| Demographic Group: | All female residents. |
| Numerator: | Incident cases of cancer with an International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-O-2 or ICD-O-3 (for cases diagnosed after January 1, 2001) code C53 and behavior >= 3 (malignant, primary site, excluding histologic types M9590–M9989) among female residents during a calendar year. |
| Denominator: | Midyear resident female population for the same calendar year. |
| Measures of Frequency: | Annual number of incident cases. Annual incidence — crude and age-adjusted (standardized by the direct method to the year 2000 standard U.S. population based on single years of age from the Census P25-1130 series estimates*) — with 95% confidence interval. |
| Time Period of Case Definition: | Calendar year. |
| Background: | During 2001, cancer of the cervix caused approximately 4,400 deaths, and 12,200 new cases are diagnosed annually. Cases detected at a premalignant stage (in situ) are more common, accounting for 55,000 new cases/year. Black women have higher rates of cervical cancer incidence than do white women. |
| Significance: | The dramatic decrease in cervical cancer incidence and mortality during the past 40 years is mainly the result of the widespread use of the Papanicolaou test. Cigarette smoking; infection with the high-risk human papilloma virus; and certain sexual practices, including having multiple sex partners, early age at first intercourse, and history of a sexually transmitted disease, increase the risk for cervical cancer. |
| Limitations of Indicator: | Because cancer of the cervix has a long latency period, years might pass before changes in behavior or clinical practice patterns affect the incidence rate of cancer of the cervix. If certain interventions (e.g., screening) are effective and widespread, a transient increase in incidence among populations at high risk might be observed. |
| Data Resources: | Cancer incidence data from statewide central cancer registries (numerator) and population estimates from the U.S. Bureau of the Census or suitable alternative (denominator).
http://apps.nccd.cdc.gov/uscs/Table.aspx?Group=TableGeo&Year=2001&Display=n |
| Limitations of Data Resources: | Data from certain existing statewide central cancer registries do not yet meet standards for data completeness and quality. Certain newly established state registries have not yet begun to produce surveillance data. Therefore, nationwide estimates calculated from aggregated state data might not include data from each state. However, state registry data should accurately represent state cancer incidence in the majority of states, particularly where completeness and quality of registry data are high. |
| Healthy People 2010 Objectives: | No objective. |
