CONTENTS
Preface
Congress Organisation
List of Congress Sponsors
SPECIAL CONTRIBUTION
Nine glorious years
W.M.S. Russell
PLENARY LECTURES
Trends in animal use and animal alternatives
P. De Greeve, W. De Leeuw & L.F.M. van Zutphen
Ethical, cultural and spiritual objections to genetically modified organisms: a review of the New Zealand process and perspective
J.S. Fleming
Guidelines for humane education: alternatives to the use of animals in teaching and training
A.J. Smith & K. Smith
REPLACEMENT AND REDUCTION ALTERNATIVES
The acquisition and use of human cells in research and testing
The use of human cells in biomedical research and testing
R.D. Combes
The establishment of the UK Human Tissue Bank
S. Orr & J. Trafford
Immortalisation versus redifferentiation of cell lines
Proliferation of epidermal growth factor-stimulated hepatocytes in a hormonally defined serum-free medium
P. Papeleu, P. Loyer, T. Vanhaecke, T. Henkens, G. Elaut, C. Guguen-Guillouzo & V. Rogiers
Can hepatoma cell lines be redifferentiated to be used in drug metabolism studies
C.P. Martínez-Jiménez, R. Jover, M.J. Gómez-Lechón & J.V. Castell
In vitro reconstituted human tissue models
Full thickness EpiDerm™, a dermal–epidermal skin model to study epithelial–mesenchymal interactions
J. Kubilus, P.J. Hayden, S. Ayehunie, S.D.K. Lamore, C. Servattalab, K.L. Bellavance, J.E. Sheasgreen & M. Klausner
The use of reconstructed human epidermis EPISKIN™ in the assessment of local tolerance of cosmetics and chemicals
R. Roguet
Vaccines and biologicals: application of the Three Rs
ECVAM’s activities in promoting the Three Rs in the quality control of biologicals
M. Halder, M. Balls, C. Hendriksen & K. Cussler
Incorporation of in vitro-derived data on biokinetics and toxicodynamics in risk assessment
Use of a perfusion co-culture system consisting of Caco-2 and Hep G2 cell compartments for the kinetic analysis of benzo[a]pyrene toxicity
Y. Sakai, O. Fukuda, S-H. Choi & A. Sakoda
Organ studies (liver and drug metabolism)
Rat hepatocyte suspensions as a suitable in vitro model for stuying the biotransformation of histone deacetylase inhibitors
G. Elaut, G. Török, P. Papeleu, T. Vanhaecke, G. Laus, D. Tourwé & V. Rogiers
A new human hepatoma cell line to study repeated cell toxicity
N. Fabre, E. Arrivet, F. Paillard, V. Wibaut-Berlaimont, N. Bichet, N.O. Roome, A. Prenez & J-A. Vericat
Workshops
Report of the workshop on fetal bovine serum replacement in cell cultures
V. Baumans
Report of the workshop on monoclonal antibodies
J. McArdle
Potential of comprehensive toxico-proteomics: quantitative and differential mining of functional proteomes from native samples
A. Schrattenholz, M. Klemm & M. Cahill
Good experimental design and statistics can save animals, but how can it be promoted?
M.F.W. Festing
Evaluation of some in vitro tests to reduce and replace the sub-acute animal toxicity studies
R.S. Chhabra, N.B. Ress, J.W. Harbell & R.D. Curren
REFINEMENT AND REDUCTION ALTERNATIVES
Enrichment, science and animal welfare
Taming and training of pregnant sheep and goats and of newborn lambs, kids and calves before experimentation
D.J. Mellor
Evaluation techniques for animal well-being
Introduction: evaluation techniques for animal well-being
D.J. Mellor & V. Baumans
Social housing of large primates: methodology for refinement of husbandry and management
S. Wolfensohn
Non-invasively assessing disturbance and stress in laboratory rats by scoring chromadacryorrhoea
G. Mason, D. Wilson, C. Hampton & H. Würbel
Methods for evaluation of laboratory animal well-being
V. Baumans
Refinement of gerbil housing and husbandry in the laboratory
E. Waiblinger & B. König
New developments in monitoring animal physiology and behaviour
Implanted telemetry transmitters alter the noradrenergic response in vas deferens from mice
R. Einstein, R.L. Billing, A. Singh & I. Chin
Effect of conditioning on the increase of heart rate and body temperature provoked by handling in the mouse
K. Kramer, H. van de Weerd, A. Mulder, C. Van Heijningen, V. Baumans, R. Remie, H-P. Voss
& L.F.M. van Zutphen
Animal welfare: guidelines and beyond
Revision of Council of Europe Convention ETS 123 guidelines for the accommodation and care of animals used for experimental and other scientific purposes
D. Anderson
The revision of European housing guidelines for laboratory animals: expectations from the point of view of animal welfare
U.G. Sauer
The environmental enrichment committee
K.L. Stewart
New methods for science: welfare concerns
Non-invasive physiology in conscious mice
A. Kale, I. Amende, K. Piskorski, V. Chu, J.M. Otero, P. Mueller & T.G. Hampton
Reducing the invasiveness of obtaining blood-borne measures in animals
C. Cook & D. Thomas
Use and pitfalls of allometry: a valuable tool in comparisons and extrapolations between species and in ethical considerations concerning the use of one species to model another
J.K. Kirkwood
Research on animals for animal benefit
Incorporation of the principles of the Three Rs in wildlife research
G. Griffin & C. Gauthier
The ethics of research on companion animals for the benefit of their own species
J. Conole
The use of animals for research on animal diseases: its impact on the harm–benefit analysis
M.D. Rickard
Research on vertebrate pesticides and traps: do wild animals benefit?
B. Warburton & C. O’Connor
Welfare benefits to farm animals from their use in research
I.G. Colditz
Experimental design: a tool to promote refinement and reduction
Reduction by well-defined objectives
D. Fry
Optimising resources by reduction: the FRAME Reduction Committee
S. Vaughan
Adequate statistical methods to reduce the number of animals used in behavioural experiments: the analysis of the behavioural transitions
M. Puopolo, A.V. Pesciolini, F. Chiarotti & L. Ricceri
Workshops
Refinement and reduction through the control of variation
M.F.W. Festing
Assessing and managing pain and distress for ethics committees
P. Flecknell & A. Karas
Physiological and behavioural assessment of pain in ruminants: principles and caveats
D.J. Mellor & K.J. Stafford
POLICY AND ETHICS
Animal numbers and trends from around the world
Overview and analysis of animal use in North America
C. Gauthier
Animal use statistics: the New Zealand and Australian experience and perspective
A.C.D. Bayvel
Animal use in the United Kingdom in 2001
J.D. Richmond
Recent trends in the number of laboratory animals used in Japan
Y. Matsuda
Ethics for research using animals in Italy
A. Passantino, M. Panichi, M.R. Russo & M. Passantino
Ethical issues in primate research
The welfare of non-human primates in research in the EU
D.B. Morton
The moral standing of non-human primates: why they merit special consideration
U.G. Sauer
A demographic analysis of primate research in the United States
K.M. Conlee, E.H. Hoffeld & M.L. Stephens
Ethical and welfare implications of the acquisition and transport of non-human primates for use in research and testing
M.J. Prescott & M. Jennings
The Great Ape Project: legislating for the control of the use of non-human hominids in research, testing and teaching — Animal Welfare Act 1999 (New Zealand)
N. Wells
Policy aspects of chemicals testing initiatives and alternatives
An evaluation of the US high production volume (HPV) chemical-testing programme: a study in (ir)relevance, redundancy and retro thinking
A. Nicholson, J. Sandler & T. Seidle
The new EU chemicals policy: challenges and chances for animal-free test methods
U.G. Sauer
Putting policy into practice: ethical analysis and national standards
ECOPA: the European Consensus Platform on Three Rs Alternatives
V. Rogiers
Humane regulatory testing: the United Kingdom experience
J.D. Richmond
TestSmart and toxic ignorance
S. Green & A.M. Goldberg
EU sales ban on new cosmetics tested on animals: impact on alternative methods, WTO implications and animal welfare aspects
I.W. Ruhdel
Issues in biotechnology
Refinement and reduction in the production of genetically modified mice: sixth report of the BVAAWF/FRAME/RSPCA/UFAW Joint Working Group on
Refinement
V. Robinson & M. Jennings
Animal use in biotechnology: issues and options— a New Zealand perspective
A.C.D. Bayvel
Effective policies in the animal genomics era: how best to involve ethics, expertise and the public
L.E. Paula
Ethics and transgenesis: toward a policy framework incorporating intrinsic objections and societal perceptions
M. Gott & V. Monamy
Issues in animal research
New housing conditions: improving the welfare of experimental animals
J.L. Ottesen, A. Weber, H. Gürtler & L.F. Mikkelsen
Animal model research: the apples and oranges quandary
K.J. Shapiro
Animal experimentation and ethics in India: the CPCSEA makes a difference
S. Pereira, P. Veeraraghavan, S. Ghosh & M. Gandhi
Ethical analysis and national standards
Five plus three: legislating for the Five Freedoms and the Three Rs — Animal Welfare Act 1999 (New Zealand)
N. Wells & J. Nicholson
The HSUS’s pain and distress initiative: overview and update
M.L. Stephens & K.M. Conlee
Ethical evaluation of research proposals by ethics panels advising the European Commission
R. Kolar
Achievements in raising awareness on the use of alternative methods in Latin America and the Caribbean
L.U. Pérez, G.A. Murillo, J.R. Pascual & E. Tur
Workshops
Report of the workshop on euthanasia guidelines and practices
L. Carbone, V. Baumans & D.B. Morton
An approach to minimise dog use in regulatory toxicology: production of a best practice guide to study design
B. Phillips, D. Smith, R. Combes, G. Descotes, S.D. Jacobsen, R. Hack, J. Kemkowski, K. Krauser, R. Pfister, Y. Rabemampianina, S. Sparrow, M. Stephan-Gueldner & F. von Landenberg
Comprehensive assessment of harms caused by experimental, teaching and testing procedures on live animals
D.J. Mellor
Practical difficulties in balancing harms and benefits in the modern use of laboratory animals: biotechnology
T. de Cock Buning
Report of the workshop on xenotransplantation
J. McArdle
Xenotransplantation: a European perspective
J.D. Richmond
EDUCATION AND INFORMATION RESOURCES
Transforming middle and high school education with animal alternatives Biology teachers’ attitudes to dissection and alternatives
L.A. King, C.L. Ross, M.L. Stephens & A.N. Rowan
Uses of animals and alternatives in pre-college education in the United States: need for leadership on educational resources and guidelines
L.A. Hart, M.W. Wood, A. Massey & M. Smith
Activities in German-speaking countries (Germany, Austria, Switzerland) to transform school education with the objective of increasing student awareness
of animal welfare issues
J. Luy & B. Grune
The use of animals in national high school student science fair projects in the United States
C. Miller-Spiegel
New alternative to animal models for surgical training
E. Aboud, C.E. Suarez, O. Al-Mefty & M.G. Yasargil
JSAAE activities in alternatives to animal experimentation for undergraduate schools: forum for citizens in primary and secondary schools
T.M. Kurosawa, H. Ninomiya & Y. Matsuda
Transforming undergraduate education with animal alternatives
Replacement of harmful animal use in life science education: the approach and activities of InterNICHE
N. Jukes
Computer-based alternatives to using animals in teaching physiology and pharmacology to undergraduate students
D. Dewhurst
Our experiences with development of digitised video streams and their use in animal-free medical education
M. Cervinka, Z. Cervinková, J. Novák, J. Spicák, E. Rudolf & J. Peychl
The psychological effects on students of using animals in ways that they see as ethically, morally or religiously wrong
T. Capaldo
Three Rs education for those involved in animal-based research
The European Science Foundation: Three Rs policy and education
L.F.M. van Zutphen
ResearchTraining.org and AALASLearningLibrary.org: online learning management systems for technicians, researchers, and IACUCs
N. Duffee & M.T. Fallon
Developing ethics training for laboratory animal users
M. Jennings & J. Smith
Incorporating animal alternatives in a training programme in laboratory animal care and use
S. Walshaw
New technologies in developing animal alternatives
Medical training using simulation: toward fewer animals and safer patients
J. Balcombe
Technological advances that enhance teaching using animals, and the application of the Three Rs
A.S. Davies
How can we encourage teachers to use computer-based alternatives: the UK higher education experience
D. Dewhurst
Information providers, resources, tools and databases
The ECVAM Scientific Information Service (SIS)
A. Janusch Roi & A. Burke
New sources for alternative methods on the Internet: the objectives of databases and websites
B. Grune, A. Dörendahl, D. Köhler-Hahn, C, Feuerstein, R. Box, H. Wohlgemuth & H. Spielmann
Proposal for international recognition, support and cooperation with the Internet clearinghouse on the Three Rs (Altweb)
L.A. Libowitz
Search strategies on the Internet: general and specific
K. Bottrill
Report of the workshop on incorporating animal alternatives in training programmes: specific activities in various countries
M. Cervinka & T.M. Kurosawa
Activities in Japan and other Asian countries and summary of the satellite session
T.M. Kurosawa
Situation in the Czech Republic: an example of a country in transition
M. Cervinka
Workshops
Search filters, a new tool in the search for alternatives: locating mouse strains as disease models
M.W. Wood & L.A. Hart
The European Resource Centre for Alternatives in Higher Education
J. de Boo, D. Dewhurst & J. van der Valk
Experimental design: computer simulation for improving the precision of an experiment
H. van Wilgenburg, P.G. van Schaick Zillesen & I. Krulichova
Teaching from the heart
S. Walshaw
Uses of animals and alternatives in college and veterinary education at the University of California, Davis: institutional commitment for mainstreaming
alternatives
L.A. Hart & M.W. Wood
TEST DEVELOPMENT, VALIDATION AND IMPLEMENTATION
Validation of alternative test methods: recent progress and new initiatives
The principles of validation and the ECVAM validation process
A.P. Worth & M. Balls
Validation activities in Japan: a report
H. Ono
The Third FRAME Toxicity Committee: working toward greater implementation of alternatives in toxicity testing
R.D. Combes, M. Balls, L. Bansil, M. Barratt, D. Bell, P. Botham, C. Broadhead, R. Clothier, E. George, J. Fentem, M. Jackson, I. Indans, G. Loizou, V. Navaratnam, V. Pentreath, B. Phillips, H. Stemplewski & J. Stewart
Regulatory acceptance of alternative methods: recent progress and new initiatives
The validation and regulatory acceptance of alternative methods in Japan
Y. Ohno
The regulatory acceptance of alternatives in the European Union
E.V. Warbrick & P.F. Evans
The FDA’s regulatory role in the ICCVAM process
L.M. Schechtman & W.S. Stokes
Validation and implementation of alternative methods for identifying endocrine disrupters and reproductive toxicants
Ideology masquerading as science: the case of endocrine disrupter screening programmes
T. Seidle
Neurotoxicity and developmental toxicity: development, validation and implementation of alternatives and new methods
Cell transformation assay using Balb/c 3T3 cells or Bhas 42 cells for the efficient detection of tumour promoters
M. Umeda
Eye toxicity
The research programme of SCAAT
O. de Silva & D. Basketter
Skin and phototoxicity
Update on the validation and regulatory acceptance of alternative tests for skin corrosion and irritation
J.H. Fentem & P.A. Botham
The bioavailability of cationic azo hair dyes: application of a new in vitro method
W. Steiling
An in vitro phototoxicity assay battery (photohaemolysis and 3T3 NRU PT test) to assess phototoxic potential of fragrances
C. Nam, S. An, E. Lee, S. Moon, J. Kang & I. Chang
Workshops
Summary of the workshop on training for the implementation of alternative test methods
M. Halder & D. Sailstad
Report of the workshop on the validation of QSARs and other computational prediction models
A.P. Worth & M.T.D. Cronin
The ICLAS/CCAC International Symposium on Regulatory Testing and Animal Welfare
G. Griffin, W.S. Stokes, S.P. Pakes & C. Gauthier
Considering the test performance for three class data using linear discriminant analysis: a case study
E. Genschow, A. Seiler & H. Spielmann
Quality assurance for in vitro alterative test methods: quality control issues in test kit production
A. Rispin, J.W. Harbell, M. Klausner, F.T. Jordan, S. Coecke, K. Gupta & K. Stitzel
POINT–COUNTERPOINT DEBATES
Is the use of animals in biomedical research still necessary in 2002? Unfortunately, “Yes”
M.F.W. Festing
Are animals necessary in 2002? Reply to Dr Michael Festing’s book review of Sacred Cows and Golden Geese: The Human Cost of Experiments on Animals
R. Greek & J.S. Greek
Brueghel’s Two Monkeys
I.E. Newkirk
Are animals necessary in biological education?
N. Jukes
Are animal tests inherently valid?
M. Balls
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