Volume 9, Number 4, April 2003

Early-Season Avian Deaths from West Nile Virus as Warnings of Human Infection

Stephen C. Guptill,* Kathleen G. Julian,† Grant L. Campbell,‡ Susan D. Price,* and Anthony A. Marfin‡
*U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia USA; †Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA; and ‡Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia

Figure 2. Counties reporting avian deaths and human meningitis/encephalitis caused by West Nile virus (WNV), January 1–November 30, 2002. Counties reporting human illness are outlined in red. The color within the county indicates the date when the first avian death from WNV was reported in that county. Counties that report dead birds early in the year (yellow) are more likely to report subsequent disease cases in humans.

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This page last reviewed March 18, 2003

Emerging Infectious Diseases Journal
National Center for Infectious Diseases
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention