Monday, January 12, 2009

Science

Global Warming

Subhankar Banerjee/Associated Press

On Feb. 2, 2007, the United Nations scientific panel studying climate change declared that the evidence of a warming trend is "unequivocal," and that human activity has "very likely" been the driving force in that change over the last 50 years. The last report by the group, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, in 2001, had found that humanity had "likely" played a role.

The addition of that single word "very" did more than reflect mounting scientific evidence that the release of carbon dioxide and other heat-trapping gases from smokestacks, tailpipes and burning forests has played a central role in raising the average surface temperature of the earth by more than 1 degree Fahrenheit since 1900. It also added new momentum to a debate that now seems centered less over whether humans are warming the planet, but instead over what to do about it. In recent months, business groups have banded together to make unprecedented calls for federal regulation of greenhouse gases. The subject had a red-carpet moment when former Vice President Al Gore's documentary, "An Inconvenient Truth," was awarded an Oscar; and the Supreme Court made its first global warming-related decision, ruling 5 to 4 that the Environmental Protection Agency had not justified its position that it was not authorized to regulate carbon dioxide.

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The greenhouse effect has been part of the earth's workings since its earliest days. Gases like carbon dioxide and methane allow sunlight to reach the earth, but prevent some of the resulting heat from radiating back out into space. Without the greenhouse effect, the planet would never have warmed enough to allow life to form. But as ever larger amounts of carbon dioxide have been released along with the development of industrial economies, the atmosphere has grown warmer at an accelerating rate: Since 1970, temperatures have gone up at nearly three times the average for the 20th century.

The latest report from the climate panel predicted that the global climate is likely to rise between 3.5 and 8 degrees Fahrenheit if the carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere reaches twice the level of 1750. By 2100, sea levels are likely to rise between 7 to 23 inches, it said, and the changes now underway will continue for centuries to come.

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Highlights From the Archives

A Push to Increase Icebreakers in the Arctic
A Push to Increase Icebreakers in the Arctic

A growing array of military leaders, Arctic experts and lawmakers say the United States is losing its ability to patrol and safeguard Arctic waters.

August 17, 2008WorldNews
Study Details How U.S. Could Cut 28% of Greenhouse Gases

A new report says the country is brimming with opportunities to reduce carbon dioxide emissions, while saving money at the same time.

November 30, 2007BusinessNews
U.N. Report Describes Risks of Inaction on Climate Change

In its final and most powerful report, an international panel details mounting risks in specific and forceful language, scientists said.

November 17, 2007ScienceNews
Essay
On the Climate Change Beat, Doubt Gives Way to Certainty
On the Climate Change Beat, Doubt Gives Way to Certainty

It has been pointed out many times that we are engaged in a titanic global experiment. The further it proceeds, the clearer the picture should become.

February 6, 2007ScienceNews
Science Panel Calls Global Warming ‘Unequivocal’

The report said warming and its harmful consequences could be substantially blunted by prompt action.

February 3, 2007ScienceNews

ARTICLES ABOUT GLOBAL WARMING

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A 50-Year Farm Bill

We need a farm bill that addresses the problems of soil loss and degradation, toxic pollution, fossil-fuel dependency and the destruction of rural communities.

January 5, 2009
    In Obama’s Team, Two Camps on Climate

    Barack Obama faces conflicting views among his top advisers on the balance between the environment and the economy.

    January 3, 2009
      Diamonds Linked to Quick Cooling Eons Ago

      Researchers say that an abrupt cooling of the Earth about 12,900 years ago may have been caused by one or more meteors that slammed into North America.

      January 2, 2009
      MORE ON GLOBAL WARMING AND: EARTH, DIAMONDS, ICE AGE, METEORS AND METEORITES, SCIENCE
        An Emissions Plan Conservatives Could Warm To
        An Emissions Plan Conservatives Could Warm To

        We need to impose a tax on the thing we want less of (carbon dioxide) and reduce taxes on the things we want more of (income and jobs).

        December 28, 2008
        MORE ON GLOBAL WARMING AND: GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS, TAXATION, OBAMA, BARACK
          E.P.A.’s Doctor No

          The ideologues who have been running the E.P.A. for the last half-dozen years have done little for the environment with the weapons Congress gave them.

          December 25, 2008
            The Hum of Green Cleaning
            The Hum of Green Cleaning

            Isn’t the chore of vacuuming odious enough without worrying if it is contributing to global warming?

            December 25, 2008
            MORE ON GLOBAL WARMING AND: HOME APPLIANCES, ENERGY EFFICIENCY
              For Science Adviser, Dogged Work Against Global Perils
              For Science Adviser, Dogged Work Against Global Perils

              John P. Holdren, a physicist and environmental policy professor at Harvard, has been tapped to be the science adviser to President-elect Barack Obama.

              December 23, 2008
                A New Respect for Science

                Sub-cabinet appointments affirm Barack Obama’s commitment to aggressively address the challenges of energy independence and global warming.

                December 22, 2008
                  Forest Plan in Brazil Bears the Traces of an Activist’s Vision
                  Forest Plan in Brazil Bears the Traces of an Activist’s Vision

                  This month, the Brazilian government introduced ambitious targets for reducing deforestation and carbon dioxide emissions.

                  December 22, 2008
                    Praise and Criticism for Proposed Interior Secretary
                    Praise and Criticism for Proposed Interior Secretary

                    Senator Ken Salazar of Colorado was not the first choice of environmental advocates for the Interior Department.

                    December 18, 2008
                    Australia Unveils Targets to Cut Pollution

                    Australia announced plans to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions by between 5 and 15 percent by 2020, angering environmental groups that had lobbied for much deeper cuts.

                    December 16, 2008
                      Climate-Change Defense, The

                      Few would fault someone who kicks down the front door of a neighbor's empty house to put out a fire. Neither would the law, generally: in Britain, the common-sense defense of ''lawful excuse'' (a variant is known as the ''necessity defense'' in the United States) usually succeeds in precisely this kind of situation. Which leads you to wonder: What acts might the law permit in the name of fighting a threat of global, even catastrophic, proportions? In September, a British jury shook up the world...

                      December 14, 2008
                      MORE ON GLOBAL WARMING AND: LAW AND LEGISLATION, GREENPEACE, HANSEN, JAMES V, GORE, AL
                        Eat Kangaroos to Fight Global Warming

                        Of all the ideas developed to combat the climate crisis, George Wilson of Australian Wildlife Services may have the least intuitive: eating more kangaroos. In a paper published in June by the U.S.-based Society for Conservation Biology, however, he explains that 11 percent of Australia's total greenhouse-gas emissions come from the methane produced by the rumen of cattle and sheep. ''It's been long known that kangaroos don't produce methane,'' Wilson says, noting that kangaroos' stomachs have d...

                        December 14, 2008
                        MORE ON GLOBAL WARMING AND: KANGAROOS, MEAT, SUSTAINABLE LIVING, FOOD, AUSTRALIA
                          Carbon Penance

                          We all contribute to climate change, but none of us can individually be blamed for it. So we walk around with a free-floating sense of guilt that's unlikely to be lifted by the purchase of wind-power credits or halogen bulbs. Annina Rüst, a Swiss-born artist-inventor, wanted to help relieve these anxietes by giving people a tangible reminder of their own energy use, as well as an outlet for the feelings of complicity, shame and powerlessness that surround the question of global warming. So she ...

                          December 14, 2008
                          MORE ON GLOBAL WARMING AND: CARBON DIOXIDE
                            Amid a Hopeful Mood, U.N. Talks Set Countries on Path Toward a Global Climate Treaty

                            The talks concluded Saturday, having seemingly achieved their modest goals: setting the world on the track to a new global climate treaty with a renewed sense of purpose and momentum.

                            December 13, 2008

                              SEARCH 2268 ARTICLES ABOUT GLOBAL WARMING:

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                              Dot Earth: Climate Change in 1998 and 2008
                              Dot Earth: Climate Change in 1998 and 2008

                              Global warming has felt like breaking news a few times in recent years, but the first big pulse of coverage and public attention came in 1988.

                              DotEarth

                              A blog about climate change, the environment and sustainability.


                              Go to Blog »

                              Multimedia

                              Sea Ice in Retreat

                              This summer saw a record-breaking loss of Arctic sea ice.



                              Timeline
                              In its fourth assessment of global warming, released Feb. 2, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change used its strongest language yet in drawing a link between human activity and recent warming.

                              Global Meltdown

                              Global Warming

                              How can we protect the planet for our children? Andrew C. Revkin looked at the latest research on global warming for AARP The Magazine.



                              Q&As With Andrew C. Revkin

                              The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change released its latest report on Feb. 2, which provided a grim and powerful assessment of the future of the planet. The Times' Andrew C. Revkin answered readers' questions and responded to comments.

                              In a series of articles, a team of Times reporters described how the world is, and is not, moving toward a more secure, and less environmentally damaging, relationship with energy. Several of the writers responded to questions and comments

                              What should be done to address the world’s future energy needs? Andrew C. Revkin discusses the issues with readers.

                              Multimedia

                              Clinton on Climate Change

                              Bill Clinton sits down with New York Times reporter Andrew C. Revkin after announcing his new plan to fight global climate change at the Large Cities Climate Summit in New York.

                              The Climate Divide

                              Malawi, India, the Netherlands and Australia will experience global warming in very different ways.

                              Global Winners and Losers
                              Report Predicts Rising Seas

                              Science reporter Andy Revkin examines the long-term social consequences of rising temperatures and seas around the globe.

                              On Top of the World
                              interactive: On Top of the World

                              Andrew C. Revkin reports on his 2003 trip to the North Pole Environmental Observatory.

                              Audio: The Sound of Ice

                              North Pole Web Cam

                              More Multimedia »

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