Volume 11, Number 10, October 2005

Mallards and Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Ancestral Viruses, Northern Europe

Vincent J. Munster,* Anders Wallensten,†‡ Chantal Baas,* Guus F. Rimmelzwaan,*Martin Schutten,*Björn Olsen,§¶ Albert D.M.E. Osterhaus,* and Ron A.M. Fouchier*
*Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; †Smedby Health Center, Kalmar, Sweden; ‡Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; §Umea University, Umea, Sweden; and ¶Kalmar University, Kalmar, Sweden

Figure 3. Phylogenetic trees of H5 sequences. A) Phylogenetic tree based on the amino acid sequence distance matrix, representing all H5 amino acid sequences available from public databases. The scale bar represents ≈10% of amino acid changes between close relatives. *Represent location of the H5 influenza A viruses isolated from Mallards. B) DNA maximum likelihood tree for the cluster of European H5 influenza A viruses and the low pathogenic avian influenza H5 influenza A viruses isolated from migrating Mallards by using A/Chicken/Scotland/59 as outgroup. The scale bar represents ≈1% of nucleotide changes between close relatives.

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This page last reviewed September 15, 2005

Emerging Infectious Diseases Journal
National Center for Infectious Diseases
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