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MSH80_aerial_crater_steaming_vent_10-17-80.jpg

USGS Photograph taken on October 17, 1980, by Terry Leighley, Sandia Labs.
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MSH80_crater_steaming_vent_10-17-80.jpg

USGS Photograph taken on October 17, 1980, by Terry Leighley, Sandia Labs.
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MSH80_crater_steaming_vent_closein_10-17-80.jpg

USGS Photograph taken on October 17, 1980, by Terry Leighley, Sandia Labs.
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MSH80_new_dome_growing_10-18-80.jpg
The eruption on October 16, 1980, blasted away the lava dome which developed after the August 7, 1980 eruption. Two days later, on October 18, a new dome began to grow. This was the beginning of the current dome which exists today.
USGS Photograph taken on October 18, 1980, by Terry Leighley, Scandia Labs.
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MSH80_new_dome_in_crater_10-21-80_bw.jpg
The new dome in Mount St. Helens' crater. Image converted to black/white for clarity.
USGS Photograph taken on October 21, 1980, by Lyn Topinka.
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MSH80_aerial_new_dome_from_east_10-22-80.jpg
Aerial view of Mount St. Helens' new dome, as seen from the east.
USGS Photograph taken on October 22, 1980, by Terry Leighley, Sandia Labs.
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MSH80_new_dome_from_ground_10-22-80.jpg
Mount St. Helens new dome as seen from the ground.
USGS Photograph taken on October 22, 1980, by Terry Leighley, Sandia Labs.
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MSH80_new_dome_from_ground_USGS_scientist­_10-22-80.jpg
Mount St. Helens' new dome, with USGS scientist for scale.
USGS Photograph taken on October 22, 1980, by Terry Leighley, Sandia Labs.
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MSH80_october_dome_10-24-80.jpg
A new dome started growing on October 18,1980. This October dome was 112 feet (34 meters) high and 985 feet (300 meters) wide, making it taller than a nine-story building and wider than the length of three football fields. This aerial view is from the north. This dome was not the first dome to grow in the crater. In June and August 1980, two domes formed, ony to be blasted away by the explosive events of July 22 and October 16.
USGS Photograph taken on October 24, 1980, by Terry Leighley, Scandia Labs.
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MSH80_new_dome_11-26-80.jpg
A new dome started growing on October 18, 1980. This October dome was 112 feet (34 meters) high and 985 feet (300 meters) wide, making it taller than a nine-story building and wider than the length of three football fields. This dome was not the first dome to grow in the crater. In June and August 1980, two domes formed, ony to be blasted away by the explosive events of July 22 and October 16.
USGS Photograph taken on November 26, 1980, by Don Swanson.
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MSH81_USGS_scientists_put_targets_on_dome_05-12-81.jpg
Two USGS scientists (left middle) install targets and prism reflectors on Mount St. Helens dome.
USGS Photograph taken on May 12, 1981, by Lyn Topinka.
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MSH81_USGS_scientists_measure_radial_crack_base_dome_05-12-81.jpg
The U.S. Geological Survey established both periodic and continuous 24-hour monitoring programs at Mount St. Helens to study and predict eruptions. In this slide, geologists used a steel tape to measure the distance across a crack on the crater floor. Widening of cracks was an indication that magma was rising and deforming the area, leading to an eruption. These cracks were generally radial to the dome, like spokes of a wheel.
USGS Photograph taken on May 12, 1981, by Lyn Topinka.
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MSH81_USGS_scientists_measure_thrust_fault_05-12-81.jpg
Two USGS scientists measure thrust fault at base of Mount St. Helens' dome.
USGS Photograph taken on May 12, 1981, by Lyn Topinka.
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MSH81_sulfur_on_rocks_crater_floor_05-12-81.jpg
Sulfur on rocks, crater floor. See also MSH84_USGS_on_SepLobe_with_sulfur_10-02-84_med.jpg for a similar type image (below).
USGS Photograph taken on May 12, 1981, by Lyn Topinka.
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MSH81_new_lobe_spreading_center_from_west_06-26-81.jpg
Betweem 1980 and 1986, Mount St. Helens' dome grew in different ways. From 1980 through 1982 the dome grew in periodic extrusions of stubby lava flows, called lobes. This pattern changed in February 1983, when growth became continuous and mostly endogenous (internal). Perioidic lobe growth, along with endogenous growth, resumed in early 1984. Pictured here is an aerial view of Mount St. Helens' dome and the June 1981 lobe with its "spreading center". A spreading center is the area from which new lava slowly emerges during lobe growth. During this time frame Mount St. Helens' lobes grew at a rate of 3 to 10 feet per hour (1-3 meters/hour)
USGS Photograph taken on June 26, 1981, by Dan Dzurisin.
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MSH81_lava_dome_in_st_helens_crater_08-04-81.jpg
Aerial view, Mount St. Helens' lava dome.
USGS Photograph taken on August 4, 1981, by Lyn Topinka.
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MSH81_installing_seismic_station_base_dome_08-04-81.jpg
Geologists install a seismic station near the dome. The U.S. Geological Survey, in conjunction with the University of Washington, maintained seismic stations at Mount St. Helens. An increase in seismicity (earthquakes) was often the first precursor to an approaching eruption.
USGS Photograph taken on August 4, 1981, by Gene Iwatsubo.
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MSH81_monitoring_dome_crater_floor_08-22-81.jpg
Monitoring the dome from the crater floor, north of the dome -- summer.
USGS Photograph taken on August 22, 1981, by Lyn Topinka.
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MSH81_st_helens_dome_from_deepthroat_08-22-81.jpg
Mount St. Helens' lava dome in August 1981, as viewed from a photo station "Deepthroat", 1/2 mile (0.8 kilometers) away. In this view the dome is 535 feet (163 meters) high and nearly 1/4 mile (0.4 kilometers) wide, making it taller than a 44-story building (or, nearly the height of the Washington Monument) and wider than the length of four football fields. Compare with image taken August 12, 1985 from the same location with the same camera.
USGS Photograph taken on August 22, 1981, by Lyn Topinka.
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MSH81_hot_spots_on_dome_08-22-81.jpg
Hot spots on the dome.
USGS Photograph taken on August 22, 1981, by Lyn Topinka.
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MSH81_dome_from_west_09-07-81.jpg
June 1981 lobe. View from the west.
USGS Photograph taken on September 07, 1981, by Lyn Topinka.
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MSH81_dome_from_east_09-07-81.jpg
September 1981 lobe. View from the east.
USGS Photograph taken on September 07, 1981, by Lyn Topinka.
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MSH81_spreading_center_sept81_lobe_09-11-81.jpg
Spreading center, September 1981 lobe.
USGS Photograph taken on September 11, 1981, by Don Swanson.
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MSH82_st_helens_plume_from_harrys_ridge_05-19-82.jpg
Plumes of steam, gas, and ash often occured at Mount St. Helens in the early 1980s. On clear days they could be seen from Portland, Oregon, 50 miles (81 kilometers) to the south. The plume photographed here rose nearly 3,000 feet (1,000 meters) above the volcano's rim. The view is from Harrys Ridge, five miles (8 kilometers) north of the mountain.
USGS Photograph taken on May 19, 1982, by Lyn Topinka.
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MSH82_dome_camera_station_from_deepthroat_05-19-82.jpg
Mount St. Helens' lava dome as seen from "Deepthroat", approximately 1 kilometer north of the dome. A time-lapse camera is in the foreground.
USGS Photograph taken on May 19, 1982, by Lyn Topinka.
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MSH82_dome_camera_station_from_deepthroat_05-19-82_bw.jpg
Mount St. Helens' lava dome as seen from "Deepthroat", approximately 1 kilometer north of the dome. A time-lapse camera is in the foreground.
USGS Photograph taken on May 19, 1982, by Lyn Topinka.
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MSH82_aerial_st_helens_from_north_05-24-82_bw.jpg
Aerial view of Mount St. Helens as seen from over Harrys Ridge, 5 miles to the north. Spirit Lake is in the lower left. Mount Hood, Oregon, can be seen in the background, upper left.
USGS Photograph taken on May 24, 1982, by Robert Krimmel.
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MSH82_st_helens_from_harrys_ridge_09-01-82_bw.jpg
Mount St. Helens as seen from Harrys Ridge, 5 miles to the north.
USGS Photograph taken on September 1, 1982, by Lyn Topinka.
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MSH82_dome_new_lobe_from_deepthroat_09-01-82_bw.jpg
Mount St. Helens' lava dome with new August 1982 lobe (right) as seen from "Deepthroat", approximately 1 kilometer north of the dome.
USGS Photograph taken on September 1, 1982, by Lyn Topinka.
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MSH83_crater_dome_new_lobe_from_harrys_ridge_02-11-83.jpg
Mount St. Helens' crater, lava dome, and new lobe on the east, as seen from Harrys Ridge.
USGS Photograph taken on February 11, 1983, by Lyn Topinka.
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MSH83_crater_dome_spine_from_harrys_ridge_03-02-83.jpg
Mount St. Helens' crater, lava dome, and spine on new lobe on the east, as seen from Harrys Ridge.
USGS Photograph taken on March 2, 1983, by Lyn Topinka.
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MSH83_dome_and_spine_from_south_03-02-83.jpg
Mount St. Helens' dome with new spine, as seen from the south.
USGS Photograph taken on March 2, 1983, by Lyn Topinka.
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MSH83_st_helens_with_ash_steam_plume_04-04-83.jpg
Ash and steam plume at Mount St. Helens, as seen from the Pumice Plain.
USGS Photograph taken on April 4, 1983, by Pat Pringle.
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MSH83_aerial_crater_dome_from_south_04-15-83.jpg
Mount St. Helens' crater and dome as seen from over the south crater rim. Spirit Lake is off to the upper right with Mount Rainier volcano in the distance.
USGS Photograph taken on April 15, 1983, by Lyn Topinka.
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MSH83_ash_steam_plume_from_dome_04-29-83.jpg
Small ash and steam plume from top of Mount St. Helens dome. View from the south crater floor.
USGS Photograph taken on April 29, 1983, by Lyn Topinka.
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MSH83_ash_steam_plume_from_dome_closeup_04-29-83.jpg
Closeup of small ash and steam plume from top of Mount St. Helens dome. View from the south crater floor.
USGS Photograph taken on April 29, 1983, by Lyn Topinka.
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MSH83_lava_dome_from_NE_05-26-83.jpg
Aerial view Mount St. Helens' lava dome as seen from the northeast.
USGS Photograph taken on May 26, 1983, by Lyn Topinka.
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MSH83_USGS_scientists_on_south_side_of_dome_05-26-83.jpg
Two U.S. Geological Survey geologists (one in orange, middle right, near base of dome, inside yellow circle) are dwarfed by the dome. The geologists stand on snow muddied from recent ashfall. By 1987, the dome had replaced only three percent of the volume removed by the May 18, 1980 eruption. If that rate of growth had continued it would have taken over 200 years to rebuild Mount St. Helens to its pre-1980 size. Instead, Mount St. Helens entered a quiet period which continued until 2004.
USGS Photograph taken on May 26, 1983, by Lyn Topinka.
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MSH84_st_helens_dome_from_step_02-84.jpg
Mount St. Helens' dome, as seen from Step, north of the dome.
USGS Photograph taken in February 1984, by David Wieprecht.
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MSH84_harrys_ridge_and_st_helens_03-22-84.jpg
In addition to monitoring stations within Mount St. Helens' crater, the U.S. Geological Survey also maintained a network of monitoring stations around the base of the volcano. Angle and distance measurements to the volcano's flanks were taken periodically to watch for any deformation similar to the 1980 bulge. Pictured here is the station Harry's Ridge, 5 miles north of Mount St. Helens' crater.
USGS Photograph taken on March 22, 1984, by Lyn Topinka.
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MSH84_USGS_scientists_survey_the_dome_05-26-84.jpg
U.S. Geological Survey geologists use a theodolite and EDM (Electronic Distance Meter) to measure angles and slope-distances to the lava dome. Changes in these angles and distances are used to calculate "deformation rates". An increase in deformation rates is an indication that magma is slowly entering the dome. In the early 1980s deformation rates often reached 30 feet per hour (10 meters/hour) as magma rose and the dome expanded before extrusion started. During the winter months, the instrument stations often had to be dug out of the snow before measurements could be made.
USGS Photograph taken on May 26, 1984, by Lyn Topinka.
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MSH84_st_helens_crater_dome_from_NNW_09-13-84.jpg
Since December 1980, eruptions of Mount St. Helens have added material to a dacitic lava dome with the crater, as seen here in this 1984 view from the north-northwest.
USGS Photograph taken on September 13, 1984, by Lyn Topinka.
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MSH84_USGS_on_SepLobe_with_sulfur_10-02-84.jpg
USGS Scientist on September Lobe. Sulfur on dome rocks in the foreground. See also MSH81_sulfur_on_rocks_crater_floor_05-12-81_med.jpg for a similar type image (above).
USGS Photograph taken on October 2, 1984, by David Wieprecht.
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MSH84_sulphur_deposit_top_september_lobe_10-02-84.jpg
Sulphur deposits, top of "September Lobe", a lobe of Mount St. Helens' dome which was formed a month earlier.
USGS Photograph taken on October 2, 1984, by David Wieprecht.
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MSH85_dome_from_south_05-17-85.jpg
Aerial view, Mount St. Helens' lava dome as seen from the south. Spirit Lake is visible in the upper right.
USGS Photograph taken on May 17, 1985, by Lyn Topinka.
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MSH85_st_helens_dome_from_deepthroat_08-12-85.jpg
Mount St. Helens' lava dome as viewed from the "Deepthroat" station after five years of growth. The lava dome was 755 feet (230 meters) high and 1/2 mile (0.8 kilometers) wide in this view, making it taller than a 66-story building and almost as wide as the length of nine football fields. The dome completely fills the camera's field of view. Compare with image taken August 22, 1981 from the same location with the same camera.
USGS Photograph taken on August 12, 1985, by Lyn Topinka.
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MSH85_dome_with_yellowrock_station_08-12-85.jpg
Mount St. Helens' lava dome as viewed from the "Yellow Rock" station.
USGS Photograph taken on August 12, 1985, by Lyn Topinka.
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MSH85_dome_from_guacamole_08-12-85.jpg
Mount St. Helens' lava dome as viewed from the "Guacamole" station, on the west side of Steps.
USGS Photograph taken on August 12, 1985, by Lyn Topinka.
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MSH86_dome_graben_new_lobe_from_SE_04-20-86.jpg
Aerial shot, Mount St. Helens' crater, dome, graben, and new lobe, from the southeast.
USGS Photograph taken on April 20, 1986, by Lyn Topinka.
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MSH86_guacamole_tower_crater_dome_04-20-86.jpg
Mount St. Helens crater and dome with the Guacamole Reflector Tower.
USGS photograph taken on April 20, 1986, by Lyn Topinka.
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MSH86_dome_from_guacamole_tower_04-20-86.jpg
Mount St. Helens dome from Guacamole Tower.
USGS photograph taken on April 20, 1986, by Lyn Topinka.
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MSH86_aerial_st_helens_from_north_05-16-86.jpg
Aerial shot, Mount St. Helens' crater from the north.
USGS Photograph taken on May 16, 1986, by Lyn Topinka.
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MSH86_dome_avalanche_from_north_05-16-86.jpg
Aerial shot, Mount St. Helens' crater and dome, with avalanche, from the north.
USGS Photograph taken on May 16, 1986, by Lyn Topinka.
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MSH86_st_helens_night_shot_new_lobe_10-22-86.jpg
The last dome-building eruption of Mount St. Helens during the 1980s occurred in October 1986. A new lobe was extruded, increasing the dome's height to 925 feet (282 meters), making it taller than a 77-story building. In volume, the dome was nearly 40 times the size of Seattle's Kingdome stadium. In this 30-minute, moon-lit exposure, hot rock from the new lobe is seen glowing on top of the dome. The view is from Harrys Ridge, five miles (8 kilometers) north of the volcano.
USGS Photograph taken on October 22, 1986, by Lyn Topinka.
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MSH86_crater_dome_from_NE_10-28-86.jpg
Mount St. Helens' crater and dome, with new lobe, as seen from the northeast.
USGS Photograph taken on October 28, 1986, by Lyn Topinka.
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MSH86_top_dome_from_SW_10-28-86.jpg
Top of Mount St. Helens' dome, with new lobe, as seen from the southwest. Spirit Lake is just visible in the background.
USGS Photograph taken on October 28, 1986, by Lyn Topinka.
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MSH86_dome_from_south_wideangle_11-04-86.jpg
Aerial shot, Mount St. Helens' crater and dome from the south, with wideangle camera lens. Spirit Lake is in the distance with Mount Rainier in the far distance.
USGS Photograph taken on November 4, 1986, by Lyn Topinka.
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MSH87_aerial_st_helens_crater_dome_from_SE_05-06-87.jpg
Aerial view, Mount St. Helens' crater and dome as seen from the southeast.
USGS Photograph taken on May 6, 1987, by Lyn Topinka.
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MSH87_st_helens_from_harrys_ridge_05-06-87.jpg
Mount St. Helens as seen from Harrys Ridge, 5 miles to the north.
USGS Photograph taken on May 6, 1987, by Lyn Topinka.
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MSH87_st_helens_crater_from_harrys_ridge_05-06-87.jpg
Mount St. Helens crater and dome as seen from Harrys Ridge, 5 miles to the north.
USGS Photograph taken on May 6, 1987, by Lyn Topinka.
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MSH88_st_helens_with_rockslide_west_crater_wall_03-17-88.jpg
Aerial view, Mount St. Helens crater and dome, with March 1988 rockfall from west crater wall.
USGS Photograph taken on March 17, 1988, by Lyn Topinka.
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MSH88_st_helens_with_rockslide_west_crater_wall_03-17-88_bw.jpg
Aerial view, Mount St. Helens crater and dome, with March 1988 rockfall from west crater wall.
USGS Photograph taken on March 17, 1988, by Lyn Topinka.
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MSH89_aerial_st_helens_from_north_05-05-89.jpg
Aerial shot, Mount St. Helens' crater and dome from the north.
USGS Photograph taken on May 5, 1989, by Lyn Topinka.
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MSH89_mount_st_helens_from_harrys_ridge_05-15-89.jpg
Mount St. Helens' crater and dome from Harrys Ridge.
USGS Photograph taken on May 15, 1989, by Lyn Topinka.
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MSH89_crater_dome_from_harrys_ridge_05-15-89_bw.jpg
Mount St. Helens' crater and dome from Harrys Ridge.
USGS Photograph taken on May 15, 1989, by Lyn Topinka.
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Mount St. Helens 2004 Eruption Images - includes the Lava Dome

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