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A sense of things to come – smart sensors and the environment
Monitoring reef systems or catchments for environmental change can be a big job; sometimes too big for humans to handle without a bit of technological assistance. Now that assistance is increasingly available in the form of smart sensors.
Sponsored by the ARC Research Network on Intelligent Sensors, Sensor Networks and Information Processing.

Making our mark – ecological footprints
Ecological footprints are being used to measure our impact on Earth and the results aren't good.
Sponsored by the Australian Government Department of Climate Change.

Clean speed ahead with catalysts
Catalysts could help solve some of the world’s biggest pollution problems.
Sponsored by the bequest of J R Anderson, FAA.

Life on Mars?
Recent discoveries on Mars have re-kindled the long-running debate between scientists about the existence of Martian life.
Sponsored by the Kanagawa Prefectural Museum of Natural History.

Cancer immunotherapy – redefining vaccines
As the leading cause of death in Australia, scientists are giving cancer a shot.
Sponsored by the Sir Mark Oliphant International Frontiers of Science and Technology Conference Series.

The quest to make hydrogen the fuel of the future
Australia and many other countries around the world are preparing for hydrogen to take over from fossil fuels such as oil and natural gas, and move to what’s being called the ‘hydrogen economy’. But there are some big hurdles to overcome before it can happen.
Sponsored by the Australian Research Council Linkage Learned Academies Special Projects Grant.

Capturing the greenhouse gang
The search is on for ways to capture greenhouse gases and store them out of harm's way.
Sponsored by the Australian Government Department of Climate Change.

Stormwater – helping to tackle Australia's water crisis
With reduced water supplies and a growing population, should Australians be letting stormwater go down the drain?
Sponsored by the Australian Research Council Linkage Learned Academies Special Projects Grant.

Bushfires spark extensive search for answers
They can start with a momentary flicker, they can burn for months, and their effects can scar landscapes and lives for years.
Sponsored by the Australian Research Council Linkage Learned Academies Special Projects Grant.

Acid test for the seas
The basic facts on ocean acidification.
Sponsored by the Australian Government Department of Climate Change.

Discovering Australia's evolutionary past
With the help of modern technology, scientists are unearthing more about the continent's biogeographical past.
Sponsored by the Australian Academy of Science Flora Fund.

Quantum computers – why would you want one?
Do we really need even faster computers?
Sponsored by the Sir Mark Oliphant International Frontiers of Science and Technology Conference Series.

Sounding out the secrets of the sea
The increasing use of sound by humans to explore the seas has raised questions about its potential impact on marine life.
Sponsored by The Australian Acoustical Society.

Probing past and future materials with neutrons
Over a hundred years after the Kelly gang were captured, researchers have been able to say how the famous armour was made.
Sponsored by the Australian Research Council Molecular and Materials Structure Network.

Thinking ahead – fusion energy for the 21st century?
Fusion is the oldest, and newest, form of energy. What role will it play in our energy-hungry future?
Sponsored by the Research School of Physical Sciences and Engineering at the Australian National University, the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, the School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences at the University of Newcastle and the School of Physics at the University of Sydney.

The water down under
You might not think it, but in a country as dry as Australia many people are literally walking on water.
Sponsored by the Australian Research Council Linkage Learned Academies Special Project Grant.

Wireless but not clueless
WiFi and other wireless technologies are already part of our lives, and soon they will be almost everywhere. We should try to understand them.
Sponsored by the Australian Research Council Communications Research Network.

Fixing the cracks in disaster mitigation
Better planning and construction can greatly reduce the impacts of earthquakes and other disasters.
Sponsored by Geoscience Australia.

A quiet revolution – the science of complex systems
If you haven't heard of complex systems don't worry, you are not the only one. Scientists have been quietly puzzling over the complex interactions that define so many things in our world.
Sponsored by the ARC Complex Open Systems Research Network.

Epigenetics – beyond genes
Recent developments in epigenetics suggest that you may inherit more than genes from your parents.
Sponsored by the Sir Mark Oliphant International Frontiers of Science and Technology Conference Series.

Making every drop count
Would you drink a glass of treated effluent? That question is part of a heated debate about water recycling, as people try to find solutions to the lack of water supplies brought about by climate change and a growing population.
Sponsored by the Australian Research Council Linkage Learned Academies Special Project Grant.

It's an advanced material world
Advanced materials promise to meet the needs of consumers who demand products that are lighter, cheaper, faster and better than ever before.
Sponsored by the Australian Research Network for Advanced Materials.

Prions – morphing agents of disease
Prions are the proteins that cause deadly brain diseases. But how do they cause disease and what is their normal role in the body?
Sponsored by the Australian Government's National Innovation Awareness Strategy.

Nanotechnology – taking it to the people
The business of working with the ultra small promises to become mega big. But what you’ll actually see in the marketplace may not look all that different from what’s around us today.
Sponsored by the Australian Research Council Nanotechnology Network.

Weeds – the real alien invaders
They’re green, they’re mean, and they cost Australia billions of dollars each year. Invasive weeds threaten the environment, agriculture, and people’s health – and the threat is growing.
Sponsored by the Australian Government Department of the Environment and Water Resources.

Impact of global warming on biodiversity
Global warming on the scale predicted by scientists could have major consequences for Australia's biodiversity. Are we doing anything about it?
Sponsored by the Australian Government Department of the Environment and Water Resources.

Predicting natural events
The study of thresholds and pattern dynamics may be a key to unlocking our understanding of catastrophic climate change and other types of complex systems.
Sponsored by the Sir Mark Oliphant International Frontiers of Science and Technology Conference Series.

Bird flu – the pandemic clock is ticking
Diseases caused by viruses from animals are an ongoing threat to people's health. With the number of deaths in Asia from bird flu rising, scientists say it is only a matter of time before the next flu pandemic strikes.

The buzz about insect robots
Insects are a marvel of bioengineering. Scientists are studying how insects walk, fly and navigate their way in the world to overcome some of the obstacles in the development of robots.
Sponsored by the Sir Mark Oliphant International Frontiers of Science and Technology Conference Series.

Population and environment – what's the connection?
The world's population is growing, and many scientists and conservationists say that the natural environment is deteriorating as a result, but the relationship between environmental problems and human population growth is complex and not fully understood.
Sponsored by the Australian Academy of Science's Population and Environment Fund.

The dope on drug-impaired driving
Since the 1990s the prevalence of drug-impaired driving in Australia has increased and this has not gone unnoticed by police and politicians.
Sponsored by NRMA – ACT Road Safety Trust.

Putting on a good face – the chemistry of cosmetics
The pursuit of beauty has spawned a massive industry founded on the science of chemistry – the cosmetics industry.

Biology meets industry – genomics, proteomics, phenomics
The entry of information technology and robotics into the biology laboratory is opening the door to new ways of studying cell biology – the 'omics.
Sponsored by the Australian Proteome Analysis Facility and the Australian Phenomics Facility.

Warmer and sicker? Global warming and human health
Continued warming of the planet could have significant implications for human health. Coping with extreme heatwaves will be just one of our concerns.
Sponsored by the Australian Greenhouse Office.

Getting into hot water – global warming and rising sea levels
The 20th century saw the greatest increase in temperature of any century during the last thousand years, and the last decade was the warmest since records began. As the temperature rises, so does the sea level – with profound consequences for us all.
Sponsored by the Australian Greenhouse Office.

Bogged down in the four-wheel drive debate?
Four-wheel drives are becoming more common on the nation's roads, but there are questions about their impact on road safety and the environment.
Sponsored by NRMA – ACT Road Safety Trust.

Stem cells – gateway to 21st century medicine
Human embryonic stem cells burst into the headlines in 1998 and have made regular appearances ever since. Newspapers love controversy. But why is the issue so controversial?
Sponsored by the National Centre for Advanced Cell Engineering Facility.

Nanoscience – working small, thinking big
Nanoscience has the potential to reshape the world around us. It could lead to revolutionary breakthroughs in fields as diverse as manufacturing and health care. What is involved in working at the nanoscale?
Sponsored by Advanced Powder Technology.

Salinity – the awakening monster from the deep
Salinity is making more and more of our land unusable and our water undrinkable.
Sponsored by the CRC for Landscape Environments and Mineral Exploration.

Coral bleaching – will global warming kill the reefs?
Coral reefs are sensitive to environmental change. Recently, the frequency and distribution of coral bleaching have increased, and in 2002 the Great Barrier Reef experienced its worst case of coral bleaching on record.
Sponsored by the Australian Institute of Marine Science.

Driver fatigue – an accident waiting to happen
Although we often associate driver fatigue with long-haul truck drivers, it can affect all of us.
Sponsored by NRMA – ACT Road Safety Trust.

Synchrotrons – making the light fantastic
The Victorian Government is building a $206 million synchrotron in Melbourne. Why invest so much money in a machine that most people have never heard of?
Sponsored by the Australian Government's National Innovation Awareness Strategy and the Victorian Department of Innovation, Industry and Regional Development.

The shocking truth about road trauma
For every person killed on Australian roads, another eleven lie hurt in the trauma wards of the nation's hospitals.
Sponsored by NRMA – ACT Road Safety Trust.

Ethnomathematics – a rich cultural diversity
Advocates of ethnomathematics say it is helping different cultures to understand each other.
Sponsored by Pacific Resources for Education and Learning.

GPS and never having to say: 'Where am I?'
The Global Positioning System (GPS) has been operating successfully for over 10 years, allowing anyone with a receiver to work out exactly where they are.
Sponsored by the Australian Government's National Innovation Awareness Strategy.

Quiet please! Fighting noise pollution
Increases in the density of residential and commercial buildings, more traffic on the roads, and out-dated building regulations are all contributing to serious noise pollution in our cities.
Sponsored by the bequest of J S Anderson, FAA.

Bitumen battles – the phenomenon of road rage
Scientists are starting to study road rage for clues about the physiological and social causes of anti-social behaviour.
Sponsored by NRMA – ACT Road Safety Trust.

Virtual reality bytes – military uses of VR
The Australian Defence Force is blending the real and the virtual to train and equip defence personnel cost-effectively and safely.
Sponsored by the the Defence Science and Technology Organisation and the Australian Government Department of Education, Science and Training.

Making packaging greener – biodegradable plastics
Biodegradable plastics made with plant-based materials have been available for many years. Their high cost, however, has meant they have never replaced traditional non-degradable plastics in the mass market. A new Australian venture is producing affordable biodegradable plastics that might change all that.
Sponsored by the Australian Government's National Innovation Awareness Strategy.

Putting a finger on it – the loops and whorls of biometrics
Automated measurement techniques to verify a person’s identity are attracting widespread attention. In Australia, Woolworths and the banking industry are already using fingerprint identification technology.
Sponsored by the Australian Government's National Innovation Awareness Strategy.

Feeding the future – sustainable agriculture
With the population exceeding 6 billion and growing by about 6 million a month, the need to protect agricultural land and to increase food production has become critical. Does sustainable agriculture have the answers?
Sponsored by the CSIRO Division of Plant Industry and the bequest of J S Anderson, FAA.

Astronomy in the deep freeze
Astronomers are going to the coldest place on Earth to search for the heat radiated by distant objects in the universe.
Sponsored by the Australian Government's National Innovation Awareness Strategy.

The picture becomes clear for magnetic resonance imaging
Magnetic resonance imaging is increasing in importance as a tool for diagnosing illness and injury. Regulations in Victoria now require professional boxers to have an MRI brain scan every 3 years.
Sponsored by the Australian Government's National Innovation Awareness Strategy.

Which way ahead for hydrogen cars?
Rising petrol prices and diminishing oil supplies may drive motorists to demand alternative forms of fuel – such as hydrogen.
Sponsored by the Australian Government's National Innovation Awareness Strategy.

A fair cop! Accurate breath analysis and speed detection
Breath-testing and speed detection are vital for reducing the road toll, but they will only be effective if they can withstand the scrutiny of the legal system.
Sponsored by the National Standards Commission and the Australian Government's National Innovation Awareness Strategy.

Death-defying designs for car safety
Car crumple zones and airbags – designed to absorb crash energy – are contributing to a lower road toll.
Sponsored by NRMA – ACT Road Safety Trust.

Putting it together – the science and technology of composite materials
Light, strong and corrosion-resistant, composite materials are being used in an increasing number of products as more manufacturers discover the benefits of these versatile materials.
Sponsored by the Cooperative Research Centre for Advanced Composite Structures Ltd and the Australian Government's National Innovation Awareness Strategy.

Fatal impact – the physics of speeding cars
Recent studies show that driving even a few kilometres per hour above the speed limit greatly increases the risk of an accident.
Sponsored by NRMA – ACT Road Safety Trust.

Hydatids – when a dog is not man's best friend
Dogs are the main culprits in the spread of hydatids, a common but largely ignored disease in Australia that can kill people, livestock and wildlife.
Sponsored by the The Bayer Group in Australia and the bequest of J S Anderson, FAA.

Who will win the drugs race?
Catching drug cheats is essential if sports are to be conducted on a level playing field – and if deleterious health effects are to be avoided.
Sponsored by the Australian Government Analytical Laboratories and the bequest of J S Anderson, FAA.

Carbon currency – the credits and debits of carbon emissions trading
The Kyoto Protocol is the first step towards stabilising global emissions of carbon dioxide. But what is carbon emissions trading and will it limit the enhanced greenhouse effect?
Sponsored by the Australian Greenhouse Office.

Is Australian wildlife fair game?
Is the growing commercial use of Australian wildlife compatible with good conservation?
Sponsored by the Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation.

Calendars – keeping track of time
No matter which side you're on in the debate about when the new millennium begins, you'll find the history of the Western calendar fascinating.
Sponsored by Australian university mathematical sciences departments and the Australian Government's National Innovation Awareness Strategy.

Buckyballs – a new sphere of science
When buckyballs bounced onto the scene in 1985, they became an overnight sensation. More than a decade later, scientists are still trying to score goals with these extraordinary molecules.
Sponsored by the Australian Government's National Innovation Awareness Strategy.

Alcohol and cars – a volatile mix
Alcohol produces physiological effects on the human body that can turn safe drivers into potential killers.
Sponsored by NRMA – ACT Road Safety Trust.

Stock markets – putting your money where your math is
Unlocking the secret ‘codes’ of the stock market with some simple mathematics will help you understand the way our free-market economy operates.
Sponsored by the Australian Government's National Innovation Awareness Strategy.

Good prospects ahead for data mining
Using simple statistics and some sophisticated computational techniques, data miners are quarrying our vast reserves of raw data for little gems of knowledge.
Sponsored by Australian university mathematical sciences departments and the Australian Government's National Innovation Awareness Strategy.

Conservation genetics – molecular detectives at work
The new science of conservation genetics is providing important clues in the fight against the extinction of species.
Sponsored by the CRC for the Conservation and Management of Marsupials.

Can we count on your vote?
There are almost as many different voting systems in the world as there are elected assemblies. The one thing they all have in common is their reliance on mathematics to calculate the results.
Sponsored by Australian university mathematical sciences departments and the Australian Government's National Innovation Awareness Strategy.

Generating new ideas for meeting future energy needs
Concerns about the greenhouse effect, smog and energy security have led to increasing interest in energy sources such as hot dry rocks, wave power and hydrogen.
Sponsored by the Australian Government's National Innovation Awareness Strategy.

Sodicity – a dirty word in Australia
Soil sodicity hasn’t hit the headlines yet, but in terms of area and impact it far outweighs salinity as a problem in Australia.
Sponsored by the Cooperative Research Centre for Soil and Land Management and the Australian Government's National Innovation Awareness Strategy.

Biomass – the growing energy resource
Energy from biomass is sparking interest amongst scientists, policy makers and growers as they search for clean, renewable energy alternatives.
Sponsored by the Australian Government's National Innovation Awareness Strategy.

Calculating the threat of tsunami
On 26 December 2004, an earthquake measuring 9.3 on the Richter scale created a tsunami that led to the deaths of over 289,000 people living in coastal villages in Asia and Africa. Scientists have made important advances towards predicting tsunami by combining mathematics, geology and physics.
Sponsored by the Australian Government's National Innovation Awareness Strategy.

The mammal copiers – advances in cloning
The cloning of Dolly the sheep has stimulated discussion on the benefits and risks of the development of cloning techniques.
Sponsored by the Australian Government's National Innovation Awareness Strategy.

When the numbers just don't add up
Mathematics and statistics provide essential information for the operation of today's technocratic society. But beware: numbers can be fudged!
Sponsored by Australian university mathematical sciences departments and the Australian Government's National Innovation Awareness Strategy.

Integrated pest management – the good, the bad and the genetically modified
Twenty-five years ago cotton cultivation was abandoned in Western Australia's Ord River valley because of an uncontrollable infestation of two native caterpillars. Now researchers are trialling an integrated pest management strategy that could allow cotton to be grown there again.
Sponsored by AgrEvo.

The bitter-sweet taste of toxic substances
Household items such as bleach, disinfectant and detergent are an integral part of everyday life – and they are all potentially toxic. How can we minimise the risks they present?
Sponsored by the Australian Government Australian Safety and Compensation Council and the Australian Government's National Innovation Awareness Strategy.

The ups and downs of Australian air traffic control
The introduction of the Australian Advanced Air Traffic System brings the management of Australian skies into the computer age.
Sponsored by Airservices Australia and the Australian Government's National Innovation Awareness Strategy.

Monitoring the white death – soil salinity
New technology is being used to help monitor the extent of dryland salinity threatening large areas of Australia's agricultural zone.
Sponsored by the Land Monitor Project and the Australian Government's National Innovation Awareness Strategy.

Cleaner production – a solution to pollution?
What is cleaner production, and how can it help reduce pollution loads?
Sponsored by the Environment Protection Authority, Victoria and the Australian Government's National Innovation Awareness Strategy.

Measurement in sport – the long and the short of it
International sporting events require more than well-trained athletes. Behind the scenes, a wide range of scientific and technological wizardry are needed to ensure accurate measurements.
Sponsored by the National Standards Commission and the Australian Government's National Innovation Awareness Strategy.

Looking down the track at very fast trains
Australia still awaits a government decision on a very fast train link between our major cities. Worldwide, the debate continues about the merits of different kinds of very fast train.
Sponsored by the Australian Government's National Innovation Awareness Strategy.

Wind power gathers speed
Wind power is set to become an important means of generating electricity worldwide.
Sponsored by Pacific Power and the Australian Government's National Innovation Awareness Strategy.

Pointing the bone at osteoporosis
Think this is a disease that only affects old people? The reality may be closer to the bone than you think.
Sponsored by Milk Marketing (NSW).

Mobile phones – communications on the go
Australia's mobile phone system is now into its third generation. But what is 3G, and how do mobile phones work anyway?
Sponsored by the Australian Government's National Innovation Awareness Strategy.

Looking for clues to our mineral wealth
In late 1997, Australian scientists announced the discovery of what they believe to be the richest gold deposit ever found. The gold is contained in 'black smokers' – volcanic chimneys found on the ocean floor.
Sponsored by the Australian Geodynamics Cooperative Research Centre and the Australian Government's National Innovation Awareness Strategy.

When bugs have you on the run
Consumers are demanding food with fewer chemical preservatives and additives – this means that good hygiene and safe storage conditions will have to play an even more important role in preventing food poisoning.
Sponsored by the Cooperative Research Centre for International Food Manufacture and Packaging Science

Getting our heads around the brain
Neuroscience has been described as the last great frontier of human biology – in fact NASA's most recent mission, Neurolab, was devoted to investigations involving the nervous system. Australian neuroscientists are among the leaders in brain research.
Sponsored by the Howard Florey Institute of Experimental Physiology and Medicine

Fuelling the 21st century
Fuel cells are an efficient and low-polluting way to generate power. The Australian Technology Park in Sydney has installed Australia's first commercial fuel cell.
Sponsored by the Australian Government's National Innovation Awareness Strategy

Singing the praises of colony stimulating factors
An Australian researcher's discovery of colony stimulating factors led to their widespread use to prevent infection in cancer chemotherapy patients and AIDS patients.
Sponsored by the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research

The Southern Ocean and global climate
Research shows that the Southern Ocean is crucial to the world's climate system.
Sponsored by the Cooperative Research Centre for Antarctica and the Southern Ocean
and the Australian Government's National Innovation Awareness Strategy.

Cochlear implants – wiring for sound
Australian researchers are helping deaf people to hear – the majority of the world's cochlear implant recipients use a device manufactured here.
Sponsored by the Bionic Ear Institute and the Cooperative Research Centre for Cochlear Implant and Hearing Aid Innovation.

El Niño – riding the climate roller coaster
It seems that El Niño and La Niña are here to stay. What are they and how do they affect Australia's climate?
Sponsored by the Cooperative Research Centre for Southern Hemisphere Meteorology and the Australian Government's National Innovation Awareness Strategy

Kissing the Epstein-Barr virus goodbye?
Glandular fever, a common disease in teenagers, is caused by the Epstein-Barr virus. Australian research on the Epstein-Barr virus has led to a glandular fever vaccine, which is currently being trialled.
Sponsored by the Cooperative Research Centre for Vaccine Technology

Immunisation – protecting our children from disease
The latest figures show that 91 per cent of Australian children are immunised. This is a vast improvement over the 53 per cent recorded in 1995.
Sponsored by the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research

Enhanced greenhouse effect – a hot international issue
The Kyoto Protocol put the enhanced greenhouse effect in the spotlight. But what is the enhanced greenhouse effect and what are we doing about it?.
Sponsored by BHP

Toxic algal blooms – a sign of rivers under stress
Toxic algal blooms pose a serious threat to Australia's already embattled waterways and are the subject of much scientific research.
Sponsored by BHP

Local air pollution begins at home
Local air pollution is a major health threat. It ranges in scale from cigarette smoke in a house to the photochemical smog that can cover a city.
Sponsored by BHP

Malaria – a growing threat
Australia is certified free of malaria by the World Health Organization, but elsewhere it is a killer. Australian researchers are currently working on a vaccine against malaria.
Sponsored by the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research

More food, cleaner food – gene technology and plants
Gene technology, also known as genetic engineering, involves manipulating or transferring genetic material within or between organisms. It has the potential to improve agricultural yields and reduce the application of pesticides.
Sponsored by the CSIRO Division of Plant Industry

Communicating with light – fibre optics
The Prime Minister’s Prize for 2004 was awarded to an optical physicist for the development of a photonic wire 100 times smaller than existing optical fibres that will revolutionise the way we communicate.
Sponsored by the University of Melbourne and the Institute of Advanced Studies, Australian National University

Australia's threatened species
Even though many species in Australia have become extinct since European settlement, there are also success stories such as the recent propagation of the Wollemi pine.
Anonymous donor

The rise and rise of asthma
Australia has one of the highest rates of asthma in the world. It is a complex disease which is still not fully understood.
Sponsored by ACT Healthpact

Sun and skin – a dangerous combination
With its sunny climate and predominantly pale-skinned population, Australia has the world’s highest rate of skin cancer. But with early detection, most skin cancers can now be cured.
Sponsored by ACT Healthpact

Earth's sunscreen – the ozone layer
The ozone layer screens out the sun’s harmful ultraviolet radiation. Can we reverse its destruction?
Sponsored by the Australian Government's National Innovation Awareness Strategy

Harnessing direct solar energy – a progress report
We often hear about solar car challenges and solar heating, but will solar energy ever be a major energy source for industrial societies?
Sponsored by the Australian Government's National Innovation Awareness Strategy

The Human Genome Project – discovering the human blueprint
In what has been called the Everest of modern biology, scientists from around the world have worked together to unravel and record the entire set of human genetic instructions.
Sponsored by the Australian Government's National Innovation Awareness Strategy

A plague on the pest – rabbit calicivirus disease and biological control
The accidental release of the rabbit calicivirus from Wardang Island in October 1995 is yet another development in the story of Australia's efforts to control pests.
Sponsored by the Australian Government's National Innovation Awareness Strategy

Prospect or suspect – uranium mining in Australia
Australia has deposits of many valuable minerals, including nearly one-third of the world's readily recoverable uranium resources. Should there be limitations on the mining of Australia's uranium?
Sponsored by the Australian Government's National Innovation Awareness Strategy


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