Progress in New Crops Proceedings of the Third National Symposium New Crops New Opportunities, New Technologies CONTENTS

1. New Crops, New Opportunities
2. Policy
3. Marketing and Commercialization
4. Information Explosion
5. Cereals and Pseudocereals
6. Grain Legumes
7. Forages
8. Oilseeds
9. Industrial Crops
10. Fiber Crops
11. Fruits and Nuts
12. Vegetables
13. Floral and Landscape Crops
14. Medicinal, Aromatic, Spice, and Bioactive Crops
15. Crops in Space

Part I: New Crops, New Opportunities

• New Crops: Solutions for Global Problems—Noel Vietmeyer

• New Crops or New Uses for Old Crops: Where Should the Emphasis Be?—Shelby F. Thames and Thomas P. Schuman

• New Industrial Crops for Europe—Anthony Capelle

• New Crops In The UK: From Concept to Bottom Line Profits—Francis H. Nicholls

• Emerging Indigenous Crops of Australia—John A. Considine

• New Crops as a Possible Solution for the Troubled Israeli Export Market—Y. Mizrahi and A. Nerd

• New Industrial Crops: Northwestern Argentina Regional Project—Ricardo Ayerza (h) and Wayne Coates

• Agricultural Opportunities and Challenges in China—Thomas A. Lumpkin

• Underexploited Temperate Industrial and Fiber Crops—Richard J. Roseberg

• Non-woody Fibers and the Future of Rural Economies—David Morris

• Alternative Crops Research in Virginia—Harbans L. Bhardwaj, Andy Hankins, Tadesse Mebrahtu, Jimmy Mullins, Muddappa Rangappa, Ozzie Abaye, and Gregory E. Welbaum

Part II: Policy & Programs
Policy

• Diversifying U.S. Crop Production—Jules Janick, Melvin G. Blase, Duane L. Johnson, Gary D. Jolliff, and Robert L. Myers

• Justification for a National New Crops Initiative—Peter Felker

• New-Crops R&D: Necessity for Increased Public Investment—Gary D. Jolliff

• The Alternative Agricultural Research and Commercialization Center (AARC), U.S. Department of Agriculture—Robert Armstrong

Marketing and Commercialization

• Marketing New Crops to the American Consumer—Frieda Caplan

• Marketing Lost Crops™ of the Americas—Frieda Caplan

• Kenaf Commercialization: 1986-1995—Daniel E. Kugler

• Commercializing Mesquite, Leucaena, and Cactus in Texas—Peter Felker

• Establishing New Crops Industries: The Indiana Grape and Wine Industry Model—Bruce Bordelon, Theresa Browning, and Cheri Wagner

Information Explosion

• The NewCROP Electronic Network—James E. Simon, Jules Janick, and Amots Hetzroni

• The Morton Collectanea: An Information Center in Economic Botany—Julia Morton

• New Literature for New Crops—Jane Potter Gates

Part III: New Crops, New Technologies

Cereals and Pseudocereals

• Alternative Wheat Cereals as Food Grains: Einkorn, Emmer, Spelt, Kamut, and Triticale—G.F. Stallknecht, K.M. Gilbertson, and J.E. Ranney

• Advances in Grain Pearl Millet: Utilization and Production Research—David J. Andrews, Wayne W. Hanna, John F. Rajewski, and Victoria P. Collins

• Evaluation of Pearl Millet for Swine and Ducks—Olayiwola Adeola, Dale King, and Bradley V. Lawrence

• Foxtail and Proso Millet—David D. Baltensperger

• Variation in Electrophoregrams of Total Seed Protein and Wx Protein in Foxtail Millet—Muhammad Afzal, Makoto Kawase, Hiroki Nakayama, and Kazutoshi Okuno

• Buckwheat: Pseudocereal and Nutraceutical—Steven Edwardson

• Amaranth: New Crop Opportunity—Robert L. Myers

• Grain Amaranth Harvest Timeliness in Eastern North Dakota—S.A. Fitterer, B.L. Johnson, and A.A. Schneiter

• Field Evaluation of Grain Amaranth in Chile—Marisol Berti, Humberto Serri, Rosemarie Wilckens, and Inés Figueroa

Grain Legumes

• Acacia in Australia: Ethnobotany and Potential Food Crop—Peter R. Lister, Paul Holford, Tony Haigh, and David A. Morrison

• Winter Survival of Austrian Winter Pea and Annual Medic on the Western High Plains—James Krall, Robin W. Groose, and Jonathan Sobels

• Grain Yield of Oat-Pea Intercrop—Patrick M. Carr, Eric D. Eriksmoen, Glenn B. Martin, and N. Rick Olson

Forages

• Annual Forages: New Approaches for C-4 Forages—Jeffrey F. Pedersen

• New Uses for Alfalfa and Other "Old" Forage Legumes—Joe H. Bouton

• Alfalfa Stems: Potential Biofuel for Woodstoves—A. Gray, C. Anderson, E. Koppelman, B. Bjornsen, K. Frank, and M. Siedell

• Perennial Grasses: New Applications and Uses—Kenneth P. Vogel and Robert C. Shearman

Oilseeds

• Selecting Winter Hardy Oilseed Rape for the Great Plains—C.L. Rife and J.P. Salgado

• Evaluation of Planting Date for Winter Canola Production in Indiana—Ellsworth P. Christmas

• Potential of Canola as a Dryland Crop in Northeastern Colorado—David C. Nielsen

• Canola Production in Virginia—David E. Starner, Harbans L. Bhardwaj, Anwar A. Hamama, and Muddappa Rangappa

Industrial Crops

• Germplasm Use in Arid Lands Industrial Crops—Dennis T. Ray and David A. Dierig

• Economic Evaluation of New Oilseed Crops for The Netherlands—Gerard Boswinkel, Johannes T.P. Derksen, and F. Petrus Cuperus

• Engineering New Oilseed Crops from Rapeseed—H. Maelor Davies

• Crambe: New Crop Success—Kenneth D. Carlson, John C. Gardner, Vernon L. Anderson, and James J. Hanzel

• Isolation and Functional Properties of Proteins from Crambe abyssinica Oil Seeds—E. Massoura, J.M. Vereijken, P. Kolster, and J.T.P. Derksen

• Hypoallergenic Guayule Latex: Research to Commercialization—Katrina Cornish and Deborah J. Siler

• Identification of Guayule Regions in Northern Mexico, Based on Rubber Yield and Coproducts Quality—Diana Jasso Cantú, José Luis Angulo Sánchez, and Raúl Rodriguez García

• Development of Castor Bean Production in France—Françoise Labalette, André Estragnat, and Antoine Messéan

• Evaluation of Castor Germplasm for Agronomic and Oil Characteristics—Harbans L. Bhardwaj, Ali I. Mohamed, Charles L. Webber, III, and Gilbert R. Lovell

• Lesquerella and Vernonia: Oilseeds for Arid Lands—David A. Dierig, Terry A. Coffelt, Francis S. Nakayama, and Anson E. Thompson

• High Value-Added Applications from Vernolic Acid—F. Petrus Cuperus and Johannes T.P. Derksen

• Improvement of Camelina sativa , an Underexploited Oilseed—Johann Vollmann, Astrid Damboeck, Anna Eckl, Heinrich Schrems, and Peter Ruckenbauer

• Intercropping Stokes Aster: Seedling Growth under a Soybean Canopy—E.J. Callan and C.W. Kennedy

• Matthiola incana : Source of Omega-3-Linolenic Acid—Zohara Yaniv, D. Schafferman, M. Zur, and I. Shamir

• Dimorphotheca pluvialis : A New Source of Hydroxy Fatty Acid—Lysbeth Hof

• Food Intake Inhibitory Activity of Simmondsin and Defatted Jojoba Meal: Dose-Response Curves in Rats—Marnix M. Cokelaere, Gerda Flo, Paul Daenens, Eddy Decuypere, Maurits Van Boven, and Sabien Vermaut

Fiber Crops

• Hemp: Specialty Crop for the Paper Industry—Anthony Capelle

• Crotalaria juncea : A Potential Multi-Purpose Fiber Crop—Charles G. Cook and George A. White

• Domestication of Hesperaloe : Progress, Problems, and Prospects—Steven P. McLaughlin

• Adaptation of Kenaf to Temperate Climatic Zones—Brian S. Baldwin

• Response of Kenaf to Nitrogen Fertilization—Charles L. Webber III

• Potential for Kenaf Improvement via Somaclonal Variation—Nancy A. Reichert and Brian S. Baldwin

• Growth of Bedding Plants in a Kenaf-Based Potting Medium—Nancy A. Reichert and Brian S. Baldwin

Fruits and Nuts

• Mediterranean Fruits—Joan Tous and Louise Ferguson

• South American Fruits Deserving Further Attention—Richard J. Campbell

• Sapodilla: A Potential Crop For Subtropical Climates—Michael V. Mickelbart

• Native Cultivars of Cactus Pear in México—C. Mondragon-Jacobo and S. Perez-Gonzalez

• Guava Production in Georgia under Cold-protection Structure—Umedi L. Yadava

• Macadamia Production in Southern California—Lawrence T. McHargue

Vegetables

• Specialty Mushrooms—Daniel J. Royse

• Response of Australian Strains of the Mushroom Lepista nuda to Temperature and Substrate—Karen Stott and Andrew Broderick

• Capsicums: Innovative Uses of an Ancient Crop—Paul W. Bosland

• Asian Vegetables: Selected Fruit and Leafy Types—Marita Cantwell, Xunli Nie, Ru Jing Zong, and Mas Yamaguchi

• Growing and Marketing Chinese Vegetables in Central Kentucky—Wenwei Jia, Mary Witt, and John Strang

• Pejibaye Heart-of-Palm in Hawaii: From Introduction to Market—Charles R. Clement, Richard M. Manshardt, Catherine G. Cavaletto, Joseph DeFrank, John Mood, Jr., Natalie Y. Nagai, Kent Fleming, and Francis Zee

• Starch Noodles from Edible Canna—Michael Hermann

• New Technology for Making Tempeh: A Cultured Soyfood—Gunter Pfaff and Betsy Shipley

• Management Methods for Producing Vegetable Amaranth—Bharat P. Singh and Wayne F. Whitehead

• Potential Nutritional and Health Benefits of Tree Spinach—Joseph O. Kuti and Eliseo S. Torres

• Precooling: Key Factor for Assuring Quality in New Fresh Market Vegetable Crops—Glenn H. Sullivan, Lonni R. Davenport, and James W. Julian

Floral and Landscape Crops

• New Floral Crops in the United States—Mark S. Roh and Roger H. Lawson

• Xeriscaping: Sources of New Native Ornamental Plants—Bart C. O'Brien

• Hyacinth Bean: Stems for the Cut Flower Market—Robert G. Anderson, Sharon Bale, and Wenwei Jia

• New Basil Selections with Compact Inflorescences for the Ornamental Market—Mario R. Morales and James E. Simon

• Novel Annual and Perennial Tagetes —Jacqueline A. Soule

Medicinal, Aromatic, Spice, and Bioactive Crops

• Drug Discovery and Development at the National Cancer Institute: Potential for New Pharmaceutical Crops—Gordon M. Cragg, James E. Simon, Johnson G. Jato, and Kenneth M. Snader

• Ethnobotanical Approaches to the Discovery of Bioactive Compounds—Trish Flaster

• Ginseng: Old Crop, New Directions—John T.A. Proctor

• Distribution of Artemisinin in Artemisia annua —Jorge F.S. Ferreira and Jules Janick

• Wild Rose Germplasm Evaluation in Chile—Jean Paul Joublan, Marisol Berti, Humberto Serri, Rosemarie Wilckens, Felicitas Hevia, and Inés Figueroa

• Domestic Production of Herbs and Spices—Dario Cisneros

• Coriander Under Irrigation in Argentina—Gustavo Luayza, Roberto Brevedan, and Rosana Palomo

• Greenhouse Production of Garlic Chives and Cilantro—Robert G. Anderson and Wenwei Jia

• Basil Seed Oils—Paul Angers, Mario R. Morales, and James E. Simon

• Selection of Boronia for Essential Oils and Cut Flowers—Julie A. Plummer, Joanne M. Wann, John A. Considine, and Z.E. (Ted) Spadek

• Monthly Variations in Biological Activity of Asimina triloba —Holly A. Johnson, John Gordon, and Jerry L. McLaughlin

• Rapeseed Meal as a Natural Pesticide—Harbans L. Bhardwaj, Anwar A. Hamama, D. Morris Porter, and Paul F. Reese, Jr.

• Potential of Sugar Beet Nematode-Resistant Radishes and Mustard for Use in Sugar Beet Rotations—James M. Krall, David W. Koch, Fred A. Gray, and Li Mei Yun

Crops in Space

• Plant Nutrient Composition Altered With Controlled Environments for Future Space Life-Support Systems—S. Suzanne Nielsen, Martha A. Belury, Kwangok P. Nickel, and Cary A. Mitchell

• Quinoa: Candidate Crop for NASA's Controlled Ecological Life Support Systems—Greg Schlick and David L. Bubenheim