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Figure 1. Examples of simple and more complex target-reservoir
systems. In the simplest case, A, a maintenance population transmits a
pathogen (indicated by arrows) to a target population that is smaller
than the critical community size (CCS) and therefore classified as nonmaintenance.
In B, the reservoir is composed of two connected nonmaintenance populations,
only one of which is the source population, and neither of which could
constitute a reservoir alone (typically akin to some vector-borne infections).
Elimination of infection in population X will result in elimination of
infection in the target. C depicts a situation in which Y is a maintenance
population, but transmission can occur directly between Y and the target
population or through another source population, Z. Although not essential
to pathogen maintenance, Z is still part of the reservoir because it contributes
to transmission of the pathogen to the target. In D, four nontarget populations
must be included within the reservoir if its full dynamics are to be understood.
Elimination of infection in U will not result in elimination of infection
in the target, as V is an independent maintenance population. In E, all
populations are sources. If W is not required to maintain the infection,
then W falls outside the maintenance community but is still part of the
reservoir because it is a source. F illustrates that the target population
itself may constitute part of the reservoir and G that the target population
can be a maintenance population.
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