An agroterrorism attack would dramatically impact many aspects of American life, including law enforcement, which—especially in rural areas—is financially and strategically unprepared to respond. This Research for Policy considers the effect of the introduction of foot-and-mouth disease to the American cattle industry, including the mandatory slaughter of millions of animals and an impact of up to $60 billion on the U.S. economy. The publication outlines why law enforcement is not currently ready for such a terrorist attack and offers guidance for preventing and preparing to respond to an act of agroterrorism.