientific Issues (Lister & Becker)
Virus-Serum-Toxin Act: A Brief History and Analysis (Monke)
Treatment
Animal Welfare Act: Background and Selected Legislation (Becker)
Federal Animal Protection Statutes: Brief Summaries (Cohen)
Humane Treatment of Farm Animals: Overview and Issues (Becker)
Horse Slaughter Prevention Bills and Issues (Becker)
Identification
Animal Identification and Meat Traceability (Becker)
Animal Identification: Overview and Issues (Becker)
Byproducts
Animal Rendering: Economics and Policy (Becker)
Aquaculture
Fishery, Aquaculture, and Marine Mammal Legislation in the 109th Congress (Buck)
Fishery, Aquaculture, and Marine Mammal Legislation in the 110th Congress (Buck)
Open Ocean Aquaculture (Borgatti & Buck)
Bankruptcy
Ch. 12 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code: Reorganization of a Family Farmer or Fisherman (Jeweler)
Biotechnology
Agricultural Biotechnology: Background and Recent Issues (Becker & Cowan)
Biosafety Protocol for Genetically Modified Organisms: An Overview (Segarra & Fletcher)
Biotechnology in Animal Agriculture: Status and Current Issues (Cowan & Becker)
Genetically Engineered Fish and Seafood (Bortatti & Buck)
Labeling of Genetically Modified Foods (Vogt)
StarLink Corn Controversy: Background (Segarra & Rawson)
Budget and Appropriations
Agriculture and FY2006 Budget Reconciliation (Chite)
Agriculture and Related Agencies: FY2008 Appropriations Monke)
Agriculture and Related Agencies: FY2007 Appropriations (Monke)
Agriculture and Related Agencies: FY2006 Appropriations (Monke)
Appropriations for FY2005: USDA and Related Agencies (Chite)
Assistance After Hurricanes and Other Disasters: FY2004-05 Supplemental Appropriations
(Bea & Chite)
Emergency Funding for Ag: A Brief History of Supplemental Appropriations FY1989-2005 (Chite)
Environmental Protection Agency: Highlights of the President's FY2007 Request (Bearden & Esworthy)
Federal Research and Development Funding: FY2007 (Davey, et al.)
Federal Research and Development Funding: FY2006 (Davey)
Federal R&D Funding Under a Continuing Resolution (Davey, et al.)
FY2006
Budget Request for the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) (Monke)
FY2007 Budget Request for the U.S. Department of Agriculture (Monke)
FY2008 Budget Request for the USDA (Monke)
FY2009 Budget Request for the USDA (Monke)
Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies: FY2008 Appropriations (Vincent, et al.)
Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies: FY2006 Appropriations (Vincent)
Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies: FY2007 Appropriations (Vincent & Boren)
Commodities
Crops
Asian Soybean Rust: Background and Issues (Schnepf)
Background on Sugar Policy Issues (Jurenas) -- NEW
FDA Regulation of Tobacco Products: A Policy and Legal Analysis (Redhead & Burrows)
Hemp As an Agricultural Commodity (Rawson)
Specialty Crop Issues in the 109th Congress (Rawson)
Tobacco: Selected Legal Issues (Burrows)
U.S. Tobacco Production, Consumption and Export Trends (Womach)
Marketing
Farm Product 'Check-off' Programs: A Constitutional Analysis (Vina)
Farmers' Markets: The USDA Role (Becker)
Federal Farm Promotion ("Check-Off") Programs (Becker)
High Agricultural Commodity Prices: What Are the Issues (Schnepf)
Livestock Marketing and Competition Issues (Becker)
Seafood Marketing: Combating Fraud and Deception (Buck)
Trading
CFTC Reauthorization in the 109th Congress (Jickling)
Proposed Transaction Fee on Futures Contracts (Jickling)
Disaster Impact and Assistance
Agricultural Disaster Assistance (Chite)
Commercial Fishery Disaster Assistance (Upton)
Federal Disaster Recovery Programs: Brief Summaries (Jordan)
Federal Food Assistance in Disasters: Hurricanes Katrina and Rita (Richardson)
Hurricanes Katrina and Rita: Fishing and Aquaculture Industries -- Damage and Recovery (Buck)
Hurricanes Katrina and Rita and the Coastal Louisiana Ecosystem Restoration (Zinn)
International Crises and Disasters: U.S. Humanitarian Assistance, Budget Trends, and
Issues for Congress (Margesson)
Midwest Floods of 2008: Potential Impact on Agriculture (Schnepf)
Pandemic and All-Hazards Preparedness Act: Provisions and Changes to Preexisting Law
(Lister & Gottron)
Ports in Louisiana: New Orleans, South Louisiana, and Baton Rouge (Cieslak)
U.S. Agriculture After Hurricanes Katrina and Rita: Status and Issues (Schnepf & Chite)
Energy
Generally
Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007: A Summary of Major Provisions (Sissine)
Energy Tax Policy: History and Current Issues (Lazzari)
Energy Use in Agriculture: Background and Issues (Schnepf)
Renewable Energy
Agriculture-Based Renewable Energy Production (Schnepf)
Biofuels Incentives: A Summary of Federal Programs (Yacobucci)
Biofuels Provisions in H.R. 3221 and H.R. 6: A Side-by-Side Comparison (Yacobucci)
Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Legislation in the 109th Congress (Sissine)
Ethanol and Biofuels: Agriculture, Infrastructure, and Market Constraints Related to
Expanded Production (Yacobucci & Schnepf)
Ethanol and Other Biofuels: Potential for U.S.-Brazil Energy Cooperation (Seelke & Yacobucci)
European Union Biofuels Policy and Agriculture: An Overview (Schnepf)
Fuel Ethanol: Background and Public Policy Issues
Renewable Energy Policy: Tax Credit, Budget and Regulatory Issues (Sissine)
Selected Issues Related to an Expansion of the Renewable Fuel Standard
(Yacobucci & Schnepf)
Waiver Authority Under the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) (Yacobucci)
Environmental Issues
Generally
Environmental Laws: Summaries of Statutes Administered by the Environmental Protection Agency
(Fletcher)
National Environmental Policy Act: Streamlining NEPA (Luther)
Natural Resources Policy: Management, Institutions and Issues (Vincent & Carter)
Natural Resources: Selected Issues for the 109th Congress (Carter & Vincent)
Overview of National Environmental Policy Act Requirements (Alexander)
Animal Agriculture
Air Quality Issues and Animal Agriculture: A Primer (Copeland)
Air Quality Issues and Animal Agriculture: EPA's Air Compliance Agreement (Copeland)
Animal Waste and Hazardous Substances: Current Laws and Legislative Issues (Copeland)
Animal Waste and Water Quality: EPA Regulation of CAFOs (Copeland)
Animal Waste and Water Quality: EPA's Response to the Waterkeeper Alliance (Copeland)
Climate Change
Agriculture and Forestry Provisions in Climate Change Legislation (S. 3036) (Johnson)
Carbon Capture and Sequestration (CCS) (Folger)
Carbon Cycle: Implications for Climate Change and Congress (Folger)
Climate Change: Role of the U.S. Agriculture Sector (Johnson)
Climate Change: Federal Laws and Policies Related to Greenhouse Gas Reductions (Yacobucci & Parker)
Climate Change: The Kyoto Protocol and International Actions (Fletcher & Parker)
Climate Change Legislation in the 110th Congress (Ramseur & Yacobucci)
Greenhouse Gas Reduction: Cap-and-Trade Bills in the 110th Congress (Parker & Yacobucci)
Measuring and Monitoring Carbon in the Agricultural and Forestry Sectors (Gorte & Johnson)
Conservation
2008 Farm Bill: Analysis of Tax-Related Conservation Reserve Program Proposals (Pettit)
Agricultural Conservation Programs: A Scorecard (Zinn & Cowan)
Conservation Provisions of the 2008 Farm Bill (Cowan & Johnson)
Conservation Reserve Program: Legal Analysis of Proposed Legislation to Change the Structure
and Taxation of Benefits Received (Pettit)
Conservation Reserve Program: Status and Current Issues (Cowan)
Conservation Reserve Program Payments: Self-Employment Income, Rental Income,
or Something Else? (Pettit)
Conservation Security Program in the 2002 Farm Bill (Johnson)
Conservation Security Program: Implementation & Current Issues (Cowan)
Debt-for-Nature Initiatives and the Tropical Forest Conservation Act (Sheikh)
Environmental Quality Incentives Program: Status and Issues (Canada & Zinn)
Farm Protection Program: Status and Current Issues (Johnson)
Land and Water Conservation Fund: Current Status and Issues (Zinn)
Land Conversion in the Northern Plains (Stubbs)
Land & Water Conservation Fund: Overview, Funding History, Current Issues (Vincent)
Mandatory Funding for Agriculture Conservation Programs (Zinn)
Pacific Salmon and Steelhead Trout: Managing Under the Endangered Species Act (Buck)
Reauthorization of the Endangered Species Act: A Comparison of Pending Bills and a Proposed
Amendment with Current Law (Sheikh et al.)
Resource Conservation Title of the 2002 Farm Bill: Comparison of New Law with Bills and
Prior Laws (Zinn)
Soil and Water Conservation: An Overview (Zinn)
South Florida Ecosystem Retoration and the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan
(Sheikh & Carter)
Technical Assistance for Agriculture Conservation (Stubbs)
Wetlands: An Overview of Issues (Zinn & Copeland)
Wilderness Laws: Permitted and Prohibited Uses (Gorte)
Air
Air Quality: EPA's 2006 Changes to the Particulate Matter (PM) Standard (McCarthy)
Clean Air Act Issues in the 109th Congress (McCarthy)
Clean Air Act Issues in the 110th Congress: Implementation and Oversight (McCarthy)
Methyl Bromide and Stratospheric Ozone Depletion (Morrissey)
Particulate Matter: Implementation of the 1997 National Ambient Air Quality Standards (Esworthy)
Water
Army Corps of Engineers Water Resources Activities: Authorization and Appropriations
(Carter & Hughes)
CALFED Bay-Delta Program: Overview of Institutional and Water Use Issues (Sheikh & Cody)
Clean Water Act: A Summary of the Law (Copeland)
Coastal Louisiana Ecosystem Restoration: Recommended Corps Plan (Zinn)
Coastal Louisiana: Attempting to Restore an Ecosystem (Zinn)
Issues in Klamath River Dam Relicensing (Lane)
Klamath River Basin Issues and Activities: An Overview (Powers et al.)
Title XVI Water Reuse Program: Implementation and Legislative Issues (Cody & Carter)
Water Infrastructure Projects Designated in EPA Appropriations: Trends and Policy Implications
(Copeland)
Water Quality Issues in the 110th Congress: Oversight and Implementation (Copeland)
Water Resources Development Act: Corps of Engineers Authorization Issues (Carter, et al.)
Water Resource Issues in the 109th Congress (Cody & Hughes)
Western Water Resource Issues (Cody & Sheikh)
Wetlands Coverage of the Clean Water Act Is Revisited by the Supreme Court: Rapanos v.
United States (Meltz & Copeland)
Pesticides
Pesticide Law: A Summary of the Statutes (Schierow)
Pesticide Registration and Tolerance Fees: An Overview (Esworthy)
Pesticide Use and Water Quality: Are the Laws Complementary or in Conflict? (Copeland)
Wildlife
Endangered Species Act: A Primer (Baldwin, et al.)
Endangered Species Act and "Sound Science" (Buck & Corn)
Endangered Species Act in the 109th Congress: Conflicting Values and Difficult Choices (Buck & Corn)
Endangered Species Act in the 110th Congress: Conflicting Calues and Difficult Choices (Buck, et al.)
Global Climate Change and Wildlife (Scheikh, et al.)
Invasive Non-Native Species: Background and Issues for Congress (Corn, et al.)
Multinational Species Conservation Fund (Sheikh & Corn)
Pacific Salmon and Steelhead Trout: Managing Under the Endangered Species Act (Buck)
Reauthorization of the Endangered Species Act: A Comparison of Pending Bills and a
Proposed Amendment with Current Law (Sheikh et al.)
Wilderness: Overview and Statistics (Gorte)
Wildlife Habitat Incentives Program: Status and Current Issues (Stubbs & Zinn)
Other Issues
Civil Works Program of the Army Corps of Engineers: A Primer (Carter & Cody)
Drought in the United States: Causes and Issues for Congress (Folger, et al.)
Managing Regional Growth: Is There a Role for Congress? (Zinn)
Marine Protected Areas: An Overview (Zinn & Buck)
Precision Ag and Site-Specific Management: Current Status and Emerging Policy Issues (Cowan)
Precision Agriculture: a Primer (Cowan)
Survey of Recent State Policies to Manage Growth and Protect Open Space (Zinn)
Economy
U.S. Farm Economy (Schnepf)
Estate Planning and Taxation
Asset Distribution of Taxable Estates: An Analysis (Maguire)
Calculating Estate Tax Liability: 2001-2011 and Beyond
Capital Gains Taxes: An Overview (Gravelle)
Economic Issues Surrounding the Estate and Gift Tax: A Brief Summary (Gravelle)
Estate Taxes and Family Businesses: Economic Issues (Gravelle & Maguire)
Estate and Gift Taxes: Economic Issues (Gravelle & Maguire)
Farm Bills
2002 Farm Bill: Comparison of Commodity Support Provisions with the House and Senate Proposals
(Womach)
2002 Farm Bill: Overview and Status (Womach)
2002 Farm Law at a Glance (Becker)
2008 Farm Bill: Major Provisions and Legislative Actions (Johnson, et al.)
2008 Farm Bill: Analysis of Tax-Related Conservation Reserve Program Proposals (Pettit) -- NEW
Agricultural Exports and the 2007 Farm Bill (Hanrahan)
Agricultural Export Provisions of the 2008 Farm Bill (Hanrahan)
Agricultural Research, Extension, and Education: Farm Bill Issues (Rawson)
Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension in the 2007 Farm Bill (Rawson)
Animal Agriculture: 2007 Farm Bill Issues
Biofuels in the 2007 Energy and Farm Bills: A Side-by-Side Comparison
(Yacobucci & Schnepf)
Comparison of the House and Senate 2007 Farm Bills (Johnson, et al.)
Conservation and the 2007 Farm Bill (Zinn)
Crop Insurance and Disaster Assistance in the 2008 Farm Bill -- NEW (Chite)
Dairy Policy and the 2008 Farm Bill (Chite) -- Updated
Domestic Food Assistance: The Farm Bill and Other Legislation in the 110th Congress (Richardson) -- NEW
Energy Provisions of the Farm Bill: Comparison of the New Law with Previous Law
and House and Senate Bills (Yacobucci)
Environmental Services Markets: Farm Bill Proposals (Johnson)
Exposure of U.S. Farm Policy to Challenge Under WTO Rules: A Powerpoint Summary
(Schnepf & Womach)
Farm Bill Budget and Costs: 2002 vs. 2007 (Chite)
Farm Bill Proposals and Legislative Action in the 110th Congress (Johnson)
Farm Bill Trade and Food Aid Provisions (Becker)
Farm Commodity Programs in the 2008 Farm Bill (Monke)
Farm Legislation and Taxes in the 110th Congress (Brumbaugh)
Forestry in the 2007 Farm Bill (Gorte)
Food Stamps and Nutrition Programs in the 2002 Farm Bill (Richardson)
Funding Levels for Conservation Programs in the 2007 Farm Bill (Zinn)
The House-Passed 2007 Farm Bill (H.R. 2419) at a Glance (Johnson, et al.)
International Food Aid and the 2007 Farm Bill (Hanrahan)
Legal Analysis of the Conservation Easement Tax Credit in the Senate Version of H.R. 2419
(Alexander & Lundser)
A New Farm Bill: Comparing the 2002 Law with Previous Law and House and Senate Bills (Jones)
Possible Expiration (or Extension)of the 2002 Farm Bill (Monke, et al.) -- NEW
Previewing a 2007 Farm Bill (Womach)
Renewable Energy Policy in the 2008 Farm Bill (Schnepf) -- NEW
Rural Development and the 2007 Farm Bill (Cowan)
Specialty Crops: 2007 Farm Bill Issues (Rawson)
Specialty Crops: 2008 Farm Bill Issues (Rawson)
Sugar Policy and the 2007 Farm Bill (Jurenas)
What Is the "Farm Bill"? (Johnson)
What Is a Farm Bill? (Jones)
Farm Labor
Aliens
Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act of 2006: Potential Labor Market Effects of the Guest
Worker Program (Mayer)
The Effects of U.S. Farm Workers on an Agricultural Guest Worker Program (Levine)
Farm Labor Shortages and Immigration Policy (Levine)
Immigration of Foreign Workers: Labor Market Tests and Protections (Wasem)
Immigration: Policy Considerations Related to Guest Worker Programs (Bruno)
Immigration Legislation and Issues in the 109th Congress (Bruno, et al.)
Immigration Legislation and Issues in the 110th Congress (Bruno, et al.)
Unauthorized Employment in the United States: Issues and Options (Bruno)
U.S. Immigration Policy on Temporary Admissions (Wasem & Haddal)
General & Social Welfare
Farm Labor: The Adverse Effect Wage Rate (Whittaker)
Labor Practices in the Meat Packing and Poultry Processing Industry: An Overview (Whittaker)
Migrant and Seasonal Agricultural Workers: Protective Statutes (Whittaker)
Trade Promotion Authority Renewal: Core Labor Standards Issues: A Brief Overview (Bolle)
Trade Promotion Authority (TPA)/Fast-Track Renewal: Labor Issues (Bolle)
Farm Policy and Legislative Analysis
109th Congress
Agricultural Issues in the 109th Congress (Chite)
Latin America and the Caribbean: Issues for the 109th Congress (Sullivan et al.)
110th Congress
Agricultural Issues in the 110th Congress (Chite)
Latin America and the Caribbean: Issues for the 110th Congress (Sullivan, et al.)
Farm Commodity Programs
Average Farm Subsidy Payments by State, 2002 (Womach)
Comparing Quota Buyout Payments for Peanuts and Tobacco (Womach)
Cotton Production and Support in the U.S. (Womach)
Dairy Policy Issues (Chite)
Eliminating the Planting Restrictions on Fruits and Vegetables in the Farm Commodity Programs
(Johnson & Monke)
Farm Commodity Legislation: Chronology 1933-2002 (Becker)
Farm Commodity Policy: Programs and Issues for Congress (Monke)
Farm "Counter-Cyclical Assistance" (Becker & Womach)
Farm and Food Support Under USDA's Section 32 Program (Becker)
Farm Commodity Policy: Base Acreage and Planting Flexibility (Monke)
Farm Commodity Programs: A Short Primer (Becker)
Farm Commodity Programs: Direct Payments, Counter-Cyclical Payments, and Marketing Loans
(Monke)
Farm Commodity Programs: Honey (Canada)
Farm Commodity Programs: Wool and Mohair (Canada)
Fruits, Vegetables, and Other Specialty Crops: A Primer on Government Programs (Rawson)
High Agricultural Commodity Prices: What Are the Issues (Schnepf)
Livestock Price Reporting: Background (Becker)
Marketing Loans, Loan Deficiency Payments and Commodity Certificates (Monke)
Measuring Equity in Farm Support Levels (Womach & Schnepf)
Payment Limits for Farm Commodity Programs: Issues and Proposals (Monke)
Peanut Program: Evolution from Supply Management to Market Orientation (Jurenas)
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