Volume 12, Number 4, April 2006

Domestic Ducks and H5N1 Influenza Epidemic, Thailand

Thaweesak Songserm,* Rungroj Jam-on,* Numdee Sae-Heng,* Noppadol Meemak,† Diane J. Hulse-Post,‡ Katharine M. Sturm-Ramirez,‡ and Robert G. Webster‡
*Kasetsart University, Nakornpathom, Thailand; †Western Veterinary Research and Development Center, Rachaburi, Thailand; and ‡St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA

Figure 1. Duck-raising systems in Thailand. A) Closed system with high biosecurity, an evaporative cooling system, and strict entrance control. B) Open system but with netting to prevent entrance of passerine birds. Biosecurity was not strictly enforced. This system is no longer approved for the raising of poultry. C) "Grazing duck raising." Biosecurity is never practiced in this system. D) Backyard Muscovy ducks raised for a family; no biosecurity is practiced in this system.

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This page last reviewed March 22, 2006

Emerging Infectious Diseases Journal
National Center for Infectious Diseases
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