LOW PATHOGENIC "NORTH AMERICAN" H5N1 AVIAN INFLUENZA STRAIN IN WILD BIRDS
PRESUMPTIVE AND CONFIRMED TEST RESULTS
PRESUMPTIVE AND CONFIRMED TEST RESULTS
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LOW PATHOGENIC "NORTH AMERICAN" H5N1 AVIAN INFLUENZA STRAIN IN WILD BIRDS PRESUMPTIVE AND CONFIRMED TEST RESULTS |
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| Printable version of table |
| DATE SAMPLE COLLECTED |
COUNTY, STATE |
WILD BIRD SPECIES SAMPLED |
SAMPLE STRATEGY1 |
COLLECTING ENTITY |
NATIONAL VETERINARY SERVICES LABORATORIES PRESUMPTIVE POSITIVE TEST RESULTS |
NATIONAL VETERINARY SERVICES LABORATORIES CONFIRMATORY TEST RESULTS |
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POSITIVE2 H5 |
POSITIVE N1 |
INITIAL GENETIC3 SEQUENCING |
VIRUS ISOLATION4 |
PATHOGENICITY5 |
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| 12/29/08 | Goshen, WY | Canada goose | Hunter killed | USDA | Yes | Yes | Not related to HPAI H5N1; Suspected LPAI | Testing underway | Testing underway |
| 12/11/08 | Barton, KS | Mallard | Hunter killed | Kansas Dept. of Wildlife & Parks | Yes | Yes | Not related to HPAI H5N1; Suspected LPAI | H6N1 | Not applicable |
| 11/21/08 | Wabasha, MN | Mallard | Hunter killed | MN Dept of Natural Resources | Yes | Yes | Not related to HPAI H5N1; Suspected LPAI | Testing underway | Testing underway |
| 11/12/08 | Clark, WA | Northern Shoveler | Hunter killed | USDA | Yes | Yes | Not related to HPAI H5N1; Suspected LPAI | Testing underway | Testing underway |
| 11/6/08 | Columbia, OR | American Wigeon | Hunter killed | USDA | Yes | Yes | Not related to HPAI H5N1; Suspected LPAI | Testing underway | Testing underway |
| 11/4/08 | Stoddard, MO | Northern pintail | Hunter killed | MO Dept. of Conservation | Yes | Yes | No readable sequence; suspected LPAI | Testing underway | Testing underway |
| 11/3/08 | Saline, MO | Mallard | Hunter killed | USFWS | Yes | Yes | Not related to HPAI H5N1; Suspected LPAI | H6N2 | Not applicable |
| 11/1/08 | Butte, CA | Northern pintail | Hunter killed | CA Dept. of Fish and Game | Yes | Yes | Not related to HPAI H5N1; Suspected LPAI | No virus isolated | Not applicable |
| 10/26/08 | Mason, IL | Northern pintail | Hunter killed | IL Dept of Natural Resources/USDA | Yes | Yes | Not related to HPAI H5N1; Suspected LPAI | Testing underway | Testing underway |
| 10/26/08 | Saint Clair, MI | Northern Northern pintail | Hunter killed | MI Dept of Natural Resources | Yes | Yes | Not related to HPAI H5N1; Suspected LPAI | Testing underway | Testing underway |
| 10/25/08 | Grundy, IL | Mallard | Hunter killed | USDA | Yes | Yes | Not related to HPAI H5N1; Suspected LPAI | Testing underway | Testing underway |
| 10/19/08 | Carroll, IL | American Green-winged teal | Hunter killed | USDA | Yes | Yes | No readable sequence; suspected LPAI | Testing underway | Testing underway |
| 9/29/08 | Saginaw, MI | Mallard | Live birds | USFWS | Yes | Yes | Not related to HPAI H5N1; Suspected LPAI | No virus isolated | Not applicable |
| 9/20/08 | Butler, IA | Mallard | Hunter killed | USDA | Yes | Yes | Not related to HPAI H5N1; Suspected LPAI | H5N1 | LPAI |
| 9/18/08 | Monmouth, NJ | Mallard | Live birds | New Jersey Division of Fish and Wildlife/USDA | Yes | Yes | Not related to HPAI H5N1; Suspected LPAI | No virus isolated | Not applicable |
| 9/18/08 | Brown, SD | Northern pintail | Live birds | USDA | Yes | Yes | Not related to HPAI H5N1; Suspected LPAI | No AI virus isolated | Not applicable |
| 9/5/08 | Crawford, PA | Mallard | Live birds | PA Game Commission | Yes | Yes | Not related to HPAI H5N1; Suspected LPAI | No virus isolated | Not applicable |
| 9/5/08 | Marquette, WI | Mallard | Live birds | WI DNR | Yes | Yes | Not related to HPAI H5N1; Suspected LPAI | Testing underway | Testing underway |
| 8/25/08 | Erie, PA | Mallard | Live birds | PA Game Commission | Yes | Yes | Not related to HPAI H5N1; Suspected LPAI | No virus isolated | Not applicable |
| 8/25/08 | Crawford, PA | Mallard (#1) | Live birds | PA Game Commission | Yes | Yes | Not related to HPAI H5N1; Suspected LPAI | H3N1 | Not applicable |
| 8/25/08 | Crawford, PA | Mallard (#2) | Live birds | PA Game Commission | Yes | Yes | Not related to HPAI H5N1; Suspected LPAI | H3N2 | Not applicable |
| 8/18/08 | Marathon, WI | Mallard (#1) | Live birds | Wisconsin DNR | Yes | Yes | Not related to HPAI H5N1; Suspected LPAI | H6N1 | Not applicable |
| 8/18/08 | Marathon, WI | Mallard (#2) | Live birds | Wisconsin DNR | Yes | Yes | Not related to HPAI H5N1; Suspected LPAI | No AI virus isolated | Not applicable |
| 1/29/08 | Jefferson, AR | Unknown | Environmental | USDA | Yes | Yes | Not related to HPAI H5N1; Suspected LPAI | H2N9 | Not applicable |
| 11/20/07 | Kent, DE | American black duck | Hunter killed | DE Dept. of Natural Resources and Environmental Control | Yes | Yes | Not related to HPAI H5N1; Suspected LPAI | No AI virus isolated | Not applicable |
| 11/20/07 | Socorro, NM | Northern pintail duck | Live birds | NM Dept. of Fish and Game | Yes | Yes | Not related to HPAI H5N1; Suspected LPAI | No virus isolated | Not applicable |
| 11/19/07 | Kent, DE | Mallard (#1) | Hunter killed | DE Dept. of Natural Resources and Environmental Control | Yes | Yes | Not related to HPAI H5N1; Suspected LPAI | H1N1 | Not applicable |
| 11/19/07 | Kent, DE | Mallard (#2) | Hunter killed | DE Dept. of Natural Resources and Environmental Control | Yes | Yes | Not related to HPAI H5N1; Suspected LPAI | No AI virus isolated | Not applicable |
| 11/16/07 | Ottawa, OH | Mallard | Hunter killed | Ohio Division of Wildlife | Yes | Yes | Not related to HPAI H5N1; Suspected LPAI | No virus isolated | Not applicable |
| 11/11/07 | Davis, UT | Northern pintail duck | Hunter killed | Utah Division of Wildlife Resources | Yes | Yes | Not related to HPAI H5N1; Suspected LPAI | No virus isolated | Not applicable |
| 11/4/07 | Tuscola, MI | American black duck | Hunter killed | MI Dept of Natural Resources | Yes | Yes | Not related to HPAI H5N1; Suspected LPAI | N1 virus isolated; H-type unidentifiable | Not applicable |
| 10/31/07 | Saint Clair, MI | American black duck | Hunter killed | MI Dept of Natural Resources | Yes | Yes | Not related to HPAI H5N1; Suspected LPAI | H5N1 | LPAI |
| 10/30/07 | Bay, MI | Mallard | Hunter killed | MI Dept of Natural Resources | Yes | Yes | Not related to HPAI H5N1; Suspected LPAI | N1 virus isolated; H-type unidentifiable (H5 negative) | Not applicable |
| 10/29/07 | Erie, PA | Mallard | Hunter killed | USDA | Yes | Yes | Not related to HPAI H5N1; Suspected LPAI | H3N2 | Not applicable |
| 10/29/07 | Divide, ND | Lesser snow goose | Hunter killed | USDA | Yes | Yes | Not related to HPAI H5N1; Suspected LPAI | No virus isolated | Not applicable |
| 10/13/07 | Middlesex, NJ | Green-winged teal | Hunter killed | New Jersey Division of Fish and Wildlife/USDA | Yes | Yes | Not related to HPAI H5N1; Suspected LPAI | No virus isolated | Not applicable |
| 9/29/07 | Cascade, MT | Mallard | Hunter killed | Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks/USDA | Yes | Yes | Not related to HPAI H5N1; Suspected LPAI | H5N1 | LPAI |
| 9/27/07 | Genesee, NY | Mallard | Live birds | New York State Department of Environmental Conservation/USDA | Yes | Yes | Not related to HPAI H5N1; Suspected LPAI | N1 virus isolated; H-type unidentifiable (H5 negative) | Not applicable |
| 8/27/07 | Addison, VT | Mallard (#1) | Live birds | USDA | Yes | Yes | Not related to HPAI H5N1; Suspected LPAI | No virus isolated | Not applicable |
| 8/27/07 | Addison, VT | Mallard (#2) | Live birds | USDA | Yes | Yes | Not related to HPAI H5N1; Suspected LPAI | No virus isolated | Not applicable |
| 8/27/07 | Addison, VT | Mallard (#3) | Live birds | USDA | Yes | Yes | Not related to HPAI H5N1; Suspected LPAI | No virus isolated | Not applicable |
| 8/27/07 | Addison, VT | Mallard (#4) | Live birds | USDA | Yes | Yes | Not related to HPAI H5N1; Suspected LPAI | No virus isolated | Not applicable |
| 8/27/07 | Addison, VT | Mallard (#5) | Live birds | USDA | Yes | Yes | Not related to HPAI H5N1; Suspected LPAI | No virus isolated | Not applicable |
| 6/18/07 | Kent, MD | Mallard | Live birds | USDA/Avian Influenza Coordinated Agricultural Project (AICAP) | Yes | Yes | Not related to HPAI H5N1; Suspected LPAI | H5N1 | LPAI |
| 5/22/07 | Kent, DE | Ruddy turnstone | Live birds | USDA/DE Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control | Yes | Yes | Not related to HPAI H5N1; Suspected LPAI | No virus isolated | Not applicable |
| 5/21/07 | Cape May, NJ | Ruddy turnstone | Live birds | Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study | Yes | Yes | Not related to HPAI H5N1; Suspected LPAI | H5N1 | LPAI |
| 5/16/07 | Sussex, DE | Ruddy turnstone (#1) | Live birds | USDA/DE Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control | Yes | Yes | Not related to HPAI H5N1; Suspected LPAI | No virus isolated | Not applicable |
| 5/16/07 | Sussex, DE | Ruddy turnstone (#2) | Live birds | USDA/DE Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control | Yes | Yes | Not related to HPAI H5N1; Suspected LPAI | No virus isolated | Not applicable |
| 5/16/07 | Sussex, DE | Ruddy turnstone (#3) | Live birds | USDA/DE Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control | Yes | Yes | Not related to HPAI H5N1; Suspected LPAI | No virus isolated | Not applicable |
| 5/11/07 | Kent, DE | Ruddy turnstone | Live birds | USDA/DE Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control | Yes | Yes | Not related to HPAI H5N1; Suspected LPAI | No virus isolated | Not applicable |
| 5/10/07 | Cape May, NJ | Ruddy Turnstone | Live birds | Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study | Yes | Yes | Not related to HPAI H5N1; Suspected LPAI | H5N1 | LPAI |
| 12/19/06 | Hyde, NC | American black duck | Live birds | Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study | Yes | Yes | Not related to HPAI H5N1; Suspected LPAI | H4N1 | Not applicable |
| 11/4/06 | Stoddard, MO | Northern Shoveler | Hunter killed | Missouri Conservation Department | Yes | Yes | Not related to HPAI H5N1; Suspected LPAI | H1N1 | Not applicable |
| 11/4/06 | Stanley, SD | Northern Shoveler | Hunter killed | South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks/USDA | Yes | Yes | Not related to HPAI H5N1; Suspected LPAI | No virus isolated | Not applicable |
| 10/28/06 | Grundy, IL | Mallard ducks | Hunter killed | IL Dept of Natural Resources/USDA | Yes | Yes | Not related to HPAI H5N1; Suspected LPAI | No virus isolated | Not applicable |
| 10/28/06 | Grundy, IL | Mallard ducks | Hunter killed | IL Dept of Natural Resources/USDA | Yes | Yes | Not related to HPAI H5N1; Suspected LPAI | No virus isolated | Not applicable |
| 10/27/06 | Sussex, DE | Green-winged teal | Hunter killed | USDA/DE Department of Natural Resources | Yes | Yes | Not related to HPAI H5N1; Suspected LPAI | H5N1 | LPAI |
| 10/21/06 | Niagara, NY | Mallard ducks | Hunter killed | New York State Department of Environmental Conservation/USDA | Yes | Yes | Not related to HPAI H5N1; Suspected LPAI | No virus isolated | Not applicable |
| 10/21/06 | Niagara, NY | Mallard ducks | Hunter killed | New York State Department of Environmental Conservation/USDA | Yes | Yes | Not related to HPAI H5N1; Suspected LPAI | No virus isolated | Not applicable |
| 10/21/06 | Grundy, IL | Mallard ducks | Hunter killed | USDA/IL Dept of Natural Resources | Yes | Yes | Not related to HPAI H5N1; Suspected LPAI | H5N1 | LPAI |
| 10/19/06 | St. Claire, MI | Mallard ducks | Hunter killed | USDA/MI Dept of Natural Resources | Yes | Yes | Not related to HPAI H5N1; Suspected LPAI | H5N1 | LPAI |
| 10/15/06 | Tuscola, MI | Green-winged teal | Hunter killed | USDA/MI Dept of Natural Resources | Yes | Yes | Not related to HPAI H5N1; Suspected LPAI | No virus isolated | Not applicable |
| 10/8/06 | Ottawa, OH | Northern pintail ducks | Hunter killed | USDA/OH Division of Wildlife | Yes | Yes | Not related to HPAI H5N1; Suspected LPAI | No virus isolated | Not applicable |
| 9/24/06 | Fulton, IL | Green-winged teal | Hunter killed | USDA/IL Dept of Natural Resources | Yes | Yes | Not related to HPAI H5N1; Suspected LPAI | H6N2 | Not applicable |
| 9/21/06 | Cascade, MT | Northern pintail ducks | Live birds | USDA/MT Dept of Fish, Wildlife, and Parks | Yes | Yes | Not related to HPAI H5N1; Suspected LPAI | H5N3 | LPAI |
| 8/28/06 | Crawford, PA | Mallard ducks | Live birds | USDA/PA Game Commission | Yes | Yes | Not related to HPAI H5N1; Suspected LPAI | H5N1 | LPAI |
| 8/8/06 | Monroe, MI | Mute Swans | Hunter killed | USDA/MI Dept of Natural Resources | Yes | Yes | Not related to HPAI H5N1; Suspected LPAI | H5N1 | LPAI |
| 8/2/06 | Queen Annes, MD | Resident wild Mallard ducks | Environmental | USDA/Avian Influenza Coordinated Agricultural Project (AICAP) | Yes | Yes | Not related to HPAI H5N1; Suspected LPAI | H5N1 | LPAI |
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1
Testing for the presence of avian influenza (AI) requires that samples be taken from live birds, dead birds or the environment birds inhabit. The Departments of Agriculture and Interior are working collaboratively with States and academic institutions to sample wild birds throughout the United States for the presence of highly pathogenic avian influenza. The interagency plan outlines five specific strategies for early detection of the virus in wild migratory birds, including: investigation of disease-outbreak events in wild birds; expanded monitoring of apparently healthy live wild birds; monitoring of hunter-killed birds; use of sentinel animals; and environmental sampling of bird feces. 2 A series of AI rapid screening tests are performed that cannot differentiate between highly pathogenic AI (HPAI) and low pathogenic AI (LPAI) viruses. The initial rapid screening tests are highly sensitive and can detect active and inactive viruses in samples. Because these rapid screening tests are highly sensitive, it is not uncommon to have positive results for a specific subtype on the initial screen test and yet not be able to isolate a virus of that subtype. 3 This test involves identifying the genetic sequence or key parts of the sequence, of the virus grown and comparing it to known AI genetic sequences. These known sequences, such as that of the highly pathogenic H5N1 AI virus circulating overseas, are stored in databanks. If the genetic sequence matches that of a known highly pathogenic AI virus, the sample is considered to be highly pathogenic. 4 Virus isolation is the gold standard test used to diagnose AI virus infections. The virus is grown and isolated in chicken embryos (eggs). A series of tests follow to specifically identify H and N subtypes of the AI virus. These tests cannot determine pathogenicity. 5 This test involves the inoculation of 4- to 8-week old disease-free chickens and observation for signs of AI for 10 days. According to the USDA and World Organization for Animal Health (OIE), highly pathogenic AI is defined as any AI virus that is lethal for 6 or more of 8 chickens (75% mortality). Pathogenicity is confirmed 10 days from when the chickens are inoculated with the virus grown from the gold standard virus isolation test. Only H5 and H7 subtypes undergo chicken pathogenicity testing because of their potential to become HPAI, all others are considered to be LPAI. For additional information about Avian Influenza Testing and Diagnostics and Avian Influenza Low Pathogenic H5N1 vs. Highly Pathogenic H5N1, go to www.usda.gov/birdflu and click on fact sheets. This table is a cooperative effort of the U.S. Departments of Agriculture and Interior, and is managed as part of the National HPAI Early Detection Data System (HEDDS) by the NBII Wildlife Disease Information Node. |
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