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January 2009: View the entire issue
Cover story: Molecular pathogenesis of polydactyly
Limb malformations such as polydactyly can be due to mutations in sonic hedgehog or some Hox genes. Kuss and colleagues use a mouse mutant to show that polydactyly can be caused by increased interdigital chondrogenesis due to reduced retinoic acid levels and the prochondrogenic effect of Hoxd13.
Also inside:
Cytokines are small protein mediators involved in essentially all biological processes. As such, abnormalities in cytokines, their receptors, and the signaling pathways that they initiate are involved in a wide variety of diseases. This Review Series discusses the important role of cytokines and their receptors in just a few of these diseases, specifically three chronic inflammatory disease areas and two forms of cancer, highlighting their potential as therapeutic targets.
Global Health
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Spinal leptin contributes to the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain in rodents
Loss of viral fitness and cross-recognition by CD8+ T cells limit HCV escape from a protective HLA-B27–restricted human immune response
Immune cell–derived opioids protect against neuropathic pain in mice
Human four-and-a-half LIM family members suppress tumor cell growth through a TGF-β–like signaling pathway
Ligation of TLR9 induced on human IL-10–secreting Tregs by 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 abrogates regulatory function