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International Agricultural Trade
Overview
International agricultural trade has been described as inexplicable, exasperating, and the most distorted segment of the global economy. Nevertheless, it is important to agricultural producers, and that importance grows as production surpasses domestic demand. The U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA's) Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS) reports that the United States is the world's largest agricultural exporter with nearly one quarter of farm cash receipts coming from export markets. International agricultural trade is a complex subject that involves many different facets of international and domestic law, including international treaties and agreements, domestic trade laws, and general policy decisions. This overview focuses on these broad concepts in the large, intricate subject area of international agricultural trade.
Read the full overview
Note: Recently added resources are posted at the top of the applicable sections.
Major Statutes
Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act, 7 U.S.C. §§ 1691-1738r
Uruguay Round Trade Agreements Act, 19 U.S.C. §§ 3501-3624
Agriculture-Related Provisions, 19 U.S.C. §§ 3601-3624
Foreign Market Development, 7 U.S.C. §§ 1761-1769
Surplus Disposal of Agricultural Commodities, 7 U.S.C. §§ 1854-1860
Agricultural Trade Suspension Adjustment Act, 7 U.S.C. §§ 4001-4005
Agricultural Trade Act of 1978, 7 U.S.C. §§ 5601-5723
Bipartisan Trade Promotion Authority Act of 2002 19 U.S.C. §§ 3801-3813
North American Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act, 19 U.S.C. 3301-3473
Tariff Act of 1930, 19 U.S.C. §§ 1202-1681b
Regulations
Export Sales Reporting Requirements, 7 C.F.R. §§ 20.1-20.12
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Regulations, 7 C.F.R. §§ 300-380
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Regulations, 9 C.F.R. §§ 1-167
Commodity Credit Corporation Regulations to Develop Foreign Markets
, 7 C.F.R. §§ 1484-1485
Foreign Agriculture Service Regulations, 7 C.F.R. §§ 1520-1570
Food Safety and Inspection Service Import Regulations, 9 C.F.R §§ 327.1-327.26
Food Safety and Inspection Service Export Regulations, 9 C.F.R. §§ 322.1-322.5
Federal Register Rules Open for Comment
Center published Federal Register Digest
Case Law
Case Summaries from the National AgLaw Reporter
Desert Glory, Ltd. v. United States (2005) (antidumping investigation notice)
Than Viet Do v. United States Secretary of Agriculture (2006) (Trade Adjustment Assistance)
Piazza's Seafood World, LLC v. Odom (2006) (state labeling statute)
United States v. Norris (2006) (CITES sentencing)
An Giang Agriculture and Food Import Export Company v. United States (2004)
(Dep't of Commerce statutory authority)
Center Research Publications
International Legal Issues Concerning Animal Cloning and Nanotechnology -- More of the Same
or Are "The Times They Are A-Changin'"? (Roberts, 2008)
Private Standards in the Global Food Sector: Relationship to WTO Agreements -
PowerPoint Presentation (Roberts, 2008)
Introduction to Food Law in the People's Republic of China (Roberts, 2007)
A Comparison of International Animal Identification Programs (Pendergrass, 2007)
Summary of the WTO Interim Report in EC-Biotech (Peck, 2006)
From the Farm to the Factory: An Overview of the American and European
Approaches to Regulation of the Beef Industry (Houston, 2006)
World Trade Organization and the Commodity Title of the Next Farm Bill: A Practioner's View
(O'Brien, 2006)
Administrative Law Decisions
USDA Office of the Administrative Law Judges
USDA Office of the Judicial Officer
USDA National Appeals Division
Center published USDA Judicial Officer's Decisions
U.S. Customs and Border Protection Rulings
U.S. International Trade Commission Investigations
Congressional Research Service Reports
CRS Subject(s):
Trade - Agreements
Trade - Disputes
Trade - Miscellaneous
Trade - Sanctions
Reference Resources
USDA
Import and Export (APHIS)
Economic Research Service:
Publications: Changing Structure of Global Food Consumption and Trade (2001)
Eliminating Fruit and Vegetable Planting Restrictions: How Would Markets Be Affected?
Briefing Room: Global Food Markets
Briefing Room: Global Resources and Productivity
Publications: Food Sector/Product Trade
Publications: Policy Topics/Trade Policy
Publications: Trade & International Markets
Publications: International
Publications: Food Safety and International Trade: Research Briefs
Briefing Room: U.S. Agricultural Trade
Briefing Room: World Trade Organization
Briefing Room: North American Free Trade Agreement
Topic: International Agriculture
Topic: Trade & International Markets
Topic: Trade Policy
Publications: Trade
Publications: Agricultural Markets/Trade Projections
International Agriculture Reports
U.S. Agricultural Trade Reports
Foreign Agricultural Trade of the United States
International Animal Export Regulations (APHIS-VS)
Farm Bill 2002 Agricultural Trade and Aid
Animal and Plant Inspection Service
Foreign Agricultural Service
National Organic Program Trade Issues (Agricultural Marketing Service)
Other Congressional Resources
Reports on International Agricultural Trade (Government Accountability Office)
Other Federal Resources
U.S. Customs and Border Protection
Protecting the Food Supply: Agriculture Inspections
Publications: Trade
Import Quotas
Informed Compliance Publications
Agricultural Marketing Service Importation Inspection Requirement
Bringing Agricultural Products into the U.S.
Summary of Agricultural Laws Enforced
Department of State
Importing Agricultural Products
Trade Topics
WTO and Agriculture
Office of Agriculture, Biotechnology, and Textile Trade Affairs
Office of the U.S. Trade Representative
Agriculture Sector
Monitoring and Enforcement: Dispute Settlement
Regulating Pesticides: International Issues (EPA)
U.S. Court of International Trade
Agriculture (U.S. Agency for International Development)
U.S. Trade and Development Agency
Industry Profiles (International Trade Data System)
Publications
Should the Green Box Be Modified? (International Food & Agricultural Trade Policy Council, 2007)
Food Aid and Commercial International Food Trade (Barrett, 2002)
Competition Policy and International Agricultural Trade (MacLaren & Josling)
International Agricultural Trade Disputes: Case Studies in North America (Schmitz et al., 2003)
Right to Food Principles Vis a Vis Rules Governing International Trade (Gray 2003)
The Limits of American Generosity (Bahla, 2006)
Agriculture in the Doha Agenda (Messerlin, World Bank, 2003)
Global Marketplace Agricultural Products Legal Aspects (PA Dept. of Ag., 2001)
Structural Change as a Source of Trade Disputes Under NAFTA
(Loyns et al., Agricultural and Food Policy Systems Information Workshop, 2002)
International Trade in Ag Products: A Research Guide (Peoples, OK City U., 2004)
Additional Resources
Delegation of the European Union to the USA: Trade Policy
Basic Info and Online Sources for NAFTA and CAFTA Research (Avalos and Garmon)
Global Beef Trade: Effects of Animal Health, Sanitary, Food Safety, and Other Measures on
U.S. Beef Exports (U.S. Int'l Trade Comm'n)
The German Marshall Fund of the United States
Glossary of Customs Terms (Automated System for Customs Data)
Trade (World Bank)
World Bank Documents & Reports on Agricultural Trade
International Chamber of Commerce: Commercial Law and Practice
International Chamber of Commerce: Trade and Investment
Agri-Food Trade Policy (Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada)
International Agricultural Trade and Policy Center (U. of FL)
International Agricultural Trade Research Consortium
International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development
International Food and Agricultural Trade Policy Council
International Trade Law (World Legal Information Institute)
International Trade Law (Legal Information Institute - Cornell)
Lex Mercatoria International Trade Law
National Law Center for Inter-American Free Trade
Activities of the European Union - Agriculture
Activities of the European Union - Summaries of Legislation - Agriculture
Agricultural Markets (European Commission)
Delegation of the European Union to the USA: Agriculture Trade Policy
Delegation of the European Union to the USA: Food Safety, Health & Consumer Affairs Policy
World Trade Organization
Agriculture
Dispute Issues
United Nations Commission on International Trade Law
United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods
(Pace U. School of Law)
NAFTA Decisions
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Directorate for Food, Ag & Fisheries
Agricultural Trade (The World Bank Group)
International Trade Regulation of Agricultural Products (Infography, Fields of Knowledge)
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