New Jersey Case Report: 94NJ072 |
Report Date: October 3, 1994 |
Summary
On May 10, 1994, a 30 year-old male apprentice lineman died when he contacted
69,000 volts of electricity from a transmission power line through a wooden
utility pole. He was part of a three man crew that was setting new utility
poles at an electrical substation. NJDOH FACE investigators concluded
that, in order to prevent similar incidents in the future, the following
safety guidelines should be followed:
- Maintain an appropriate minimum distance from energized power lines
at all times.
- When it may not be possible to maintain the appropriate minimum distance
between power lines and equipment, workers should request that lines
be deenergized.
- When setting poles near existing power lines, any worker who may contact
the utility pole or power line should be protected with appropriate
personal protective equipment.
- Company representatives who evaluate work sites should consider both
the work needed and safety hazards in the area.
- The work area should be clear of vehicles or other obstructions.
Introduction
On May 26, 1994, NJDOH FACE personnel were informed of this work-related
fatality by the county medical examiner's investigator. A site visit was
conducted on June 13, 1994. Information for this report was derived from
the OSHA file, medical examiner's report, police report, and interviews
of safety management representatives of the employer.
The employer was an electrical utility company that has been in business
for more than 100 years and employed almost 2000 people at the time of
the incident. The deceased, a 30 year-old apprentice lineman, was employed
for five years by the company, originally as a helper. He had completed
half of his three year lineman apprenticeship program.
The company had an extensive training program for apprentices and linemen.
The lineman apprenticeship consisted of three years of classroom work
and on the job training and experience. During the first week, potential
apprentices are evaluated for climbing ability. If successful, two weeks
are then spent in a combination of basic classroom and field training.
Beginning in the fourth week, they become field helpers. At the third
month, apprentices return to the classroom for more advanced theory. The
remainder of the three years is a combination of classroom and field work.
Written safety rules and regulations are contained in the company's safety
manual, including
procedures for setting poles.
The workforce was unionized. A joint management and labor committee has
been in existence for several years but was reorganized more than a year
before this incident to include more labor participation.
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Investigation
The incident site was an area just outside a company substation that
was enclosed with a chain link fence. Three-phase transmission lines bring
69,000 volts of electricity to the substation. From there it is stepped
down and distributed to users. In order to close two other substations,
the company was in the process of upgrading their facilities in this substation.
New poles were needed to carry additional distribution lines.
In the afternoon of the incident, skies were overcast. There had been
showers earlier in the day but the weather was dry while the crew was
working. A three-man crew was assigned to set poles. The crew consisted
of a work leader, lineman, and apprentice lineman (victim) who had been
working together for two months doing varied types of work. Their work
day started at 8 a.m.. The three received their assignment, assembled
their vehicles, and picked up the utility poles they would need for their
assigned jobs.
The wooden utility poles are stored outdoors on the company's premises,
stacked on supports so they are off the ground and grouped according to
lengths. Using a derrick truck, workers manually slip a steel chain choker
around the middle of the pole. They balance the pole and often mark the
correct balance point. This mark is used again when the pole is being
readied to be set into the ground. Using the choker, suspended from a
winch line, the poles are loaded onto a pole trailer (a flat bed truck).
The crew first went to a private home and set a new pole there. They
arrived at the substation and set one pole inside the substation yard.
After lunch, they resumed their assignment to set two 45-foot poles outside
the fence on the opposite side of the facility. This area was directly
under a three phase, 69,000 volt transmission line.
A privately-owned pickup truck was parked in the area in which the crew
wanted to park and position their equipment. Unable to locate the owner
of the vehicle, they had to position their equipment around the truck.
Mindful of the overhead lines, the work leader and apprentice talked about
overhead clearances before they started work. The work leader saw that
the transmission lines were supported by 75 foot utility poles and felt
that they had sufficient clearance to set the new 45 foot poles. This
area had previously been evaluated by a company representative who gave
approval for the pole setting.
The lineman worked on the derrick truck, operating the controls from
the exterior control area seat, while the work leader and apprentice were
on the ground.
The control operator was not able to have a clear view of the hole being
dug because his vision was obstructed by the pickup truck. The crew first
set anchors for the pole, dug the hole (wet because of the location near
water) with an auger attached to the boom of the derrick truck, and cleared
away the debris with an air compressor. They were then ready to set the
poles.
The usual procedure is to unload the pole from the trailer using the
choker suspended from the winch line (attached to the boom by an insulated
cable). The pole is moved up a few feet while supported by the choker,
to make it "butt heavy" for maneuverability. The pole is placed
on the ground, elevated on one end on a small support, while the hole
is dug. The crew wants to stand the pole in a perpendicular position,
about a foot off the ground. As they lift the pole to an upright position
with the choker, the shaft of the pole is supported by a mechanical guide,
called a grabber. The pole is then set into the hole, guided by the grabber.
If the pole is not secured by the grabber on the first attempt, a worker
manually pushes it back to the grabber. Dirt is replaced around the base
of the pole, which now is upright.
On the day of the incident, as the crew closed the grabber, the pole
was not in its grasp. They tried a second time. The apprentice, wearing
leather work gloves, guided the pine pressure treated pole with his hands.
As he guided the pole to the grabber, the pole was apparently suspended
too far above the ground and its top contacted the lowest phase of the
three phase, 69,000 volt energized transmission lines above. The electrical
current traveled from the high voltage line to the utility pole and then
to the victim. The worker fell to the ground, breaking contact with the
pole and energy source. The victim's co-workers, who are certified in
cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) yearly, immediately initiated CPR
and were able to sustain his heart beat. He was transported by rescue
squad to the nearest hospital emergency room where he was pronounced dead.
At the time of the contact of the wooden pole with the high energy line,
one worker reported hearing a "fuzzing" sound. The line was
undamaged and continued in uninterrupted service. One small contact mark
was found on the top of the utility pole. The utility company conducted
a reenactment of the incident two days later; the overhead line was deenergized
at the time of the reenactment.
Cause of Death
The medical examiner determined that death was caused by electrocution.
The victim had
electro thermal burns on both hands and on his chest. No entrance or exit
sites were specified by the medical examiner.
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Recommendations/Discussion
The first two recommendations have been derived from the utility company's
internal investigation and their decisions about methods to prevent this
type of incident from reoccurring during pole setting under transmission
lines:
Recommendation #1: When setting utility poles under transmission lines,
deenergize the line, test and ground it.
Discussion: Transmission lines carry electrical
current with very high voltages. The line in this incident carried 69,000
volts, but there are transmission lines that carry even higher voltages.
The utility company has stated that deenergizing the line must be the
first priority in order to prevent electrical injuries.
Recommendation # 2: If transmission lines cannot be deenergized, minimum
distances between power lines and equipment or workers must be maintained.
Discussion: In this situation, the distance between
the ground and the lowest point of the bottom phase of the transmission
line was 46 feet, 10 inches. This allowed only 1 foot, 10 inches of clearance
between the pole and the line if the pole was upright on the ground.
Although the company owns distribution lines and their supporting poles
that are located under very high voltage transmission lines, the transmission
lines cannot always be deenergized if they are owned by another company.
The company's own transmission lines can usually be taken out of service,
depending upon what is serviced by those lines and the consequences of
not supplying that power.
The company evaluated OSHA's standards (29 CFR 1926.950 and 29 CFR 1910.269),
the New Jersey High Voltage Proximity Act, and the National Electrical
Code and decided upon minimum clearance distances between equipment and
the lowest phase of transmission lines. In this situation, with 69,000
volts, the minimum clearance would be 11 feet. The distance from the pole
will be measured using a company-approved method which includes electronic
measuring devices. If proper clearances cannot be maintained and the transmission
line cannot be deenergized, the company will utilize a method during which
specially-trained workers use "hot line tools." This method
requires high level company approval and planning.
Recommendation # 3: When setting poles near existing power lines, any
worker who may contact the utility pole or power line should be protected
with appropriate personal protective equipment.
Discussion: Since physical contact with the pole
may be made by a ground worker, he or she should be protected with rubber
gloves and sleeves appropriate to the potential contact voltage.
The company is evaluating purchasing equipment for use in situations
in which clearance cannot be maintained and the high voltage lines cannot
be taken out of service. Possible equipment purchases may include rubber
insulating pole caps that can be placed on the end of the pole (rated
for high voltages). Workers should wear insulated personal protective
equipment while guiding the pole even if pole caps are used.
Recommendation # 4: Company representatives who evaluate work sites should
consider both the work needed and safety hazards in the area.
Discussion: If hazards are present, plans should
be made for worker protection before the job is assigned. This will alert
workers to dangers and be the first step in determining ways in which
a job can be completed without endangering the worker.
Recommendation # 5: The work area should be clear of vehicles or other
obstructions.
Discussion: The control operator was unable to
have a clear and unobstructed sight of the work being done. If vehicles
are illegally parked in the area, the work should not proceed until obstructions
or vehicles are removed by the owners or the police.
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Recommended Resources
It is essential that employers obtain accurate information on health,
safety, and applicable OSHA standards. NJ FACE recommends the following
sources of information which can help both employers and employees:
U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Safety
& Health Administration (OSHA)
Federal OSHA will provide information on safety and health standards on
request. OSHA has several offices in New Jersey that cover the following
counties:
Hunterdon, Middlesex, Somerset, Union, and Warren counties
Telephone: (732) 750-3270
Essex, Hudson, Morris, and Sussex counties
Telephone: (973) 263-1003
Bergen and Passaic counties
Telephone: (201) 288-1700
Atlantic, Burlington, Cape May, Camden, Cumberland, Gloucester, Mercer,
Monmouth, Ocean, and Salem counties
Telephone: (856) 757-5181
Federal OSHA
Web site: http://www.osha.gov
U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety
& Health Administration (MSHA)
Federal MSHA regulates safety and health in metal and non-metal mines.
The MSHA web site has a great deal of useful safety and health information
including detailed reports on fatality investigations. New Jersey mines
are under the jurisdiction of the Wyomissing, PA field office.
Telephone: (610) 372-2761
Web site: http://www.msha.gov
New Jersey Public Employees Occupational Safety and Health (PEOSH) Program
The PEOSH act covers all NJ state, county, and municipal employees. Two
state departments administer the act; the NJ Department of Labor and Workforce
Development (NJDLWD), which investigates safety hazards, and the NJ Department
of Health and Senior Services (NJDHSS) which investigates health hazards.
PEOSH has information that may benefit private employers.
NJDLWD, Office of Public Employees Safety
Telephone: (609) 633-3896
Web site: http://www.nj.gov/labor/lsse/lspeosh.html
NJDHSS, Public Employees Occupational Safety & Health Program
Telephone: (609) 984-1863
Web site: http://www.state.nj.us/health/eoh/peoshweb
New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce
Development, Occupational Safety and Health On-Site Consultation Program
This program provides free advice to private businesses on improving safety
and health in the workplace and complying with OSHA standards.
Telephone: (609) 984-0785
Web site: http://www.nj.gov/labor/lsse/lsonsite.html
New Jersey State Safety Council
The NJ State Safety Council provides a variety of courses on work-related
safety. There is a charge for the seminars.
Telephone: (908) 272-7712.
Web site: http://www.njsafety.org
Internet Resources
Other useful internet sites for occupational safety and health information:
http://www.cdc.gov/niosh -
The CDC/NIOSH Web site
http://www.dol.gov/elaws/ -
USDOL Employment Laws Assistance for Workers and Small Businesses.
http://www.nsc.org - National Safety
Council.
http://www.state.nj.us/health/eoh/survweb/face.htm
- NJDHSS FACE reports.
http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/face/
- CDC/NIOSH FACE Web site
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New Jersey FACE Program
Fatality Assessment and Control Evaluation (FACE)
Project
Staff members of the New Jersey Department
of Health and Senior Services, Occupational Health Service, perform FACE
investigations when there is a report of a targeted work-related fatal
injury. The goal of FACE is to prevent fatal work injuries by studying
the work environment, the worker, the task and tools the worker was using,
the energy exchange resulting in the fatal injury, and the role of management
in controlling how these factors interact. FACE gathers information from
multiple sources that may include interviews of employers, workers, and
other investigators; examination of the fatality site and related equipment;
and reviewing OSHA, police, and medical examiner reports, employer safety
procedures, and training plans. The FACE program does not determine fault
or place blame on employers or individual workers. Findings are summarized
in narrative investigation reports that include recommendations for preventing
similar events. All names and other identifiers are removed from FACE
reports and other data to protect the confidentiality of those who participate
in the program.
NIOSH-funded state-based FACE Programs include: Alaska, California, Iowa,
Kentucky, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Nebraska, New Jersey, New
York, Oklahoma, Oregon, Washington, West Virginia, and Wisconsin.
This NJ FACE report is supported by Cooperative Agreement # 1 U60 OH0345-01
from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Its contents
are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent
the official views of the CDC.
To contact New
Jersey State FACE program personnel regarding State-based FACE reports,
please use information listed on the Contact Sheet on the NIOSH FACE web
site. Please contact In-house
FACE program personnel regarding In-house FACE reports and to gain
assistance when State-FACE program personnel cannot be reached.
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