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Phase III Comparison of Adjuvant Therapy with TMX vs Placebo in Patients with Negative Axillary Nodes Following Mastectomy for ER-Positive Breast Cancer
Basic Trial Information
Objectives I. Compare disease-free interval and survival of patients with negative axillary nodes following mastectomy for ER-positive breast cancer who are randomly assigned to adjuvant tamoxifen therapy vs. placebo. II. In conjunction with the results of NSABP-B-13, evaluate whether treatment failure and survival correlate with ER level in postmastectomy, node-negative patients who receive no further treatment. III. Evaluate the influence of both hormone receptor status and the interaction of radiotherapy and tamoxifen on the rate of local breast recurrence in patients who have undergone segmental mastectomy and axillary node dissection for their disease. Entry Criteria Disease Characteristics: Histologically proven invasive carcinoma of the breast definitively removed by either: Total mastectomy with axillary node dissection Segmental mastectomy with axillary node dissection No more than 35 days between mastectomy and randomization, with radiotherapy planned on study No more than 4 weeks between diagnosis and mastectomy Histology established by excisional, incisional, or needle biopsy and aspiration cytology Tumor confined to the breast clinically, i.e., movable relative to the underlying muscle, chest wall, and skin Histologic proof of negative axillary nodes required Preoperatively palpable ipsilateral axillary nodes allowed if free of tumor Palpable contralateral axillary nodes or palpable supraclavicular or infraclavicular nodes must be biopsy-proven benign Hormone receptor status: ER-positive, i.e., at least 10 fmol/mg cytosol protein Quantitative PgR status required Receptor statuses must be known prior to randomization The following exclude: Ulceration Erythema Infiltration of the skin Peau d'orange or any degree of skin edema Satellite breast nodules Parasternal nodules Edema of the arm Infiltration of the skin Tethering, skin dimpling, and nipple inversion are not to be interpreted as skin infiltration and patients with these conditions are eligible Inflammatory carcinoma Histologies other than carcinoma Bilateral breast cancer Any mass in the contralateral breast must be biopsy- proven benign Metastatic disease Patients with bone pain with negative bone scan and/or x-rays are eligible Segmental mastectomy patients must additionally meet the following criteria: Tumor clinically no greater than 4 cm in greatest diameter Mammography preferred No diffuse tumor on xeroradiography or mammography considered surgically unsuited for lumpectomy No more than 1 malignant mass in the breast Other masses must be biopsy-proven benign No requirement for removal of nipple Breast is of a size to allow a cosmetically acceptable resection Breast sufficiently small to permit satisfactory irradiation No breast irradiation prior to randomization Prior/Concurrent Therapy: Biologic therapy: No prior immunotherapy for breast cancer Chemotherapy: No prior chemotherapy for breast cancer Endocrine therapy: No prior hormonal therapy for breast cancer No prior oophorectomy for malignancy (oophorectomy for other reasons allowed) No prior radiation castration Hormonal therapy other than that stipulated by protocol (e.g., birth control, replacement therapy) must be discontinued on entry Radiotherapy: No prior radiotherapy for breast cancer Surgery: See Disease Characteristics Patient Characteristics: Age: Under 71 Sex: Female only Menopausal status: Any status Performance status: Not specified Hematopoietic: (obtained postoperatively) WBC greater than 4,000 Platelets at least 100,000 Hepatic: (obtained postoperatively) Bilirubin no greater than 1.5 mg/dl SGOT no greater than 60 IU/ml Renal: No nonmalignant systemic renal disease that would preclude any protocol therapy or prolonged follow-up Cardiovascular: No nonmalignant systemic cardiovascular disease that would preclude any protocol therapy or prolonged follow-up Other: No psychiatric or addictive disorder that would preclude informed consent No nonmalignant systemic disease that would preclude any protocol therapy or prolonged follow-up No second malignancy except: Curatively treated nonmelanomatous skin cancer In situ cervical cancer treated by surgery only No pregnancy Expected Enrollment A 3-year accrual of 2,320 patients will be required. Outline Randomized, double-blind study. All patients are randomized on Arms I and II; segmental mastectomy patients are also treated on Regimen A. Patients who are disease-free following 5 years of treatment on Arm I may be randomized a second time on Arms III and IV. Arm I: Antiestrogen Therapy. Tamoxifen, TMX, NSC-180973. Arm II: Placebo. Regimen A: Radiotherapy. Breast irradiation using Co60 or linear accelerator x-rays. Arm III: Antiestrogen Therapy. TMX. Arm IV: Placebo.Published Results Paik S, Shak S, Tang G, et al.: Expression of the 21 genes in the Recurrence Score assay and tamoxifen clinical benefit in the NSABP study B-14 of node negative, estrogen receptor positive breast cancer. [Abstract] J Clin Oncol 23 (Suppl 16): A-510, 6s, 2005. Fisher B, Jeong JH, Bryant J, et al.: Treatment of lymph-node-negative, oestrogen-receptor-positive breast cancer: long-term findings from National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project randomised clinical trials. Lancet 364 (9437): 858-68, 2004.[PUBMED Abstract] Paik S, Shak S, Tang G, et al.: A multigene assay to predict recurrence of tamoxifen-treated, node-negative breast cancer. N Engl J Med 351 (27): 2817-26, 2004.[PUBMED Abstract] Dignam JJ, Wieand K, Johnson KA, et al.: Obesity, tamoxifen use, and outcomes in women with estrogen receptor-positive early-stage breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 95 (19): 1467-76, 2003.[PUBMED Abstract] Fisher B, Dignam J, Bryant J, et al.: Five versus more than five years of tamoxifen for lymph node-negative breast cancer: updated findings from the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project B-14 randomized trial. J Natl Cancer Inst 93 (9): 684-90, 2001.[PUBMED Abstract] Bryant J, Fisher B, Gündüz N, et al.: S-phase fraction combined with other patient and tumor characteristics for the prognosis of node-negative, estrogen-receptor-positive breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 51 (3): 239-53, 1998.[PUBMED Abstract] Dignam JJ, Bryant J, Wieand HS, et al.: Early stopping of a clinical trial when there is evidence of no treatment benefit: protocol B-14 of the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project. Control Clin Trials 19 (6): 575-88, 1998.[PUBMED Abstract] Costantino JP, Kuller LH, Ives DG, et al.: Coronary heart disease mortality and adjuvant tamoxifen therapy. J Natl Cancer Inst 89 (11): 776-82, 1997.[PUBMED Abstract] Fisher B, Dignam J, Bryant J, et al.: Five versus more than five years of tamoxifen therapy for breast cancer patients with negative lymph nodes and estrogen receptor-positive tumors. J Natl Cancer Inst 88 (21): 1529-42, 1996.[PUBMED Abstract] Costantino J, Fisher B, Gunduz N, et al.: Tumor size, ploidy, S-phase, and erb B-2 markers in patients with node-negative, ER-positive tumors: finding from NSABP B-14. [Abstract] Proceedings of the American Society of Clinical Oncology 13: A-59, 64, 1994. Fisher B, Costantino J, Wickerham L, et al.: Adjuvant therapy for node-negative breast cancer: an update of NSABP findings. [Abstract] Proceedings of the American Society of Clinical Oncology 12: A-79, 69, 1993. Fisher B, Costantino J, Redmond C, et al.: A randomized clinical trial evaluating tamoxifen in the treatment of patients with node-negative breast cancer who have estrogen-receptor-positive tumors. N Engl J Med 320 (8): 479-84, 1989.[PUBMED Abstract] Fisher B, Redmond C, Brown A, et al.: Adjuvant chemotherapy with and without tamoxifen in the treatment of primary breast cancer: 5-year results from the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project Trial. J Clin Oncol 4 (4): 459-71, 1986.[PUBMED Abstract] Related PublicationsRoss DT, Kim CY, Tang G, et al.: Chemosensitivity and stratification by a five monoclonal antibody immunohistochemistry test in the NSABP B14 and B20 trials. Clin Cancer Res 14 (20): 6602-9, 2008.[PUBMED Abstract] Lyman GH, Cosler LE, Kuderer NM, et al.: Impact of a 21-gene RT-PCR assay on treatment decisions in early-stage breast cancer: an economic analysis based on prognostic and predictive validation studies. Cancer 109 (6): 1011-8, 2007.[PUBMED Abstract] Ross DT, Kim C, Tang G, et al.: Prognosis and chemosensitivity using a five monoclonal antibody IHC test in node-negative, tamoxifen-treated, ER+ breast cancer: NSABP B14 and B20 trials. [Abstract] American Society of Clinical Oncology 2007 Breast Cancer Symposium, 7-8 September 2007, San Francisco, California A-28, 2007. Ross DT, Kim C, Tang G, et al.: Validation of the prognostic algorithm based on five monoclonal antibody immunohistochemistry test in node negative ER+ breast cancer NSABP B14 and B20 studies. [Abstract] 29th Annual San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium, December 14-17, 2006, San Antonio, Texas. A-3149, 2006. Taghian AG, Jeong JH, Mamounas EP, et al.: Low locoregional recurrence rate among node-negative breast cancer patients with tumors 5 cm or larger treated by mastectomy, with or without adjuvant systemic therapy and without radiotherapy: results from five national surgical adjuvant breast and bowel project randomized clinical trials. J Clin Oncol 24 (24): 3927-32, 2006.[PUBMED Abstract] Hornberger J, Cosler LE, Lyman GH: Economic analysis of targeting chemotherapy using a 21-gene RT-PCR assay in lymph-node-negative, estrogen-receptor-positive, early-stage breast cancer. Am J Manag Care 11 (5): 313-24, 2005.[PUBMED Abstract] Mamounas E, Tang G, Bryant J, et al.: Association between the 21-gene recurrence score assay (RS) and risk of locoregional failure in node-negative, ER-positive breast cancer: results from NSABP B-14 and NSABP B-20. [Abstract] Breast Cancer Research and Treatment 94 (Suppl 1): A-29, 2005. Paik S, Shak S, Tang G, et al.: Expression of the 21 genes in the Recurrence Score assay and prediction of clinical benefit from tamoxifen in NSABP study B-14 and chemotherapy in NSABP study B-20. [Abstract] Breast Cancer Res Treat 88 (Suppl 1): A-24, 2004. Paik S, Shak S, Tang G, et al.: Multi-gene RT-PCR assay for predicting recurrence in node negative breast cancer patients: NSABP studies B-20 and B-14. [Abstract] Breast Cancer Res Treat 82 (Suppl 1): A-16, S10, 2003. Wickerham L: Tamoxifen--an update on current data and where it can now be used. Breast Cancer Res Treat 75 (Suppl 1): S7-12; discussion S33-5, 2002.[PUBMED Abstract] Fisher B, Dignam J, Tan-Chiu E, et al.: Prognosis and treatment of patients with breast tumors of one centimeter or less and negative axillary lymph nodes. J Natl Cancer Inst 93 (2): 112-20, 2001.[PUBMED Abstract] Fisher B, Jeong JH, Dignam J, et al.: Findings from recent National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project adjuvant studies in stage I breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr (30): 62-6, 2001.[PUBMED Abstract] McCaskill-Stevens W, Bryant J, Costantino J, et al.: Incidence of contralateral breast cancer (CBC), endometrial cancer (EC), and thromboembolic events (TE) in African American (AA) women receiving tamoxifen for treatment of primary breast cancer. [Abstract] Proceedings of the American Society of Clinical Oncology 19: A269, 2000. Fisher B, Dignam J, Mamounas EP, et al.: Sequential methotrexate and fluorouracil for the treatment of node-negative breast cancer patients with estrogen receptor-negative tumors: eight-year results from National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) B-13 and first report of findings from NSABP B-19 comparing methotrexate and fluorouracil with conventional cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil. J Clin Oncol 14 (7): 1982-92, 1996.[PUBMED Abstract] Fisher ER, Kenny JP, Sass R, et al.: Medullary cancer of the breast revisited. Breast Cancer Res Treat 16 (3): 215-29, 1990.[PUBMED Abstract] Fisher B, Redmond C, Wickerham DL, et al.: Systemic therapy in patients with node-negative breast cancer. A commentary based on two National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) clinical trials. Ann Intern Med 111 (9): 703-12, 1989.[PUBMED Abstract] Trial Lead Organizations National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project
Mid-Atlantic Oncology Program
Clinical Research Program - Northern California Cancer Center
Note: The purpose of most clinical trials listed in this database is to test new cancer treatments, or new methods of diagnosing, screening, or preventing cancer. Because all potentially harmful side effects are not known before a trial is conducted, dose and schedule modifications may be required for participants if they develop side effects from the treatment or test. The therapy or test described in this clinical trial is intended for use by clinical oncologists in carefully structured settings, and may not prove to be more effective than standard treatment. A responsible investigator associated with this clinical trial should be consulted before using this protocol. |
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