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Williams, P.H. 1990. Cruciferous oilseeds. p. 228.
In: J. Janick and J.E. Simon (eds.), Advances in new crops. Timber Press,
Portland, OR.
Cruciferous Oilseeds
Paul H. Williams
The diversity of form, usage and adaptability among Brassica species has
generated wide interest in crucifers as potential new crops. Among these are
various interrelated Brassica species, Raphanus sativus, Eruca
sativa, Crambe abyssinica and others. Brassica oil known as rapeseed
oil is traded world wide. Brassica seed low in glucosinolates and erucic acid,
known as Canola, yields high quality edible oil and high protein seed cake.
Some rapeseed cultivars are rich in erucic acid (22:1) a component of resins
and lubricating oils for engines and steel manufacture. The brassicas provide
promising systems for combining technologies in cell and molecular biology with
generics and breeding for the creation and improvement of new crucifer crops.
Erucic and other fatty acid synthesis is under simple genetic control. The
regulation of genes for seed storage proteins, and gene controlling pollen
incompatibility and cytoplasmic male sterility is under intensive study The
amenability of brassicas to protoplast fusion, plant regeneration and
transformation has resulted in the development of stocks with specific
antibiotic and herbicide insensitivity. The development of rapid cycling
populations of major crucifers has resulted in the formation of the Crucier
Genetics Cooperative (CrGC), an organization sharing information and crucifer
generic stocks globally Through the CrGC comprehensive mapping of RFLPs,
isozymes, morphological and disease resistance markers are being facilitated.
Fribourg, H.A., C.R. Graves, G.N. Rhodes, Jr., J.F. Bradley, and E.C. Bernard
Gorczanski. 1990. Rapeseed performance in west Tennessee. p. 228. In: J.
Janick and J.E. Simon (eds.), Advances in new crops. Timber Press, Portland,
OR.
Rapeseed Performance in West Tennessee
H.A. Fribourg, C.R. Graves, G.N. Rhodes, Jr., J.F. Bradley, and E.C. Bernard
Gorczanski
Fall-seeded rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) was studied in five field
experiments at Milan in northwest Tennessee during 1986-87. Yields ranged from
2150 kg/ha for 'Viking' to 3140 for 'Gorczanski'. In each of three N rate
experiments, there were no interaction effects on rapeseed yield between fall N
(0, 34, 67 kg/ha) and spring N (0, 45, 90, 135, 180 kg/ha) applications. Yield
after fallow was increased by spring but not by fall applications of N. No
difference was observed from fall or spring N applied after corn. Yield after
grain sorghum was increased by both fall and spring N. There were no seeding
date x seeding rate, seeding date x cultivars or seeding rate x cultivar
interactions. There was no yield difference between 5.6 and 11.2 kg/ha seeding
rates. September seedings yielded about 10% more than October seedings.
Atrazine reduced rapeseed yield at 0.25 lb a.i./acre or more.
Heidker, J. and C.F. Klopfenstein. 1990. High glucosinolate rapeseed meal as
a supplemental protein source in finishing cattle diets. p. 229. In: J.
Janick and J.E. Simon (eds.), Advances in new crops. Timber Press, Portland,
OR.
High Glucosinolate Rapeseed Meal as a Supplemental Protein Source in Finishing
Cattle Diets
Jean Heidker and C.F. Klopfenstein
High erucic acid rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) has important industrial
oil applications. However, the resultant meal contains high levels of
anti-nutrient glucosinolates, which can also break down into bitter tasting,
bad smelling compounds that can make feeds containing it unpalatable. In this
experiment, we evaluated possible deleterious nutritional effects of the high
glucosinolate meal in finishing cattle (700-1000 lbs) diets. Forty-eight
steers were fed diets with the protein supplement comprised of 33, 67, or 1 00%
rapeseed meal substituted for soybean meal. Data showed no differences in
average daily gains and feed efficiencies. Carcass quality was better for
steers fed the diet containing 100% rapeseed meal supplement, with those
animals having the highest percent choice, whereas those fed 100% soybean meal
supplement had the lowest percent choice.
Lauer, J.G. 1990. Influence of irrigation timing and nitrogen on growth,
yield, and quality of rape. p. 229. In: J. Janick and J.E. Simon (eds.),
Advances in new crops. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
Influence of Irrigation Timing and Nitrogen on Growth, Yield, and Quality of
Rape
Joseph G. Lauer
In 1986, research was undertaken to determine the effect of irrigation timing
and nitrogen on growth, yield and quality of spring rape (Brassica napus
L. cv. Westar) under a furrow irrigation cropping system in Wyoming.
Irrigation timing emphasized the stem elongation phase of crop development
between bud formation and flowering. Nitrogen in the form of ammonium nitrate
was applied at rates ranging form 39 to 302 kg N ha-1 depending on year. These
rates were applied either spring (preplant incorporated) or split-applied
spring and summer (preplant incorporated and top-dressed). Delaying irrigation
to late stem elongation decreased yield compared to irrigation at the earlier
bud stage. Increasing nitrogen rates increased yield. Split-application
nitrogen treatments yielded more than spring nitrogen application treatments.
No interactions between nitrogen treatment and irrigation timing were observed
in any year.
Gul, Y. and S.E. Taylor. 1990. Climatic evaluation for crambe. p. 229. In:
J. Janick and J.E. Simon (eds.), Advances in new crops. Timber Press,
Portland, OR.
Climatic Evaluation for Crambe
Yunus Gul and S.E. Taylor
Seventeen crop-related long term average weather variables were used to
classify the climate for production of crambe (Crambe abyssinica
Horchst.) for Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, South Dakota to aid in selection of
favorable sites for crambe establishment. The climate was classified into five
climatic agricultural zones using Ward's clustering method and tolerance of
cultivars to temperature and moisture was determined. Crambe growth was
evaluated for potential production areas. 'Prophet' out yielded 'Meyer',
'Indy', C-50 and PI247310 in all climate types. Climate type 3, which includes
northern Indiana, central and western Iowa, and southeast South Dakota, is most
favorable for crambe production.
Last update February 28, 1997
by aw