Mute Swans in Maryland:
A Statewide Management Plan
Maryland Department of Natural Resources
Wildlife and Heritage Service
April 14, 2003
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
INTRODUCTION
STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION
ECOLOGICAL IMPACTS AND CONFLICTS
Impacts to Public
Safety and Use of Private Property
Grazing Impacts Upon
Submerged Aquatic Vegetation
Impacts to Property
and Agricultural Resources
Direct Impacts to
Native Wildlife
Aesthetic Values
Economic Values
LEGAL DEFINITION AND PUBLIC POLICIES
Legal Status
Public Policies
Pertaining to Invasive Species and Mute Swans
Impacts of Reducing Survival and Recruitment on Population Growth Rate
CONCLUSIONS AND MANAGEMENT RECOMMENDATIONS
MANAGEMENT GOAL AND POPULATION OBJECTIVE
Management Goal
Long-term Population
Objective
MANAGEMENT OBJECTIVES AND STRATEGIES
Public Outreach and
Education
Population
Management and Resource Protection
Captive Mute Swan
Management
Relief of Human
Safety and Nuisance Conflicts
Population
Monitoring and Research
APPENDIX A: Waterfowl Advisory Committee and Mute Swan Task Force Recommendations
APPENDIX B: Maryland Statutes Pertaining to the Management of Mute Swan
APPENDIX C: Public Policies That Guide DNR Swan Management
APPENDIX D: Swan-Free Areas
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