Also called: Also called: Learning differences, Learning disabilities
Learning disorders affect how a person understands, remembers and responds to new information. People with learning disorders may have problems
- Listening or paying attention
- Speaking
- Reading or writing
- Doing math
Although learning disorders occur in very young children, they are usually not recognized until the child reaches school age. About one-third of children who have learning disabilities also have ADHD, which makes it hard to focus.
Evaluation and testing by a trained professional can help identify a learning disorder. The next step is special education, which involves helping your child in the areas where he or she needs the most help. Sometimes tutors or speech or language therapists also work with the children. Learning disorders do not go away, but strategies to work around them can make them less of a problem.
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
- Learning Disabilities(Nemours Foundation) - http://kidshealth.org/teen/diseases_conditions/learning/learning_disabilities.html
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Learning Disabilities
(National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke) - Short Summary - http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/learningdisabilities/learningdisabilities.htm
- LD (Learning Disabilities) at a Glance(National Center for Learning Disabilities) - http://www.ncld.org/index.php?option=content&task=view&id=448
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Learning Disabilities(National Dissemination Center for Children with Disabilities) - http://www.nichcy.org/pubs/factshe/fs7txt.htm
Also available in Spanish http://www.nichcy.org/pubs/spanish/fs7stxt.htm
- What You Should Know about Learning Disabilities (LD)(National Center for Learning Disabilities) - http://www.ncld.org/index.php?option=content&task=view&id=452
- Genetic Change May Explain Reading Difficulty(10/01/2008, Reuters Health) - http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/news/fullstory_69907.html
- Mental Processing Slightly Reduced in Diabetic Kids(09/18/2008, Reuters Health) - http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/news/fullstory_69431.html
- Statins Show Little Benefit for Kids with Learning Disorder(07/15/2008, HealthDay) - http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/news/fullstory_66982.html
- Diagnosing and Treating Learning Disabilities(American Academy of Pediatrics) - http://www.medem.com/medlb/article_detaillb.cfm?article_ID=ZZZFP21YQ7C&sub_cat=547
- Do I Have LD (Learning Disabilities)?(National Center for Learning Disabilities) - http://www.ncld.org/content/view/360/342/
- Evaluation: What Does It Mean for Your Child?(Learning Disabilities Association of America) - http://www.ldaamerica.us/aboutld/parents/assessment/evaluation.asp
- What Are the Signs of Dyslexia?(International Dyslexia Association) - http://www.interdys.org/SignsofDyslexiaCombined.htm
- Vision Therapies for Learning Disabilities(Foundation of the American Academy of Ophthalmology) - http://www.eyecareamerica.org/eyecare/treatment/alternative-therapies/vision-therapies-learning-disabilities.cfm
- Dyscalculia: Learning Disabilities in Mathematics(National Center for Learning Disabilities) - http://www.ncld.org/index.php?option=content&task=view&id=463
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Dysgraphia(National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke) - Short Summary - http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/dysgraphia/dysgraphia.htm
- Dysgraphia: Learning Disabilities in Writing(National Center for Learning Disabilities) - http://www.ncld.org/index.php?option=content&task=view&id=468
- Dyslexia(Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research) - http://www.mayoclinic.com/print/dyslexia/DS00224/DSECTION=all&METHOD=print
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Dyslexia(National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke) - Short Summary - http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/dyslexia/dyslexia.htm
- Dyspraxia: Learning Disabilities and Motor Skills(National Center for Learning Disabilities) - http://www.ncld.org/index.php?option=content&task=view&id=466
- Executive Function(National Center for Learning Disabilities) - http://www.ncld.org/content/view/865/391/
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Gerstmann's Syndrome(National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke) - Short Summary - http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/gerstmanns/gerstmanns.htm
- Information Processing Disorders (Visual and Auditory Processing Disorders)(National Center for Learning Disabilities) - http://www.ncld.org/index.php?option=content&task=view&id=470
- Language-Based Learning Disabilities(American Speech-Language-Hearing Association) - http://www.asha.org/public/speech/disorders/LBLD.htm
- Reading and Learning Disabilities(National Dissemination Center for Children with Disabilities) - http://www.nichcy.org/pubs/factshe/fs17txt.htm
- Assistive Technology (AT) for Individuals with Learning Disabilities(Learning Disabilities Association of America) - Links to PDF - http://www.ldanatl.org/pdf/assistive_tech.pdf
- Individualized Education Plans (IEPs)(Nemours Foundation) - http://kidshealth.org/parent/growth/learning/iep.html
- LD (Learning Disabilities) and the Arts(National Center for Learning Disabilities) - http://www.ncld.org/index.php?option=content&task=view&id=482
- LD (Learning Disabilities) on the Job(National Center for Learning Disabilities) - http://www.ncld.org/content/view/353/411/
- Learning Disabilities (LD) and Self-Esteem(National Center for Learning Disabilities) - http://www.ncld.org/content/view/866/391/
- Multisensory Teaching(International Dyslexia Association) - Links to PDF - http://www.interdys.org/ewebeditpro5/upload/Multisensory_Teaching.pdf
- Social and Emotional Problems Related to Dyslexia(International Dyslexia Association) - Links to PDF - http://www.interdys.org/ewebeditpro5/upload/Social_and_Emotion_Problems_Related_to_Dyslexia.pdf
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ClinicalTrials.gov: Dyslexia(National Institutes of Health) - http://clinicaltrials.gov/search/open/condition=%22Dyslexia%22
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ClinicalTrials.gov: Learning Disorders(National Institutes of Health) - http://clinicaltrials.gov/search/open/condition=%22Learning+Disorders%22
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Genetics Home Reference: 47,XYY syndrome(National Library of Medicine) - http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition=47xyysyndrome
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Genetics Home Reference: Triple X syndrome(National Library of Medicine) - http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition=triplexsyndrome
References and abstracts from MEDLINE/PubMed (National Library of Medicine)
- Article: UK inquiry finds people with learning disability receive less effective... - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=18667473&tool=MedlinePlus
- Article: A randomized, controlled study of computer-based intervention in middle school... - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=18657684&tool=MedlinePlus
- Article: An end to indifference. - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=18616038&tool=MedlinePlus
- Learning Disorders -- see more articles - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=search&db=pubmed&term=learning+disorders[majr]+AND+english[la]+AND+humans[mh]+AND+(jsubsetk[text]+OR+review[pt]+OR+guideline[pt]+OR+clinical+trial[pt]+OR+patient+education+handout[pt]+OR+jsubsetaim[text]+OR+jsubsetn[text])+NOT+(letter[pt]+OR+editorial[pt]+OR+case+reports[pt])&doptcmdl=summary&cmd_current=Limits&pmfilter_EDatLimit=last+1+Year&tool=MedlinePlus
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Learning Disability Resources(National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke) - http://www.ninds.nih.gov/find_people/voluntary_orgs/vol_org_sub_LD.htm
- Resource Locator(National Center for Learning Disabilities) - http://www.ncld.org/component/option,com_locator/Itemid,390/
- Learning Disabilities Association of America - http://www.ldaamerica.us/
- National Center for Learning Disabilities - http://www.ncld.org/
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National Dissemination Center for Children with Disabilities - http://www.nichcy.org/
Also available in Spanish http://www.nichcy.org/spanish.htm
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National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke - http://www.ninds.nih.gov/
Also available in Spanish http://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/
- Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) 2004(National Center for Learning Disabilities) - http://www.ncld.org/index.php?option=content&task=view&id=274
- Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) Terms to Know(National Center for Learning Disabilities) - http://www.ncld.org/content/view/921/456099/
- Living with LD (Learning Disabilities): Legal Rights(National Center for Learning Disabilities) - http://www.ncld.org/content/view/349/436/
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Diagnosed Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Learning Disability: 2004-2006(National Center for Health Statistics) - Large PDF file - http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/series/sr_10/Sr10_237.pdf
- LD (Learning Disabilities) Fast Facts(National Center for Learning Disabilities) - http://www.ncld.org/index.php?option=content&task=view&id=483
- "Difficulty Learning New Things" Quest(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) - http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/kids/klalpage.htm
- Dyslexia(Nemours Foundation) - http://kidshealth.org/kid/health_problems/learning_problem/dyslexia.html
- Learning Problems(Nemours Foundation) - http://kidshealth.org/kid/health_problems/learning_problem/learning_disabilities.html
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Understanding Dyslexia(Nemours Foundation) - http://kidshealth.org/parent/medical/learning/dyslexia.html
Also available in Spanish http://kidshealth.org/parent/en_espanol/crecimiento/dyslexia_esp.html
- Learning Disabilities(Nemours Foundation) - http://kidshealth.org/teen/diseases_conditions/learning/learning_disabilities.html
- Study Skills(National Center for Learning Disabilities) - http://www.ncld.org/content/view/426/429/
- Understanding Dyslexia(Nemours Foundation) - http://kidshealth.org/teen/diseases_conditions/learning/dyslexia.html
- Understanding Strengths & Challenges(National Center for Learning Disabilities) - http://www.ncld.org/content/view/415/445/
- For Adults Living with LD (Learning Disabilities)(National Center for Learning Disabilities) - http://www.ncld.org/content/view/365/402/
- Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder - http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/attentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder.html
- Developmental Disabilities - http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/developmentaldisabilities.html
- Speech and Communication Disorders - http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/speechandcommunicationdisorders.html
- Children and Teenagers - http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/childrenandteenagers.html
- Mental Health and Behavior - http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/mentalhealthandbehavior.html
The primary NIH organization for research on Learning Disorders is the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke - http://www.ninds.nih.gov/