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Marine Mammals, 2006
USDA. NAL. Animal Welfare Information Center.
This bibliography contains sections on cetaceans and pinnipeds and covers topics including health, behavior, and effects of the environment.

Standards for Establishments Housing Bottlenose Dolphins
European Association for Aquatic Mammals.
Minimum standards for dolphins on pool dimensions, building construction, noise, feeding, health checks, hygiene, ethics, education and research.

Handling Fish Fed to Fish-Eating Animals, 1998
USDA. NAL. Animal Welfare Information Center.
This document provides background and guidance for the handling of fish fed to captive fish-eating animals. All points of fish handling are discussed, from ordering, purchasing, and receipt through storage, thawing, and feeding—including cleaning and sanitation—to validating procedures and sampling.

Marine Mammal Welfare: The Role of USDA, APHIS
USDA. NAL. Animal Welfare Information Center.
Outlines USDA, APHIS's role in the welfare of marine mammals held for display, research, and/or species enhancement.

Marine Mammals in Captivity: Background and Management Issues in the United States
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service.
This 1997 report federal legislation, regulations including permit provisions, and standards as well as international efforts relevant to the captive holding of marine mammals.

Zoo Standards for Keeping Otters in Captivity (DOC|256 KB)
Association of Zoos and Aquariums. Otter Species Survival Plan.
This document addresses the husbandry needs associated with keeping four otter species in captivity - Asian Small Clawed Otter, Cape Clawless Otter, North American River Otter, and Giant Otter.

Marine Mammal Water Quality: Proceedings of a Symposium
USDA. Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service.
Presentations from a 1992 symposium on water quality for marine mammals.

Sterilization of Marine Mammal Pool Water (PDF|5.76 MB)
USDA. Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service.
This Technical Bulletin (No. 1797) discusses the sterilization and disinfection of marine mammal pools using a variety of methods and procedures.

Captive Breeding & the Mediterranean Monk Seal: A Focus on Antibes Marineland (PDF|699 KB)
International Marine Mammal Association, Inc.
This 1994 publication provides information on mortality rates, animal welfare, and captive breeding programs for the Mediterranean monk seal. Additional information on captive breeding, translocation, research, and habitat protection is found in The Mediterranean Monk Seal: Conservation Guidelines (PDF|955 KB).

Marine Mammal Stranding Response, Rehabilitation, and Release: Standards for Rehabilitation Facilities (PDF|270 KB)
NOAA. National Marine Fisheries Service.
This document aims to set minimum facility, husbandry, and veterinary standards for rehabilitating marine mammals for release back into the wild.

Last Modified: Nov 14, 2008

Exhibit Animal Species

			Birds
			Carnivores
			Elephants
			Fish
			Hoofstock
			Invertebrates
			Marine Mammals
			Marsupials
			Nonhuman Primates
			Reptiles and Amphibians
			Small Mammals

Transportation

Disaster Planning

Import/Export

Environmental Enrichment

Organizations

Exotic Animals As Pets


			Alliance of Marine Mammal Parks and Aquariums


			Marine Mammal Protection Act

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