Stage III Gastric Cancer
Current Clinical Trials
Note: Some citations in the text of this section are followed by a level of
evidence. The PDQ editorial boards use a formal ranking system to help the
reader judge the strength of evidence linked to the reported results of a
therapeutic strategy. (Refer to the PDQ summary on Levels of Evidence for more
information.)
Standard treatment options:
- Radical surgery. Curative resection procedures are confined to patients who
at the time of surgical exploration do not have extensive nodal involvement.
- Postoperative chemoradiation therapy.[1]
- Perioperative chemotherapy.[2]
All patients with tumors that can be resected should undergo surgery. As many as
15% of selected stage III patients can be cured by surgery alone, particularly
if lymph node involvement is minimal (<7 lymph nodes).
Postoperative chemoradiation therapy may be considered for patients with stage III
gastric cancer. A prospective
multi-institution phase III trial (INT-0116) evaluating postoperative combined chemoradiation therapy versus surgery alone in
556 patients with completely resected stage IB to stage IV (M0) adenocarcinoma of
the stomach and gastroesophageal junction reported a significant survival
benefit with adjuvant combined modality therapy.[1][Level of evidence: 1iiA] With a median follow-up of
5 years, median survival was 36 months for the adjuvant chemoradiation therapy group as
compared to 27 months for the surgery-alone arm (P = .005). Three-year overall
survival (OS) and relapse-free survival rates were 50% and 48%, respectively, with adjuvant
chemoradiation therapy versus 41% and 31%, respectively, for surgery alone (P = .005). Because distant disease remains a significant concern, the aim of the current Cancer and Leukemia Group B study (CALGB-80101) is to augment the postoperative chemoradiation regimen used in the INT-0116 trial , for example, and the preoperative chemotherapy and chemoradiation therapy regimen used in the RTOG-9904 trial, as another example.
Investigators in Europe evaluated the role of preoperative and postoperative chemotherapy without radiation therapy.[2] In the randomized phase III trial (MRC-ST02), patients with stage II or higher adenocarcinoma of the stomach or of the lower third of the esophagus were assigned to receive three cycles of epirubicin, cisplatin, and continuous infusion 5-fluorouracil (ECF) before and after surgery or to receive surgery alone. Compared with the surgery group, the perioperative chemotherapy group had a significantly higher likelihood of progression-free survival (hazard ratio [HR] for progression, 0.66; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.53–0.81; P < .001) and of OS (HR for death, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.60–0.93; P = .009). Five-year OS was 36.3%; 95% CI, 29 to 43 for the perioperative chemotherapy group and 23%; 95% CI, 16.6 to 29.4 for the surgery group.[2][Level of evidence: 1iiA]
Treatment options under clinical evaluation:
- Postoperative chemoradiation with ECF such as in the CALGB-80101 trial.[3].
- Neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy such as in the SWOG-S0425 and RTOG-9904 trials.[4]
All newly diagnosed
patients with stage III gastric cancer should be considered candidates for
clinical trials.
Current Clinical Trials
Check for U.S. clinical trials from NCI's PDQ Cancer Clinical Trials Registry that are now accepting patients with stage III gastric cancer. The list of clinical trials can be further narrowed by location, drug, intervention, and other criteria.
General information about clinical trials is also available from the NCI Web site.
References
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Macdonald JS, Smalley SR, Benedetti J, et al.: Chemoradiotherapy after surgery compared with surgery alone for adenocarcinoma of the stomach or gastroesophageal junction. N Engl J Med 345 (10): 725-30, 2001.
[PUBMED Abstract]
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Cunningham D, Allum WH, Stenning SP, et al.: Perioperative chemotherapy versus surgery alone for resectable gastroesophageal cancer. N Engl J Med 355 (1): 11-20, 2006.
[PUBMED Abstract]
-
Fuchs C, Tepper JE, Niedwiecki D, et al.: Postoperative adjuvant chemoradiation for gastric or gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma using epirubicin, cisplatin, and infusional (CI) 5-FU (ECF) before and after CI 5-FU and radiotherapy (RT): interim toxicity results from Intergroup trial CALGB 80101. [Abstract] American Society of Clinical Oncology 2006 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium, 26-28 January 2006, San Francisco, California. A-61, 2006.
-
Ajani JA, Winter K, Okawara GS, et al.: Phase II trial of preoperative chemoradiation in patients with localized gastric adenocarcinoma (RTOG 9904): quality of combined modality therapy and pathologic response. J Clin Oncol 24 (24): 3953-8, 2006.
[PUBMED Abstract]
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