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Almost one in ten babies in Cambodia
do not survive beyond their first birthday. More than
half of all under-five year old deaths are due to diarrhea
diseases, acute respiratory infections and vaccine preventable
diseases.
Chronic malnutrition among Cambodian children is common.
Nationwide, 52% of children are malnourished as measured
by weight for age, according to the 2000 National Micronutrient
Survey.
Less than 40 percent of all pregnant women in Cambodia
receive antenatal care from trained providers. Only 10
percent of all births are delivered in a health facility.
Most maternal deaths are due to complications of unsafe
induced abortions or direct obstetric causes.
Cambodia’s total fertility rate is high, with
each Cambodian woman expected to bear at least four
children.
There has been no significant decline in the fertility
rate since 1998.
The use of modern contraceptive methods in Cambodia increased
from 9% in 1996 to 19% in 2000. Nonetheless, this rate
is still one of the lowest in the region.
Breastfeeding is almost universal in Cambodia. However,
virtually no infant is breastfed immediately after birth
and only 30% of children below two months of age are
breastfed exclusively.
According to estimates by the World Health Organization
(WHO), childhood mortality rates in Cambodia have increased
over the past ten years, an alarming development.
Vitamin A coverage is extremely low. According to one
survey conducted in 2000, only 30.8% of children received
vitamin A.
Nationwide, full vaccination coverage is estimated at
less than 40%, according to one survey conducted in 2000.
In 2002, the HIV prevalence rate among the general adult
population in Cambodia (ages 15-49) was placed at 2.6%,
the highest in Asia.
In 2002, the number of adults living with HIV/AIDS in
Cambodia was placed at 157,500.
Cambodia has one of the highest TB rates in the world.
TB incidence is estimated at 540 per 100,000, compared
to 10 per 100,000 in the United States.
An estimated 64% of Cambodia’s total population
would test positive for TB; the number of TB infected
people would easily exceed 7 million.
Together with Thai/Burmese border, Cambodia is regarded
as the worldwide “birthplace” of drug-resistant
malaria.
Nationwide, malaria is the third most common cause for
out-patient attendance (4.6% of admissions). It is also
the leading cause of hospital deaths (16%). |
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- 2001
World Population Data Sheet of the Population Reference
Bureau, June 2001.
- Cambodia
Demographic and Health Survey 2000.
- HIV
Sentinel Surveillance in Cambodia, 2002, NCHADS,
Ministry of Health.
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Demographic
and Health Indicator |
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Total Population (in millions), 2003 a |
12.3 |
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Male: Female Ratio |
93:100 |
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Total Fertility Rate (women aged 15-49)b |
4.0 |
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Annual Population Growth Rate, 2003 (%)b |
1.8 |
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Contraceptive Prevalence Rate (married women, %)b |
18.5 |
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Unmet Need for Contraception (%)b |
32.6 |
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Population Under Age 15 (%)a |
42.5 |
• |
Life Expectancy at Birth (male/female: years)d |
54/58 |
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Maternal Mortality Ratio (maternal deaths per 1,000
live births)b |
437 |
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Births Attended by a Trained Professional (%)b |
31.8 |
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Women Receiving Antenatal Care by Trained Professional
(%)b |
37.7 |
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Pregnant Women Receiving 2+ doses of Tetanus Toxoid
(%)b |
30 |
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Neonatal Mortality Rate (infant deaths within the
first 28 days of life per 1,000 live births)b |
37.3 |
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Infant Mortality Rate (infant deaths within first
year of life per 1,000 live births)b |
95 |
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Under-5 Mortality Rate (infant deaths within the
first five years of life per 1,000 live births)b |
124.4 |
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Adult Population with HIV/AIDS (aged 15-49), 2002
(%)e |
2.6
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a. |
US Census Bureau, 2002 International Database. |
b. |
National Institute of Statistics, Directorate General
for Health (Cambodia) and ORC Macro, 2000 Cambodia Demographic
and Health Survey. |
c. |
World Bank, 2002 World Development Report. |
d. |
Population Reference Bureau (PRB), 2003 World Population
Wall Chart. |
f. |
NCHADS, 2002 HIV Sentinel Surveillance (HSS) Survey. |
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