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You are here: Home / Research Animals / Laboratory Animal Species / Nonhuman Primates 
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Research Animals

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This page contains information on the care, use, welfare, housing, husbandry, handling, feeding, nutritional requirements, techniques, methodologies, euthanasia, standard operating procedures and links to specific publications related to the use of nonhuman primates used for research purposes.

General Information
Chimpanzees in Research: Strategies for their Ethical Care, Management and Use, 1997
National Academies of Sciences. Institute for Laboratory Animal Research.
Recommendations on long-term care, research needs, costs, genetic management, and retirement for chimpanzees in research environments.
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Laboratory Primate Newsletter
This online newsletter provides news and information on care and breeding of nonhuman primates for laboratory research.
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Primate Formulary  (XLS|175 KB)
Association of Primate Veterinarians.
Click on the link to access the Primate Formulary, compiled by D. Rick Lee and C.J. Doane, in Microsoft Excel format. This formulary includes normal values for various primate species and drug dosage amounts.
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The Welfare of Nonhuman Primates Used in Research  (PDF|349 KB)
European Commission. Scientific Committee on Animal Health and Animal Welfare.
A 2002 report that includes information about various enrichment aspects such as social housing, animal training, and provision of visual barriers.
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A Survey of Non-Human Primate Behavior Patterns
Palomar College. Behavioral Sciences Department.
This primate behavior module provides information about social behavior and communication for various primate species. The glossary of terms provides a general ethogram for classifying nonhuman primate behavior.
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Key Considerations in the Breeding of Macaques and Marmosets for Scientific Purposes  (PDF|31.2 KB)
Laboratory Animal Science Association.
These principles provide information on key issues that primate breeders and users should review to maintain and develop high standards of care and welfare.
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An owl monkeyPolicy on the Care and Use of Non-human Primates for Scientific Purposes
Australian Government. National Health and Medical Research Council.
Used in conjunction with the Australian code of practice for the care and use of animals for scientific purposes (PDF|469 KB), this document provides a general framework for developing standards of care and housing of nonhuman primates in research institutions.
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Best Practice in the Accomodation and Care of Primates Used in Scientific Procedures  (PDF|331 KB)
UK Medical Research Council.
This ethics guide outlines best practices in experimental design, housing, environmental enrichment, handling, training, and veterinary care for nonhuman primates.
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The Welfare of Nonhuman Primates in Research
European Biomedical Research Association.
Summarizes a European Commission report on the welfare of nonhuman primates in research.
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Well-being of Nonhuman Primates in Research  (PDF|6.35 MB)
Scientists Center for Animal Welfare.
These conference proceedings present papers with regulatory, biological, veterinary, and administrative perpsectives.
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Housing and Handling
Articles on Housing, Enrichment and Training of Nonhuman Primates in Laboratories
Animal Welfare Institute.
This is a list of online articles about training and environmental enrichment techniques used by animal care staff in research environments.
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Nonhuman Primate Management Plan
DHHS. NIH. Office of Animal Care and Use.
This document presents the results of a survey of nonhuman primate utilization and the recommendations of a diverse group to meet the 1985 congressional mandate for improved "psychological well-being" of nonhuman primates.
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Species-adequate Housing and Handling Conditions for Old World Nonhuman Primates in Research
Animal Welfare Institute.
Discusses housing options in the context of species-specific behaviors for old world primates.
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Environmental Enrichment and Psychological Well-being
Environmental Enrichment for Nonhuman Primates, 2006
USDA. NAL. Animal Welfare Information Center.
A 2006 bibliographic resource on nonhuman primate enrichment, including relevant web links, organizations, and product information.
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Enrichment for Nonhuman Primates  (PDF|2.15 MB)
DHHS. NIH. Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare.
This is a set of six booklets providing an overview of behavior and enrichment for baboons, capuchins, chimpanzees, macaques, marmosets and tamarins, and squirrel monkeys commonly used in research, education and entertainment. If you would like to request a hard copy of any of the booklets, Contact OLAW.
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Enrichment Device Manual  (PDF|751 KB)
Southwest National Primate Research Center.
A list of enrichment devices used at the SNPRC. Includes information on how to build and use each device as well as pros and cons of use.
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Environmental Enrichment Plans for Nonhuman Primates
The following links are to examples of environmental enrichment programs at institutions in the United States which must comply with the Animal Welfare Act by providing for the psychological well-being of nonhuman primates.
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The Psychological Well-being of Nonhuman Primates
Institute for Laboratory Animal Research.
Online text of a report that recommends ways to assess and promote psychological well-being of nonhuman primates.
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Cotton-top tamarin on branchAnnotated Bibliography on Refinement and Environmental Enrichment for Primates kept in Laboratories
Animal Welfare Institute.
This searchable online bibliography offers animal caregivers, animal technicians, veterinarians, zoo keepers and students guidance to practical information on refinement and environmental enrichment for primates kept in research institutions.
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Articles on Environmental Enrichment and Psychological Well-being
Laboratory Primate Newsletter.
Links to enrichment articles and divided into sub-headings such as social enrichment, training, foraging and feeding enrichment, toys and non-food related objects, and measures of stress and well-being.
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Environmental Enrichment - Operant Conditioning
Wisconsin National Primate Research Center. Primate Info Net.
Compiled in 1996, provides a listing of articles published related to the use of operant conditioning in training nonhuman primates.
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Environmental Enrichment for Neotropical Primates
SciELO Brazil.
Provides a review of the literature on enrichment procedures for neotropical primates in captivity.
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Assessment of the Behavioral Effects of Exposure to an Expanded Environmental Enrichment Program in Baboons  (PDF|57.4 KB)
Johns Hopkins University. Behavioral Biology Research Center.
The researchers increased the enclosure space for baboons and characterized behavioral changes in the animals as possible indicators of psychological well-being.
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Environmental Enrichment for Captive Marmosets and Tamarins
Society and Animals Forum.
A discussion of the criteria constituting a good captive environment for all animals: good physical health, breeding success, and the ability to cope with the environmental. These principles are applied to the care of marmosets and tamarins.
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Nonhuman Primates, 1992
USDA. NAL. Animal Welfare Information Center.
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Nonhuman Primates, 1999
USDA. NAL. Animal Welfare Information Center.
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Nutrition
Nutrient Requirements of Nonhuman Primates
The National Academies. National Research Council.
The book covers natural dietary habits, gastrointestinal anatomy and physiology, species-specific nutrient needs, the impact on nutrition of physiological conditions and life-stages, and environmental enrichment such as opportunities for foraging.
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Techniques
An Improved Restraint Device for Injections and Collection of Samples from Marmosets
Laboratory Primate Newsletter.
This paper discusses an alternative restraint device for marmosets that minimizes adverse effects, is reliable, and can be used for a variety of techniques.
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Biosafety
Herpes B Virus Links
These links provide information about B virus in nonhuman primates:
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Significant Zoonotic Disease of Nonhuman Primates
Walter Reed Army Institute. Division of Veterinary Medicine.
This 1988 publication covers herpes-B, measles, rabies, tuberculosis, salmonellosis, shigellosis, amebiasis, balatidiasis, giardiasis, helminths, bites & scratches, allergic sensitivities, and arthropod infectations.
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Last Modified: Nov 13, 2008  
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See Also
    Primate Info Net
    NC3Rs Nonhuman Primates Information
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