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Sheep Management Practices Can Influence Predation
These practices may not be practical for all producers. For example, it would be extremely difficult to confine a flock of 500 pasture lambing ewes each night. Greater losses would be likely from mismothering, and increased exposure to diseases such as coccidiosis and internal parasites. For managing predation, a variety of methods must be available, one method will not be effective for every producer. Most successful predator control programs use an integrated approach combining good husbandry with effective control methods. Prevention cannot be stressed enough, because after predators kill
once they are more likely to return and kill again. If predators have
started killing sheep, it is important to stop the killing as quickly
as possible. Predisposing FactorsAlthough many of the following relationships are not clearly defined, it is important to understand the relationship between predisposing factors and actual or perceived losses to predators. Coyotes tend to kill animals that are easily caught. Predation may begin because of the availability of sheep weakened by poor nutrition, inclement weather, disease or parasites, or small size (young lambs). This is not to say that these are the only type of livestock that coyotes kill. Many producers will quickly verify that losses are often some of their better ewes, of prime breeding age. Health of FlockHealthy sheep tend to have higher lambing rates, lower overall death losses, and may be less susceptible to predation. Ewes in good condition will generally raise stronger lambs. Orphaned and otherwise abnormal lambs are likely to be initial victims of predation. RecordkeepingKnowing how many sheep you have in a particular pasture helps to quickly determine when losses begin. Keeping track of losses can be very beneficial in eventual control or removal of the problem predator. They can help identify loss patterns, or high risk pastures. Season and Location of LambingHighest predation typically occurs from late spring through September-October due to high feed requirements of raising pups. Lambs born on pasture are more likely to be at high risk to predation than older lambs or mature sheep. On the other hand, winter born lambs, raised indoors and hand fed may be as much at risk since they are not as alert or suspicious of humans or strange animals as those born on pasture are. Corrals and Night ConfinementAlthough this may be a practical option for small flocks, or flocks of dry ewes that lambed during the winter, it is not a feasible option for large, commercial flocks that have young lambs with them on pasture. Deadstock DisposalAn Alberta study indicated that farms where deadstock were promptly removed and disposed of, predator losses were lower than on farms where deadstock were left about. Human PresenceFrequent checking of flocks can discourage predation from the beginning. As well, periodic changing of when the flock is checked can deter coyotes from attempting kills. NoveltiesThings like bells on a number of sheep in the flock; aluminum pie plates hung around the perimeter of the pasture, playing the radio, etc. can discourage coyotes from preying on flocks. Anything that causes an irregular sound or reflection can be effective. Again, these sorts of things may be suitable to some producers and not others. Each individual situation must be assessed as to what is most suitable.
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