LICENSING
DIGITAL
INFORMATION
*** Developing Nations Initiatives 

In the year 2001, a number of organizations began to develop or to publicize programs designated to bring high quality, peer-reviewed sciences journals for free or very cheaply to developing nations.  This site begins to identify such programs and to provide links where readers may learn more about them.

Abdus Salam International Center for Theoretical Physics: http://www.ejds.org

The electronic Journals Delivery Service (eJDS) is a prototype programme geared to facilitate the access to current scientific literature free of cost in the fields of Physics and Mathematics. The goal is to distribute individual scientific articles via e-mail to scientists in institutions in Developing Countries who do not have access to sufficient bandwidth to download material from the Internet in a timely manner and/or cannot afford the connection. Providing scientists with current literature supports their ongoing research.

African Access Initiative (JSTOR):  http://www.jstor.org/page/info/participate/new/fees/africanAccess.jsp

JSTOR waives the standard participation fees (the Archive Capital Feel and the Annual Access Fee) for any not for profit institution in a country on the continent of Africa.
Access will be for the entire JSTOR archive, including all content added to the archive during the period of participation. Information about each collection may be found at Currently Available Collections and Journals.
Access also includes all collections developed by Aluka, an initiative uniting with JSTOR. Aluka developed collections will be available at www.aluka.org in the near term.
Access to JSTOR is provided via the Internet, using IP addresses that are authorized at the institution to have that access. An institution must have stable IP addresses in order to participate in this program.
All not-for-profit institutions interested in African Access Initiative participation are required to fill out the JSTOR Network Verification Form.

African Access Initiative (JSTOR):  http://www.jstor.org/page/info/participate/new/fees/africanAccess.jsp

JSTOR waives the standard participation fees (the Archive Capital Feel and the Annual Access Fee) for any not for profit institution in a country on the continent of Africa.
Access will be for the entire JSTOR archive, including all content added to the archive during the period of participation. Information about each collection may be found at Currently Available Collections and Journals.
Access also includes all collections developed by Aluka, an initiative uniting with JSTOR. Aluka developed collections will be available at www.aluka.org in the near term.
Access to JSTOR is provided via the Internet, using IP addresses that are authorized at the institution to have that access. An institution must have stable IP addresses in order to participate in this program.
All not-for-profit institutions interested in African Access Initiative participation are required to fill out the JSTOR Network Verification Form.

African Access Initiative (JSTOR):  http://www.jstor.org/page/info/participate/new/fees/africanAccess.jsp

JSTOR waives the standard participation fees (the Archive Capital Feel and the Annual Access Fee) for any not for profit institution in a country on the continent of Africa.
Access will be for the entire JSTOR archive, including all content added to the archive during the period of participation. Information about each collection may be found at Currently Available Collections and Journals.
Access also includes all collections developed by Aluka, an initiative uniting with JSTOR. Aluka developed collections will be available at www.aluka.org in the near term.
Access to JSTOR is provided via the Internet, using IP addresses that are authorized at the institution to have that access. An institution must have stable IP addresses in order to participate in this program.
All not-for-profit institutions interested in African Access Initiative participation are required to fill out the JSTOR Network Verification Form.

African Access Initiative Participation (JSTOR): http://www.jstor.org/page/info/participate/new/fees/africanAccess.jsp

JSTOR waives the standard participation fees (the Archive Capital Feel and the Annual Access Fee) for any not for profit institution in a country on the continent of Africa.
Access will be for the entire JSTOR archive, including all content added to the archive during the period of participation. Information about each collection may be found at Currently Available Collections and Journals.
Access also includes all collections developed by Aluka, an initiative uniting with JSTOR. Aluka developed collections will be available at www.aluka.org in the near term.
Access to JSTOR is provided via the Internet, using IP addresses that are authorized at the institution to have that access. An institution must have stable IP addresses in order to participate in this program.
All not-for-profit institutions interested in African Access Initiative participation are required to fill out the JSTOR Network Verification Form.
See also below: "Developing Nations Access Initiative"

African Virtual University: http://www.avu.org

The African Virtual University (AVU) is a "university without walls" that uses modern information and communication technologies to give the countries of sub-Saharan Africa direct access to some of the highest quality learning resources throughout the world. AVU is bridging the digital divide by training world-class business managers, engineers, technicians, scientists and other professionals who will promote economic and social development and help propel Africa into the knowledge age. Since the launch of its pilot phase in 1997, AVU has provided students and professional in 17 African countries over 3,000 hours of interactive instruction in English and French. More than 24,000 students have completed semester-long courses in technology, engineering, business and the sciences and over 3,500 professionals have attended executive and professional management seminars on topics such as strategy and innovation, entrepreneurship and e-commerce.

AVU provides students access to an on-line digital library with over 1,000 full text journals. Over 45,000 free AVU e-mail accounts have been created and the AVU website currently receives more than 1 million hits per month. In November 2001, Elsevier Science announced a broad initiative to provide journal access through AVU.

Moderator's Note: as of July 2007, neither Liblicense nor Elsevier can confirm that AVU is still providing this service and we have not been able to contact AVU directly. We would welcome accurate information on the state of affairs there.

African Journals Online (AJOL): http://www.ajol.info

Run by INASP (International Network for the Availability of Scientific Publications), this African journals online service - www.ajol.info - now includes some full text. The service hosts about 200 African-published journals, with the abstracts and tables of contents free to view, and document delivery available (free to researchers from LDCs). However a few journals are now considering moving online, and some are considering Open Access to promote their content more worldwide. The first journal available in full text on the service is SAHARA-J (a South African Medical journal), and others are working towards placing their full text on the service. Subject areas include:

AGORA: Access to Global Online Research in Agriculture: http://www.aginternetwork.org/en/

Students, researchers and academics in some of the world's poorest countries will gain free or low-cost access to a wealth of scientific literature under a new initiative announced by FAO and a range of public and private sector partners. Sponsored by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.

The AGORA (Access to Global Online Research in Agriculture) initiative will provide access to more than 400 key journals in food, nutrition, agriculture and related biological, environmental and social sciences. AGORA was launched on October 14, 2003.

American Mathematical Society: http://www.ams.org/bookstore/mathsciprice#NMRSP

In 1997, AMS began the National Math Reviews Subscription Program in order to provide access to Math Reviews (paper, cd-rom, online) to developing countries at extremely discounted prices. There are now 14 countries participating in the Program, but over 100 are eligible.

American Medical Association: http://www.amapubs.com

Dr. Norman Frankel of the American Medical Association notes (on 1/24/2002) that the ten scientific journals published by the AMA participate in a program to deliver their journals without charge to developing nations.

The ten journals include:

The Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA)
Archives of Dermatology
Archives of Facial Plastic Surgery
Archives of General Psychiatry
Archives of Internal Medicine
Archives of Neurology
Archives of Ophthalmology
Archives of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery
Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine
Archives of Surgery

Association for Information Systems
http://www.aisnet.org

At its December 2000 meeting, the Association for Information Systems (AIS) Executive Committee agreed that all university libraries in countries not listed in the World Bank's list of high income economies (see http://www.worldbank.org/data/databytopic/class.htm#High_income) should be granted free subscriptions to the Communications of AIS (http://cais.aisnet.org/) and the Journal of AIS (http://jais.aisnet.org/). These are quality electronic journals with articles by leading IS scholars.

Association of Commonwealth Universities: Protecting the African Library:
http://www.acu.ac.uk/lowcostjournals/

ACU's Low Cost Journals Scheme aims to:

The scheme started as a pilot in 2002 for a selection of ACU member universities in Sub-Saharan Africa and is currently expanding to other regions, as the need for international journals remains strong for libraries throughout the developing world.

Berkeley Electronic Press (bepress) http://www.bepress.com

According to Greg Tananbaum, Vice President, The Berkeley Electronic Press (bepress) makes its current slate of journals freely available to researchers in the developing world. Interested parties who lodge their requests on institutional letterhead are given unrestricted access to the full text of bepress's published articles. For a list of bepress journals, visit

Bepress aims through its organizational and technological innovations to improve scholarly communication; to enhance the interaction among authors, editors, and readers; and to enable editors to produce scholarly materials without assistance or delays.

Berkeley Electronic Press presents a dual-pronged approach to the problems scholars face in disseminating their work community-based solutions in the form of their own peer-reviewed journals, and university-based solutions in the form of bepress's technology licensing. Taken collectively, they present a broad suite of alternatives for an academic community besieged by the high cost and slow speed of scholarly communication.

Best of Science: http://bestofscience.free.fr/

"Best of Science" is a free-access scientific publication of preprints and peer-reviewed publications. Best of Science authors pay for the reviewing and publishing process. Fees are low and especially adapted to respond to the geographical origins of authors. Details not available at present (January 2002).

Bioline International: http://www.bioline.org.br/

Bioline International is managed by scientists and librarians. It is a collaborative initiative of the University of Toronto Libraries, Canada (management office), the Reference Center on Environmental Information, Brazil (host computer and software development) and Bioline/UK (liaison).

Bioline International is a not-for-profit electronic publishing service committed to providing access to quality research journals published in developing countries. BI's goal of educing the South to North knowledge gap is crucial to a global understanding of health (tropical medicine, infectious diseases, epidemiology, emerging new diseases), biodiversity, the environment, conservation and international development. With peer-reviewed journals from Brazil, Cuba, India, Indonesia, Kenya, South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe and more to come, BI provides a unique service by making bioscience information generated in these countries available to the international research community world-wide.

BioMed Central: http://www.biomedcentral.com

The full-text articles published in all BioMed Central primary journals are freely available to developing countries, without any exception (and to any developed countries, as well). Articles may be freely downloaded and stored or distributed further without prior permission for any non-commercial purpose, provided that the original author and publisher are acknowledged properly. Totally unfettered access is offered; not even registration is needed, although registration is appreciated.

The articles are obtained via www.biomedcentral.com In order to sustain this full open access, article processing charges ($500) are levied on the author('s institution) but a very generous waiver policy is applied to those who genuinely lack funds, e.g. authors from developing countries. Also, institutional memberships are available from January 2002, at highly preferential rates to institutions from developing countries, which, amomg other things, provide high visibility for the member institutions via the BioMed Central web site. Details to be found on www.biomedcentral.com.

Chicago Emerging Nations Initiative (CENI): http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/CENI

The Chicago Emerging Nations Initiative ensures that readers at higher education institutions in more than 110 low- and lower-middle-income nations receive access to vital journals content in a wide range of disciplines. Participation in CENI -- which provides both print subscriptions and electronic access -- will replace the University of Chicago Press' B rates, greatly expanding the number of journals available for free or little cost to institutions in low- and lower-middle-income nations. Individual scholars in emerging nations remain eligible for a discount to the individual subscription price. Organizations providing journal content published by the University of Chicago Press to eligible institutions in developing nations include Access to Global Online Research in Agriculture (AGORA), founded by the United Nation's Food and Agriculture Organization; the Association of Commonwealth Universities Low-Cost Journals Scheme; the Health InterNetwork Access to Research Initiative (HINARI), sponsored by the World Health Organization; JSTOR's Open Africa Initiative; and the New School for Social Research's Journals Donation Program.

Developing Nations Access Initiative (JSTOR): http://www.jstor.org/page/info/participate/new/fees/devNations.jsp

Developing Nations Access Initiative extends JSTOR efforts beyond Africa (See African Nations Access Initiative above). Under this initiative, not-for-profit institutions in 41 additional countries may gain access to the archive free of charge or at very low costs. This new initiative further complements JSTOR's Developing Nations Fee Model - in place since 2005 - and eliminates or further reduces fees for institutions in many nations. As a result, all of the collections in JSTOR and Aluka, an initiative uniting with JSTOR, are now free in 64 countries and available at low cost in 30 others.

E-BioSci: http://www.e-biosci.org/

E-BioSci is a service of EMBO, the European Molecular Biology Organization. It is a a European platform for access and retrieval of full text and factual information in the Life Sciences. It networks online journals and life science databases. A prototype is currently available.

eIFL (Electronic Information for Libraries): http://www.eifl.net

The EIFL (Electronic Information for Libraries) Project aims to facilitate affordable access to electronic scholarly journals databases for libraries and their users in countries in transition. The project started in October 1999 as a joint initiative of the Open Society Institute and EBSCO Publishing, providing country-wide access to thousands of titles in social sciences, humanities, business and management by libraries in nearly 40 countries of the Soros Foundations' network. Content offerings are currently being expanded into science, technology and medical journals. In order to ensure sustainability of the project, eIFL is also offering various other programs that support the building and enhancement of local library consortia in participating countries.

eJDS - eJournals Delivery Service: http://www.ejds.org

The electronic Journals Delivery Service (eJDS) of the Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) is a prototype programme geared to facilitate the access to current scientific literature via e-mail free of cost. The eJDS is made possible through agreements with several important scientific publishing companies and societies, who provide access to their eJournals for free in the fields of Physics and Mathematics. The goal is to distribute individual scientific articles via e-mail to scientists in institutions in Developing Countries who do not have access to sufficient bandwidth to download material from the internet and/or cannot afford the connection.

Electronic Publishing Trust for Development: http://www.epublishingtrust.org/

The Electronic Publishing Trust for Development (EPT) was established in 1996 to facilitate open access to the world's scholarly literature and to support the electronic publication of reviewed bioscience journals from countries experiencing difficulties with traditional publication.

The Trust is aware of the problems faced by scientists and publishers in many countries both in accessing the world's research information and in gaining high enough visibility for their publications and research output because of printing and distribution costs. This can result in an unwillingness by regional scientists to publish in journals that have poor circulation levels. The outcome is the loss of much important scientific information that either remains unavailable to the international scientific community or suffers long delays in publication.

The Trust is focusing on the biological sciences, which in the fields of medicine, biodiversity, microbiology, environmental, and agricultural sciences is of paramount global importance. Local scientific information is critical, particularly in the case of human, animal and plant disease surveillance and conservation.

The main activities of the EPT are to provide awareness of the benefits of electronic publishing; transfer e-publishing technology through training and other online resources; and provide management and distribution support.

ExtraMED Biomedical Periodicals Library: http://www.iwsp.org/extraMed.htm

From the ExtraMED web site: ExtraMED is the only large-scale effort to provide electronic versions of biomedical research information from the South to make its way to the North (reversing the usual process) as well as to the South. It represents an act of validation, and an assertion of information equity.

The ExtraMED database contains the full text, as page images, of over 300 Third World biomedical journals. Ten CD-ROM disks are issued each production year, and indexes cumulate. Over 20,000 articles had been included in ExtraMED by January 2000. Taking its name from the fact that it comprises journals that are ^Qextra^R to MEDLINE, ExtraMED focuses on journals that are largely excluded from the international indexes. The ExtraMED Consortium of Journals was originally selected through WHO^Rs various Index Medicus projects. It is thus by far the largest source of full text biomedical literature from developing countries.

The project was conceived as a way of helping Third World biomedical journals to 1) achieve visibility among the international biomedical literature (they are almost entirely excluded from the major indexes -- only some 3% of the journals in MEDLINE are from the South -- hence the name ExtraMED) and 2) earn some income (the journals do not pay anything to be included in ExtraMED, and they share the revenues). ExtraMED is designed to serve the purposes of promoting the literature of developing countries, while subsidising its production and development through subscription revenue. At the same time it provides a powerful research and diagnostic tool.

The best 300 biomedical journals published throughout the Third World have been selected from WHO^Rs Index Medicus projects. All the articles from every journal included have been scanned and stored as page images (including all the photographs, diagrams, etc.). All of the titles, bibliographic data, keywords and abstracts have been rekeyed to allow for full-text searching of these elements, making use of state-of-the-art database software. This is necessary, since ExtraMED mainly carries journals that are not indexed anywhere else: the only way users can discover what has been published is by searching the disk.

FreeForAll: http://www.geocities.com/wfb_2/freeforall.html

FreeForAll was launched in October 2004 to provide free digital access to health journals for users in developing countries. The service is offered by an international consortium of libraries --so far, 34 libraries from 17 countries. FreeForAll delivers articles as PDFs, sometimes scanned from faxes, and makes use of existing document delivery services and ILL protocols. The costs are borne by the participating libraries.

GDN Journal Service: http://www.gdnet.org/online_services/journals/gdn_journal_services/index.html

GDN works with partners to provide researchers working in developing countries with free access to a range of journals services through GDNet. The Global Development Network (GDN) is a global network of research and policy institutes working together to address the problems of national and regional development. GDN:

HighWire Press:  http://highwire.stanford.edu/lists/devecon.dtl

The site offers the following information:  "The below journals offer free online access to all countries that appear in the World Bank's list of 'low income economies,' plus Djibouti.  You do not need to sign up for this service as our software automatically detects the country you are connecting from and grants access accordingly."  Additionally, the site contains over 350,000 articles from high quality peer reviewed biomedical journals that are available for free to all readers.

Stanford University Libraries' HighWire Press began in early 1995 with the online production of the weekly Journal of Biological Chemistry (JBC), the most highly cited (and second largest) peer-reviewed journal.  Scientists and societies rapidly saw the potential for new forms and features of scientific communication, and Science and Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences soon joined JBC online. HighWire now (December 2001) produces 298 sites online, with many more planned.

HINARI: see under World Health Organization below.

ICSU-UNESCO: http://bestofscience.free.fr/icsu.html

Joint declaration of the International Council for Science and the United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization supporting broad and free access to scientific information in the developing world.

INASP: www.inasp.info

INASP is a co-operative network of partners aiming to improve world-wide access to information.  It was established in 1992 by the International Council for Science (ICSU) as a programme of the Committee for the Dissemination of Scientific Information (CDSI)/ICSU Press.

Its stated objectives are:
 


Of particular relevance to this site is INASP's PERI initiative, Programme for the Enhancement of Research Information.  Component 1 Acquisition of international scholarly information through application of electronic ICTs offers the following:
 

Since September 2000 INASP has been successfully negotiating for the provision of differentially-priced information resources. Developed in collaboration with researchers and librarians, and with the support of development programmes such as ENRECA (Danida) and Sida:SAREC, this component presently provides access to over 5000 full-text online journals in science, technology, medicine, social science and the humanities from Academic (Elsevier), Blackwell Publishers, The Cochrane Library, EBSCO Publishing, Mary Ann Liebert and Munksgaard; and to databases from EBSCO and SilverPlatter and document delivery through the British Library and 'subito'.

In the first instance, members of universities and research institutions and professionals in Ghana, Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania, Uganda and Zambia were invited to forward their names, affiliations and full contact details to INASP in exchange for full details about accessing the content. This opportunity was extended to Kenya, Sri Lanka, Vietnam and Zimbabwe and a wide range of countries in Africa, Asia and Central and Latin America will be added throughout 2002.

INASP has just launched 'INASP Health Links' - a Gateway to selected Web sites and Internet resources that will be of special interest to health professionals, medical library communities, publishers, and NGOs in developing and transitional countries at http://www.inasp.info/links/health/

InfoMed: http://www.cubasolidarity.net/infomed.html

InfoMed is the computer net of the National System of Health Information of the Ministry of Health in Cuba. It has been operational since 1992.

Goals: To facilitate the exchange of electronic information in the field of medicine, biomedicine and health in general. Intends to facilitate linkages between professionals, academicians, researchers, functionaries and Public Health workers in general in Cuba and abroad.

Linkages: InfoMed is linked to the key nodules of the Cuban E-Mail Net and with the X.25 Net of the Cuban Academy of Sciences. For international e- mail it is connected to PeaceNet, allowing e-mail exchange with the world nets, including INTERNET and Satellife. With the exception of these international e-mail services, we lack direct connection with INTERNET.

Users: Currently InfoMed provides services to users throughout the country with great possibilities of growth, only limited by the lack of equipment in the health institutions, given that the interest in the service health care workers is enormous.

Up to now there are approximately 500 open accounts, 80% of which are of collective use in health institutions of Cuba. This makes the estimates of users harder to make. The amount of information traveling through the net is continuously increasing and currently the daily average is 14 MB.

For more information, contact CNICM:

Centro Nacional de Informacion de Ciencias Medicas
27 # 110 e/ M y N. Vedado. CP 10400. Ciudad de La Habana, Cuba
Tel: (537) 321991 Fax: (537) 333063
Email: urra@infomed.sld.cu

Iraq Virtual Science Library: https://www.ivsl.org

A multinational partnership including the National Academies of Science and Engineering, Sun Microsystems, AGORA, HINARI, and Springer are are sponsoring the establishment of an Iraq Virtual Science Library to provide Iraqi Scientists and Academicians with access to important journals in medicine, engineering and physical sciences.

The participating institutions whose members will be able to use the service include:

Journal Server Trust: http://www.journalserver.org

The Journal Server Trust is an Oxford-based international initiative to create a high quality freeware digital library (JournalServer.org) with the strategic collaboration of leading universities across the world. Through this, the Trust hopes to revive the spirit of non-profit academic publishing, in a way that would particularly benefit the low and middle-income countries of the world.

National Academies Press: http://www.nap.edu

The National Academies now offer free online access in more than 100 developing countries to the reports of the Academies, as well as to journal articles from the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS). The goal is to help developing countries tackle challenges such as disease, hunger, and economic transition with enhanced scientific knowledge. Since January 2002, PNAS has offered developing countries free online access to the research articles, commentaries, and reviews published in the journal, which are now available free of charge in more than 130 countries, listed at http://www.pnas.org/misc/faq.shtml#developing. The National Academies Press (NAP) now allows readers in most developing countries to obtain Academies reports free from the NAP Web site in portable document format (PDF). Eligible nations are listed at http://www.nap.edu/info/faq_dc_pdf.html. In the first two months of this year, NAP gave away 15,600 books and 6,500 individual chapters to people in these nations. In addition, NAP's site will soon feature special "subject portals" on topics such as drought and water sciences, which are of particular interest in the developing world.

National Bureau of Economic Research: http://www.nber.org/

The NBER is a private, nonprofit, nonpartisan research organization dedicated to promoting a greater understanding of how the economy works. Our research is conducted by more than 600 university professors around the country, the leading scholars in their fields.

The NBER sells subscriptions to its online working paper series but offers free service to residents of developing countries and transition economies. Natural-resource rich countries are not on the free-distribution list.

NBER provides a list of the country-code domains currently eligible for free downloads of NBER working papers. If your computer is in one of these domains, you should be offered a download on the bibliographic page for the paper. If that doesn't happen, it is probably because your network does not support Reverse Name Lookup . Without that facility on your network, NBER can't learn what your domain name is. However, selecting on the `Information for subscribers and others expecting free downloads' link offers the opportunity to provide to NBER your e-mail address, and NBER will email you a URL for the paper.

Further details are available at: http://www.nber.org/help/dcte.html

New England Journal of Medicine: http://www.nejm.org/custserv/lowinc.asp

The New England Journal of Medicine is made available to certain countries under its "Access for Low-Income Countries" program. The list of over 100 countries on their web site was derived primarily from a World Bank list. Users from these countries will be recognized automatically by their IP addresses and allowed access to full text without charge.

Online Access to Research in the Environment (OARE)  http://www.oaresciences.org/en/

Online Access to Research in the Environment (OARE), an international public-private consortium coordinated by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), Yale University, and leading science and technology publishers, enables developing countries to gain free access to one of the world's largest collections of environmental science literature.

Over one thousand scientific journal titles owned and published by over 200 prestigious publishing houses, scholarly societies, and scientific associations are now available in 70 low income countries. Another 36 countries will be added by 2008. Research is provided in a wide range of disciplines, including biotechnology, botany, climate change, ecology, energy, environmental chemistry, environmental economics, environmental engineering and planning, environmental law and policy, environmental toxicology and pollution, geography, geology, hydrology, meteorology, oceanography, urban planning, zoology, and many others.

Oxford University Press Journals:  http://www.oxfordjournals.org

Oxford Journals will continue to offer developing countries free (or greatly discounted) online access to many of our journals. Further information, including a list of countries that qualify for free or reduced access in 2008, can be found at http://www.oxfordjournals.org/access_purchase/developing_countries_list. html . Please note that in 2008 we will be basing our list of qualifying countries on 2006 World Bank Reports (and in 2009 on 2007 World Bank Reports).

patientINFORM  http://www.patientinform.com

patientINFORM is a free online service that provides patients and their caregivers access to some of the most up-to-date, reliable, and important research available about the diagnosis and treatment of specific diseases. Here, consumers have the ability to not only read the latest research, but also to find help interpreting that information and accessing additional materials. By making it easier to understand research findings, patientINFORM empowers healthcare consumers to have improved discussions with their physicians and make informed decisions about care. This service aggregates and provides access to content from multiple sources.

Ptolemy Project:  http://www.ptolemy.ca

"Based at the University of Toronto, the Ptolemy Project aims to bridge the current digital divide in access to full text health information and to link surgical researchers from around the world with the extraordinary resources of the University of Toronto Library, North America's 4th largest research library."

PubMed Central: http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov

PubMed Central is a digital archive of life sciences journal literature managed by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) at the U. S. National Library of Medicine (NLM). It is not a journal publisher. Access to PubMed Central (PMC) is free and unrestricted. As of 1/26/2001, 17 journals were listed as "forthcoming" and the following journals were available in whole or in part through PMC:

Arthritis Research
BMC titiles
British Medical Journal
Breast Cancer Research
Bulletin of the Medical Library Association
Critical Care
Current Controlled Trials in Cardiovascular Medicine
Genome Biology
Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association
Molecular Biology of the Cell
Plant Physiology
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Respiratory Research

The Royal College of Psychiatrists: http://www.rcpsych.org/

We have enabled free online access to all three of our journals (the British Journal of Psychiatry, the Psychiatric Bulletin, and Advances in Psychiatric Treatment) across 75 countries, collated from the World Bank list of lowest income countries and the OECD list of countries qualifying for Official Development Assistance based on per capita GNP. Any institution or individual in these countries should be able to access the online journals, as the system is based on recognition of IP addresses based on those areas.

In collaboration with other HighWire publishers, we are also participating in a joint bid to eIFL (run by the Soros Foundation), which offers free or highly discounted online access to institutions in a number of countries. This is still pending.

Countries in the program: Albania, Angola, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Benin, Bhutan, Bosnia, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo, Costa Rica, Cote D'ivoire, Cuba, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Rep, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gambia, Georgia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Honduras, Indonesia, Iraq, Kenya, Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Kosovo, Kyrgyzstan, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Republic of Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Mozambique, Myanmar, Nepal, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sao Tome And Principe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sudan, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Togo, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Viet Nam, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zambia, Zimbabwe

Royal Society of Chemistry:

(From BBC News, 3/1/6): The Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) has announced that it will give Africa free access to its journal archives. A total of 1.5 million pages and 250,000 articles will be available electronically to African scientists. At the launch of the initiative, an Ethiopian researcher called on other chemistry journals to open their archives free-of-charge, too. Hareg Tadesse said: "It is not about only me, and only Africa - the whole of the developing world needs supporting." The Archives for Africa scheme was launched on Tuesday at the House of Commons. "Access to scientific information is an essential ingredient for the establishment of a sustainable science base," said Dr Simon Campbell, the president of the RSC. "We believe that free access to the RSC Archive will make a major contribution towards building scientific capacity, which African leaders have stated is essential for social and economic development." The decision to open access to the journals followed the recent G8 meeting in Gleneagles, Scotland, which highlighted the need for capacity building in developing countries in science and technology. Hareg Tadesse, a chemist from Ethiopia, who attended the launch, believes her research has benefited from access to the journals. "In order to do my work, I needed to know the results from previous research. And it was really hard in Addis for me to get hold of the right papers. This is where the archives are going to be so useful," she explained....However, to aid African research, she said more scientific journals needed to give free access to their papers. "I would like to call on all publishers of chemistry journals to follow the lead of the RSC to support young chemists like me with their archives so that we can bring the benefits of chemistry to our great continent," she added.

SateLLife: http://www.healthnet.org/whatwedo.php; http://www.healthnet.org/medpub.php

Sadly, many health professionals in developing countries do not have access to current information and research that is vital for diagnosis, treatment and care of disease. Empowering them to deliver better health care in their communities, SATELLIFE:

-- Connects health professionals in remote areas to critical information resources.
-- Enables health professionals to share information on relevant health issues.
-- Trains health workers in the use of information technology tools.
-- Distributes current, peer-reviewed medical and public health content to health practitioners in the developing world.

Access to relevant, reliable and current health information is essential to the practice of health care To address this need, SATELLIFE has forged relationships with reputable content providers, including medical publishers and international development organizations, to offer a series of publications featuring clinical and public health information. Available at no charge to health professionals living in the developing world, SATELLIFE's content is selected from over 40 peer-reviewed medical journals.

SciDev: http://www.scidev.net

SciDev.Net is a free-access, Internet-based network devoted to reporting on and discussing those aspects of modern science and technology that are relevant to sustainable development and the social and economic needs of developing countries.

The project is based on the premise that those who stand to benefit most from modern science and technology are also those who have least access to information about it. Such individuals are therefore left ill-equipped to take part in discussions about science- and technology-related issues that profoundly affect their lives.

Our goal is to provide a focal point for both authoritative information and informed debate on these issues. By doing so, SciDev.Net seeks to empower both individuals and communities in developing countries, increasing their ability to ensure the effective contribution of science and technology to sustainable development, and thus to the general improvement of health and economic well-being.

SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online): http://www.scielo.br

The Scientific Electronic Library Online - SciELO is an electronic virtual library covering a selected collection of Brazilian scientific journals. The library is an integral part of a project being developed by FAPESP - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, in partnership with BIREME - the Latin American and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences Information. The FAPESP-BIREME Project envisages the development of a common methodology for the preparation, storage, dissemination and evaluation of scientific literature in electronic format. As the project develops, new journal titles will be added in the library collection.

The objective of the site is to implement an electronic virtual library, providing full access to a collection of serial titles, a collection of issues from individual serial titles, as well as to the full text of articles. The access to both serial titles and articles is available via indexes and search forms.

SIGMOD/VLDB DIGITAL LIBRARY DONATION PROGRAM: http://pike.ewha.ac.kr/sigmod-dvd

ACM SIGMOD and the VLDB Foundation have established a joint program to donate database literature to universities in developing countries, with the goal of assisting in the expansion of the database community in those countries. Currently available literature includes SIGMOD's Silver Edition and the SIGMOD 2003 DiSC, both on DVDs. The Silver Edition is a comprehensive collection of 30 years of database research literature and related materials; the complete table of contents for the Silver Edition can be found at http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/~ley/db/anthology.html. The 2003 DiSC contains the proceedings of many database research conferences that took place in 2002, plus database research journal issues from that year and other related materials; see http://sigmod.discgenesis.net/ for the complete table of contents. A request for a donation should be made by visiting our website (http://pike.ewha.ac.kr/sigmod-dvd) and filling out an application form.

Soros/Open Society Initiative.

For a preliminary announcement about the Soros Initiative to bring free or low-cost access to hundreds of electronic science and technology journals to readers in economically disadvantaged countries, see the July 17, 2001 press release on this topic: http://www.library.yale.edu/~llicense/ListArchives/0107/msg00056.html

TEEAL -- The Essential Electronic Agricultural Library: http://www.teeal.org/

TEEAL is an annually updated collection of the world's most important scientific journals in the field of agriculture. Journal issues start from 1993 and updates are produced annually.

TEEAL is an offline library, initially available as a CD-ROM set and more recently on an external hard drive for operation and access on a local area network (LAN). It is available at well below cost to 109 of the lowest-income food deficit countries, as listed in the World Bank's 1998-9 World Development Report. A number of donor agencies have supported TEEAL set purchases though many sets are also self-funded by institutions.

TEEAL has been called a "Library in a Box." It contains over 140 journals selected by 600 scientists from around the world as the most essential to research and education in: Rural Development, Sustainable Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment, Food Processing, Veterinary Medicine, Range Management, Agricultural Engineering, Crop Development, Animal Management, Pest Control, Economics, Soil Science, Nutrition, Forestry. The project is managed out of A. R. Mann Library at Cornell University.

University of Chicago Press

According to Kate Duff, Special Projects Manager (1/24/2002), the University of Chicago Press, the Press participates in a couple of programs that provide selected journal content as part of a CD database or electronic newsletter that is distributed to institutes in developing nations: SateLLife (contact: Leela McCullough, hnet@usa.healthnet.org) and The Essential Electronic Agricultural Library (TEEAL) (contact: teeal@cornell.edu).

Virtual Health Library
http://www.bireme.br/bvs/I/ihome.htm
(Latin America and the Caribbean)

BIREME's mission is to contribute to the development of the health in the countries of the Latin America and the Caribbean by promoting the use of health scientific and technical information. The Virtual Health Library is envisioned as the broad of scientific and technical knowledge based in health-entered, organized, and stored in electronic format in the countries of the Region, universally accessible on the Internet and compatible with international databases.

The Virtual Health Library is simulated in a virtual space on the Internet and consists of a collection or network of health information sources in the Region. Users from different levels and locations will be able to interact and navigate in the space of one or more information sources, regardless of their physical location. The information sources are generated, updated, stored, and manipulated on the Internet by producers, integrators, and intermediaries, in a decentralized manner using common methodologies for their integration into the Virtual Health Library.

WiderNet (University of Iowa.
 
http://www.widernet.org:

The eGranary Digital Library puts millions of documents instantly at the fingertips of scholars in developing countries without using an Internet connection. Since few schools in the developing world have adequate connections to the Internet, and those that do spend enormous amounts of money for slow and unreliable connections, the eGranary Digital Library stores huge amounts of information on hard drives inside a school's internal network. It contains books, websites, journals, movies and audio files from hundreds of contributing authors and publishers who freely contribute to help bridge the digital divide.

World Health Organization.  Health InterNetwork: http://www.healthinternetwork.net

In July 2001, Dr. Gro Harlem Brundtland, Director-General of the World Health Organization, convened a press conference to announce a joint WHO-publisher initiative aimed at fostering to developing nations free or nearly free access to a number of the world's peer-reviewed, biomedical research journals.  The publishers involved in the first phase of this joint initiative are Blackwell, Elsevier Science, Harcourt Worldwide STM Group, Springer Verlag, John Wiley, and Wolters Kluwer International Health and Science.  The web site for the HINARI project is not yet fully operational (as of December 2001), but press releases and announcements are available.  The project went live on 31 January 2002: press release.  See also the original statement of intent and press release on that statement

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