Exotics and Public Policy in the Great Lakes:
The Results of a Workshop at the
Biennial Great Lakes Water Quality Forum
Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 23 and 26 September 1999

Eric Reeves
Workshop Coordinator
21 October 1999

§ 1. Introduction
§ 1.1. The exotics problem and political responses
§ 1.2. The exotic policy workshop
§ 1.3. The specific issues: A long list
§ 1.4. The specific issues: A short list
§ 1.5. Quick summary
§ 2. Exotics, the GLWQA, and ownership of the problem
§ 2.1. Background
§ 2.2. The existing terms of the GLWQA
§ 2.3. Points of agreement and disagreement
§ 2.4. Reasons for a new GLWQA annex
§ 2.5. Reasons for not amending the GLWQA
§ 2.6. Other approaches to the problem
§ 2.7. A cautionary comment from the marine industry
§ 2.8. Ownership and leadership
§ 3. Ballast water and standards
§ 3.1. Substantive agreement on ballast water standards
§ 3.2. Background
§ 3.3. Industry comments on the lack of a standard
§ 3.4. Other comments on standards
§ 3.5. Legal framework for a standard
§ 4. Commercial uses and arguments about the meaning of "aquaculture."
§ 4.1. Failing to come to terms
§ 4.2. Intergovernmental coordination
§ 4.3. Some comments on the nature of the threat
§ 5. Some academic reactions to the policy analysis in the white paper
§ 5.1. A request for other views
§ 5.2. Comments by a political scientist on regulatory policy
§ 5.3. Comments by a law professor on regulatory policy
§ 6. Other topics and takes on the issues
§ 6.1. Other contributions
§ 6.2. A policy structure
§ 6.3. Blunders ahead
§ 7. Immediate priorities
§ 7.1. Getting down to the bottom line
§ 7.2. General points on priorities (applicable to both shipping and commercial uses)
§ 7.3. Priorities for dealing with ballast water
§ 7.4. Priorities for dealing with commercial uses
§ 8. Further discussion at the report to the public
§ 8.1. The report to the public
§ 9. Additional written comments
§ 9.1. Comments from the Ontario Federation of Anglers and Hunters
§ 10. Thanks