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Checkoff Programs
Overview
Checkoff programs, also referred to as research and promotion programs, promote and provide research and information for a particular agricultural commodity without reference to specific producers or brands. The term "checkoff" is derived from programs that were not mandatory; producers marked a checkoff box if they wished to contribute to the program. Mandatory programs do not have such forms, but the name has remained. Producers and handlers usually finance these programs from assessments charged on a per unit basis of the marketed commodity. Checkoff programs attempt to improve the market position of the covered commodity by expanding markets, increasing demand, and developing new uses and markets.
Read the full overview
Note: Recently added resources are posted at the top of the applicable sections.
Major Statutes
Commodity Promotion, Research, and Information Act, 7 U.S.C. §§ 7401; 7411-7425
Cotton Research and Promotion Act, 7 U.S.C. §§ 2102-2118
Potato Research and Consumer Information Act, 7 U.S.C. §§ 2611-2627
Egg Research and Consumer Information Act, 7 U.S.C. §§ 2701-2718
Beef Research and Information Act, 7 U.S.C. §§ 2901-2911
Wheat and Wheat Foods Research and Nutrition Education Act, 7 U.S.C. §§ 3401-3417
Floral Research and Consumer Information Act, 7 U.S.C. §§ 4301-4319
Dairy Production Stabilization Act, 7 U.S.C. §§ 4501-4538
Honey Research, Promotion, and Consumer Information Act, 7 U.S.C. §§ 4601-4613
Pork Promotion, Research, and Consumer Information Act, 7 U.S.C. §§ 4801-4819
Watermelon Research and Promotion Act, 7 U.S.C. §§ 4901-4916
Pecan Promotion and Research Act, 7 U.S.C. §§ 6001-6013
Mushroom Promotion, Research, and Consumer Information Act, 7 U.S.C. §§ 6101-6112
Lime Research, Promotion, and Consumer Information Act, 7 U.S.C. §§ 6201-6212
Soybean Promotion, Research, and Consumer Information Act, 7 U.S.C. §§ 6301-6311
Fluid Milk Promotion Act, 7 U.S.C. §§ 6401-6417
Fresh Cut Flowers and Fresh Cut Greens Promotion and Information Act, 7 U.S.C. §§ 6801-6814
Sheep Promotion, Research, and Information Act, 7 U.S.C. §§ 7101-7111
Canola and Rapeseed Research, Promotion, and Consumer Information Act, 7 U.S.C. §§ 7441-7452
National Kiwifruit Research, Promotion, and Consumer Information Act, 7 U.S.C. §§ 7461-7473
Popcorn Promotion, Research, and Consumer Information Act, 7 U.S.C. §§ 7481-7491
Hass Avocado Promotion,Research, and Information Act, 7 U.S.C. §§ 7801-7813
Regulations
Agricultural Marketing Service Marketing Orders and Agreements:
Fruits Vegetables Nuts, 7 C.F.R. §§ 900-999
Milk, 7 C.F.R. §§ 1000-1160
Miscellaneous Commodities, 7 C.F.R. §§ 1200-1280
Federal Register Rules Open for Comment
Center published Federal Register Digest
Case Law
Note: Recently summarized cases are listed and linked in Recent Postings.
Case Law Index for Checkoff Programs
Administrative Law Decisions
Office of the Administrative Law Judges
USDA National Appeals Division
Center published USDA Judicial Officer's Decisions
Congressional Research Service Reports
CRS Subject(s):
Commodities
Reference Resources
USDA
Agricultural Marketing Service Research and Promotion Program
Cotton Program
Dairy Programs
Livestock and Seed Programs
Poultry Programs
Fruit, Vegetable, and Specialty Crop Programs
Federal Marketing Orders and Federal Research and Promotion Programs: Background for 1995
Farm Legislation (Neff & Plato, ERS, 1995)
Provisions of the FAIR Act of 1996: Title V Promotion (Wright, ERS)
Other Congressional Resources
Government Accountability Office Reports
Publications
Update of Checkoff Litigation (FLAG, 2004)
Supreme Court Rules That Beef Check-Off Is Government Speech; But Check-Off Litigation
May Not Be Over (McEowen, 2005)
Message Under Revision: USDA Speaks About Beef, Pork, Cheese, and Obesity (Wilde, 2004)
State-Grown Promotion Programs: Fresher, Better? (Patterson, 2006)
Additional Resources
American Egg Board
American Lamb Board
Cattlemen's Beef Promotion and Research Board
Cotton Board
Dairy Checkoff Works!
Haas Avocado Board
Mohair Council of America
Mushroom Council
National Honey Board
National Watermelon Promotion Board
National Peanut Board
National Pork Board
Popcorn Board
U.S. Highbush Blueberry Council
United Soybean Board
United States Potato Board
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